Expert consensus for Jingtong Granules in treatment of cervical radiculopathy in clinical application / 中国中药杂志

With the effects of activating blood and resolving stasis, and moving Qi to relieve pain, Jingtong Granules is widely used in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy in China. Long-term clinical application and related evidence have shown that the prescription has ideal effect in alleviating the pain in neck, shoulder, and upper limbs, stiffness or scurrying numbness, and scurrying pain caused by this disease. However, there is a lack of consensus on the clinical application of Jingtong Granules. Therefore, clinical first-line experts and methodology experts from all over the country were invited to compile this expert consensus. This expert consensus is expected to guide clinicians to use Jingtong Granules in a standardized and reasonable way, improve clinical efficacy, reduce medication risks, and benefit patients. First, according to the clinical experience of experts and the standard development procedures, the indications, syndrome characteristics, clinical advantages, and possible adverse reactions of Jingtong Granules were summarized. Then, through face-to-face interview of clinical doctors in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine and survey of the clinical application, the clinical problems were summed up, and the consensus was reached with the nominal group method to form the final clinical problems. Third, evidence retrieval was carried out for the clinical problems, and relevant evidence was evaluated. The GRADE system was employed to rate the quality of evidence. Fourth, 5 recommendation items and 3 consensuses items were summarized with the nominal group method. Opinions and peer reviews on the consensus content were solicited through expert meetings and letter reviews. The final consensus includes the summary of evidence on the clinical indications, effectiveness, and safety of Jingtong Granules, which can serve as a reference for clinicians in hospitals and primary health institutions.

5'-tiRNA-Gln inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by repressing translation through the interaction with eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I / 医学前沿

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that are involved in the occurrence and progression of diverse diseases. However, their exact presence and function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, differentially expressed tsRNAs in HCC were profiled. A novel tsRNA, tRNAGln-TTG derived 5'-tiRNA-Gln, is significantly downregulated, and its expression level is correlated with progression in patients. In HCC cells, 5'-tiRNA-Gln overexpression impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, while 5'-tiRNA-Gln knockdown yielded opposite results. 5'-tiRNA-Gln exerted its function by binding eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I (EIF4A1), which unwinds complex RNA secondary structures during translation initiation, causing the partial inhibition of translation. The suppressed downregulated proteins include ARAF, MEK1/2 and STAT3, causing the impaired signaling pathway related to HCC progression. Furthermore, based on the construction of a mutant 5'-tiRNA-Gln, the sequence of forming intramolecular G-quadruplex structure is crucial for 5'-tiRNA-Gln to strongly bind EIF4A1 and repress translation. Clinically, 5'-tiRNA-Gln expression level is negatively correlated with ARAF, MEK1/2, and STAT3 in HCC tissues. Collectively, these findings reveal that 5'-tiRJNA-Gln interacts with EIF4A1 to reduce related mRNA binding through the intramolecular G-quadruplex structure, and this process partially inhibits translation and HCC progression.

Chinese expert guidance on overall application of lenvatinib in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华消化外科杂志

Lenvatinib mesylate is an oral receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor against targets of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1-3, fibroblast growth factor receptors 1-4, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, stem cell growth factor receptor, and rearranged during transfection, et al. Lenvatinib has been approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China on September 4,2018, for the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who have not received systematic treatment before. Up to February 2023, Lenvatinib has been listed in China for more than 4 years, accumulating a series of post-marketing clinical research evidences. Based on the clinical practice before and after the launch of lenvatinib and referring to the clinical experience of other anti-angiogenesis inhibitors, domestic multidisciplinary experts and scholars adopt the Delphi method to formulate the Chinese Expert Guidance on Overall Application of Lenvatinib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma after repeated discussions and revisions, in order to provide reference for reasonable and effective clinical application of lenvatinib for clinicians.

Analysis of nutritional status in 22 609 children and adolescents aged 2-18 years in Southwest China / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology, risk factors and biochemical indexes of nutritional status in children and adolescents aged 2~18 years in Southwest China.Methods:Children attending routine health checkups at the Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between April 2017 and March 2021 were enrolled in this study.Nutritional status was defined based on BMI cut-off values, and statistically analyzed based on gender, region and age.Its risk factors were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results:A total of 22 609 cases were recruited and the overall prevalence of wasting, overweight and obesity was 5.87%, 9.81% and 10.50%, respectively.The prevalence of obesity and wasting in boys was higher than that in girls ( χ2=24.79, 12.39, all P<0.05), and the prevalence of overweight in boys was lower than that in girls( χ2=4.32, P<0.05). The prevalence of overweight among boys in urban regions was higher than that in rural regions( χ2=4.68, P<0.05). Compared in three age groups, boys aged 12~18 years had the highest prevalence of obesity( χ2=12.49, P<0.01), while girls had the lowest prevalence of wasting( χ2=6.18, P<0.05). Compared with boys, girls had a lower risk of obesity and wasting ( OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.73~0.87), ( OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.71~0.90). Compared to children aged 12~18 years, children aged 2~<6 years had a lower risk of obesity ( OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.46~0.67), while children aged 6~<12 years had a higher risk of wasting ( OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.25~2.33). Significant differences were reported in ALT, AST, ALP, UA, UN, CRE, TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in obese children (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The nutritional status of children and adolescents in Southwest China is comparable to that at the national level.The prevalence of obesity and wasting is associated with gender and age.Obese children are more likely to have biochemical abnormalities.

Electroacupuncture alleviates postoperative pain through inhibiting neuroinflammation via stimulator of interferon genes/type-1 interferon pathway / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#This work explores the impact of electroacupuncture (EA) on acute postoperative pain (APP) and the role of stimulator of interferon genes/type-1 interferon (STING/IFN-1) signaling pathway modulation in the analgesic effect of EA in APP rats.@*METHODS@#The APP rat model was initiated through abdominal surgery and the animals received two 30 min sessions of EA at bilateral ST36 (Zusanli) and SP6 (Sanyinjiao) acupoints. Mechanical, thermal and cold sensitivity tests were performed to measure the pain threshold, and electroencephalograms were recorded in the primary somatosensory cortex to identify the effects of EA treatment on APP. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression and distribution of proteins in the STING/IFN-1 pathway as well as neuroinflammation. A STING inhibitor (C-176) was administered intrathecally to verify its role in EA.@*RESULTS@#APP rats displayed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities compared to the control group (P < 0.05). APP significantly reduced the amplitude of θ, α and γ oscillations compared to their baseline values (P < 0.05). Interestingly, expression levels of proteins in the STING/IFN-1 pathway were downregulated after inducing APP (P < 0.05). Further, APP increased pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and downregulated anti-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-10 and arginase-1 (P < 0.05). EA effectively attenuated APP-induced painful hypersensitivities (P < 0.05) and restored the θ, α and γ power in APP rats (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, EA distinctly activated the STING/IFN-1 pathway and mitigated the neuroinflammatory response (P < 0.05). Furthermore, STING/IFN-1 was predominantly expressed in isolectin-B4- or calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-labeled dorsal root ganglion neurons and superficial laminae of the spinal dorsal horn. Inhibition of the STING/IFN-1 pathway by intrathecal injection of C-176 weakened the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EA on APP (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#EA can generate robust analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on APP, and these effects may be linked to activating the STING/IFN-1 pathway, suggesting that STING/IFN-1 may be a target for relieving APP. Please cite this article as: Ding YY, Xu F, Wang YF, Han LL, Huang SQ, Zhao S, Ma LL, Zhang TH, Zhao WJ, Chen XD. Electroacupuncture alleviates postoperative pain through inhibiting neuroinflammation via stimulator of interferon genes/type-1 interferon pathway. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 496-508.

Expanded Applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine Four Examination Techniques in Asymptomatic Spleen-Stomach Diseases / 中医杂志

Asymptomatic spleen-stomach diseases refer to diseases without related symptoms and signs of abdo-minal pain， bloating， diarrhea an others in patients， but showing lesions or pathological changes discovered by modern medical techniques such as endoscopy， CT， MRI. The four examination techniques of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） are based on symptoms and signs of patients， which are the advantage of TCM but also have certain limitations. In the context of the increasingly modernized diagnosis and treatment in TCM， it is proposed to expand the application of the four examination techniques from three aspects including microcosmic syndrome differentiation， data sharing， and artificial intelligence in asymptomatic spleen-stomach diseases， in order to achieve the goals of dynamically observing the disease process， collecting disease data in multiple dimensions， and intelligently processing disease data. This will strengthen the modern requirements of early diagnosis and treatment in TCM， and highlight the advantages of TCM in “treating disease before it arises and treating the symptoms beforehand”.

A qualitative study of user experience， knowledge and attitude of e-cigarette use in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo understand the experience， knowledge and attitudes of e-cigarette users in Shanghai， and to provide evidence for the development of intervention programs for e-cigarette use. MethodsThe Respondent-Driven Sampling （RDS） method was used to recruit 40 e-cigarette users for qualitative interviews from November 2020 to February 2021. NVivo （11.0） software was used to code interview records， and the thematic pattern and relationship analysis were conducted. ResultsIn terms of the reasons and user experience of e-cigarette use， most respondents used e-cigarettes for the first time after recommendation of friends； The reasons for the current use of e-cigarettes focus on the subjective feelings generated by the use of e-cigarettes （easy to use， replacing traditional tobacco， and having many flavors）. Compared with traditional tobacco use， respondents said e-cigarettes tasted good and had no physical impact （they could be used all the time without making them uncomfortable）. In terms of the awareness of e-cigarette use related knowledge， the respondents' opinions on whether e-cigarettes caused health risks were mostly based on their own experience of using them， and they said it was difficult to identify real information online. As for whether they were interested in relevant knowledge， most respondents said they wanted to learn about the professional knowledge related to e-cigarettes. Regarding the attitude related to the use of e-cigarettes， most respondents believed that e-cigarettes are addictive， e-cigarettes are not a safe alternative to traditional tobacco， ande-cigarettes couldn't help them quit smoking. Three out of ten respondents said they supported including e-cigarettes in the Regulation on Smoking Control in Public. ConclusionThere are certain characteristics of e-cigarette users' feelings， related knowledge and attitude towards e-cigarette use that should be targeted to carry out publicity， education and intervention.

Analysis of Kawasaki disease complicated with atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with Kawasaki disease (KD) complicated with atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS).Methods:Clinical characteristics of 60 AARS patients complicated with KD (the atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation group) and 60 patients with KD only diagnosed (the control group)in the Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Differences between groups were compared by the Chi- square test and the t test. Results:A total of 8 365 KD patients were diagnosed during the study period, involving 60 cases (0.72%) complicated with AARS.which usually occurred in the acute phase with the onset ages of 3 to 6 years ( P<0.001). Initial clinical symptoms of KD complicated with AARS included fever with restricted neck movement (100.00%), neck mass (66.67%), torticollis (21.67%) and neck pain (11.67%). CT or X-ray exa-mination of the neck indicated AARS, with thickening and swelling of the cervical soft tissues in some cases.Compared with those of control group, red, dry, cracked lips ( P=0.01) and cervical lymph node swollen ( P<0.001) were significantly pronounced in KD patients complicated with AARS.The absolute and relative count of neutrophils were significantly higher in KD patients complicated with AARS (all P< 0.05). Cervical soft tissue swelling and thickening in B-ultrasound were more obvious than those in the control group( P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in coronary artery lesions and the response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combined with Aspirin between groups ( P>0.05). Head traction could relieve neck symptoms to a certain extent, but there was no significant difference between groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Cervical lymphadenopathy, red, dry, cracked lips, increase of absolute and relative count of neutrophils, and swelling and thicke-ning of cervical soft tissues were the high-risk factors of KD complicated with AARS.The complication of AARS in KD patients did not increase the risk of coronary artery injury and IVIG resistance.IVIG combined with aspirin achieved a good prognosis in the majority of KD patients complicated with AARS.

Effect of Tiaoshen acupuncture on anxiety after methamphetamine withdrawal / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect between Tiaoshen acupuncture combined with psychotherapy and simple psychotherapy on anxiety after methamphetamine withdrawal.@*METHODS@#A total of 78 patients were randomized into an observation group (39 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (39 cases, 1 case dropped off). Psychotherapy was given in the control group. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, Tiaoshen acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Benshen (GB 13), Neiguan (PC 6) and Shenmen (HT 7) in the observation group. The treatment was given once a day, 6 days were as one course and totally 4 courses were required in both groups. The scores of Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), quality of life for drug addicts (QOL-DA) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) before and after treatment were observed in both groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the various scores and the total scores of HAMA, QOL-DA and PSQI were decreased compared before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the scores of somatic anxiety factor, the psychic anxiety factor and the total score of HAMA, each various score and the total score of QOL-DA as well as the scores of sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep time, daytime dysfunction and the total score of PSQI in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Tiaoshen acupuncture combined with psychotherapy can relieve the anxiety in patients with anxiety after methamphetamine withdrawal, improve the quality of life and sleep, the therapeutic effect is superior to the simple psychotherapy.

Effect of Guiqi Baizhu Prescription Combined with Oxaliplatin on Expression of EGFR and VEGFR2 and Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer-bearing Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Guiqi Baizhu prescription （GQBZ） combined with oxaliplatin on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 （VEGFR2） and angiogenesis in gastric cancer-bearing mice. MethodThe tumor-bearing model of gastric cancer was induced in Kunming mice. The mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， oxaliplatin group （10 mg·kg-1）， and high- （17.68 g·kg-1）， medium- （8.84 g·kg-1）， and low-dose （4.42 g·kg-1） combination groups （GQBZ combined with oxaliplatin）. After the last administration， the transplanted tumor was collected and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of tumor tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the serum content of epidermal growth factor （EGF）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）. Western blot and immunohistochemistry （IHC） were used to detect the expression of EGFR， phosphorylated EGFR （p-EGFR）， VEGFR2， phosphorylated VEGFR2 （p-VEGFR2）， and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule （CD31）. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of EGFR and VEGFR2. ResultThe tumor weight in the drug intervention groups was significantly lower than that in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the oxaliplatin group， the high- and medium-dose combination groups showed reduced tumor weight （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The tumor cells in the model groups were high in cell density and regular in shape， and no clear tissue necrosis was seen. The tumor cell density in the drug intervention groups was reduced， and clear tissue necrosis and large-scale inflammatory cells were visible. Compared with the blank group， the model group and the drug intervention groups showed increased serum levels of EGF， VEGF， and IL-8 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the drug intervention groups showed decreased serum levels of EGF， VEGF， and IL-8 （P<0.01）， reduced protein expression of EGFR， p-EGFR， VEGFR2， p-VEGFR2， and CD31， and declining mRNA expression of EGFR and VEGFR （P<0.01）. Compared with the oxaliplatin group， the high- and medium-dose combination groups showed decreased serum levels of EGF， VEGF， and IL-8 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced protein expression of EGFR， p-EGFR， VEGFR2， p-VEGFR2， and CD31， and dwindled mRNA expression of EGFR and VEGFR2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The low-dose combination group showed decreased serum levels of EGF， VEGF， and IL-8， reduced protein expression of EGFR， p-EGFR， VEGFR2， p-VEGFR2， and CD31， and dwindled mRNA expression of EGFR and VEGFR2， but the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionGQBZ combined with oxaliplatin can inhibit the growth and angiogenesis of tumor tissues in gastric cancer-bearing mice by affecting the expression of EGFR and VEGFR2.

Research progress in in vitro detection of urinary volatile organic compounds for early cancer diagnosis / 国际生物医学工程杂志

With the further increase of the global cancer burden, various cancers are increasingly challenging human health status and quality of life. Thus, early screening of cancer is crucial. Urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection techniques have the advantages of easy access to samples, high acceptance of patients, non-invasive, and so on, which have been favored and concerned by researchers. In this paper, existing techniques and methods for cancer diagnosis based on urine VOCs were described, relevant studies on the use of urine VOCs for cancer diagnosis were reviewed, and the barriers and future perspectives of the technique were discussed. This paper can be a reference for researchers working in the direction of urinary VOCs detection, a multidisciplinary field that spans medicine and materials science.

Long Non-coding RNA CASC15 Promotes Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Possibly through Inducing PRDX2/PI3K/AKT Axis / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

Purpose@#Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most common liver primary tumors but its treatments are limited. Bioinformatics showed that the expression level of long non-coding RNA cancer-associated susceptibility 15 gene (CASC15) is correlated with ICC progression, but its functional mechanism remains unclear. @*Materials and Methods@#Tissues from ICC patients, tumor and adjacent tissue, were used for detection of the expression of CASC15. Clinical data were also collected for clinicopathologic and survival analysis. Short interfering RNA and lentiviral short hairpin RNA were used to knock down CASC15 and PRDX2 expression in ICC cell lines, for the analysis of changes of cell function and xenografts. RNA-pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect RNA-binding protein, PRDX2. Male nude mice were used for ICC xenografts, and livers were collected after 4 weeks for immunohistochemistry. @*Results@#CASC15 is highly expressed in ICC tissues and is related to higher TNM stage. Knockdown of CASC15 in ICC cells reduced cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and increased apoptosis, and G1/S block. PRDX2 bound to CASC15. Knockdown of CASC15 decreased PRDX2 expression which was rescued by the inhibition of proteasome formation. Downregulation of PRDX2 resulted in G1/S block, reduced ICC cell invasion. Downregulation of CASC15 inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/c-Myc pathway through downregulating of PRDX2 and overexpressed PRDX2 rescued the block. CASC15 knockout in ICC xenografts suppressed tumor development in vivo, decreased the expression of PRDX2 and Ki67 and inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway. @*Conclusion@#CASC15 promotes ICC possibly by targeting PRDX2 via the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating poor prognosis and high degree of malignancy of ICC.

Strategy study of improving residents′ health literacy under the guidance of "Healthy Shanghai Action" / 上海预防医学

Objective Based on the Health Shanghai Action 2019-2030, combined with the monitoring results of Shanghai residents′ health literacy, we analyzed the data, looked for the existing problems and the possible causes in the improvement of health literacy, and put forward corresponding suggestions and strategies. Methods Using the monitoring data and results of Shanghai residents′ health literacy from 2008 to 2018, we made aggregate analysis of residents′ health literacy and comparative analysis of different years, different ages and different regions in this regard. Results The health literacy level of Shanghai residents was 28.38% in 2018.The absolute value of growth is 21.41% and the average annual growth rate was 13.61% compared with 2008.The literacy levels of infectious disease prevention, healthy behavior, and basic medical treatment were relatively low.There had been a big gap between urban and rural residents in literacy levels of health information, health knowledge, and health skill. Conclusion The health literacy level of Shanghai residents has been improved significantly.In future, we should strengthen the health education of infectious disease prevention, healthy behavior, and basic medical treatment, using different health education methods for different age groups or different education level people.Moreover, we need to establish and strengthen the authoritative health information release platform, so the residents especially rural ones, can get the reliable health education information in time.

Strategy study of improving residents′ health literacy under the guidance of "Healthy Shanghai Action" / 上海预防医学

Objective Based on the Health Shanghai Action 2019-2030, combined with the monitoring results of Shanghai residents′ health literacy, we analyzed the data, looked for the existing problems and the possible causes in the improvement of health literacy, and put forward corresponding suggestions and strategies. Methods Using the monitoring data and results of Shanghai residents′ health literacy from 2008 to 2018, we made aggregate analysis of residents′ health literacy and comparative analysis of different years, different ages and different regions in this regard. Results The health literacy level of Shanghai residents was 28.38% in 2018.The absolute value of growth is 21.41% and the average annual growth rate was 13.61% compared with 2008.The literacy levels of infectious disease prevention, healthy behavior, and basic medical treatment were relatively low.There had been a big gap between urban and rural residents in literacy levels of health information, health knowledge, and health skill. Conclusion The health literacy level of Shanghai residents has been improved significantly.In future, we should strengthen the health education of infectious disease prevention, healthy behavior, and basic medical treatment, using different health education methods for different age groups or different education level people.Moreover, we need to establish and strengthen the authoritative health information release platform, so the residents especially rural ones, can get the reliable health education information in time.

Impact of tobacco awareness on tobacco susceptibility among junior middle school students in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the tobacco cognitive status and factors associated with susceptibility to smoking among junior middle school students in Shanghai. Methods A total of 3 155 middle school students selected from 8 surveillance sites in Shanghai City, through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling were investigated with self-filling questionnaires.Data were analyzed by using the complex survey module of SPSS 22.0 after it was weighted. Results The rate of those thinking that smoking would make him/her comfortable, feeling smoking attractive, feeing hard to quit smoking, considering secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure harmful to health was 5.1%, 8.2%, 34.1%, 83.2%, respectively.In those who had never been exposed to tobacco, their rate of susceptibility to smoking was 7.0%, which was higher in boys (8.6%) than in girls (5.4%)(P=0.005).Those who reported SHS exposure at home, at school, on public transport had higher susceptibility to smoking than non-exposed ones.Mother smoking(OR=2.567, 95%CI:1.394-4.725), close friends smoking(OR=2.596, 95%CI:1.336-5.046) were the risk factors for susceptibility to smoking.Anti-tobacco media exposure and feeling smoking less attractive were protective factors correspondingly. Conclusion It is suggested that school based intervention measures should integrate both self-perception and social environmental factors to prevent tobacco exposure among youths in future.

Impact of tobacco awareness on tobacco susceptibility among junior middle school students in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the tobacco cognitive status and factors associated with susceptibility to smoking among junior middle school students in Shanghai. Methods A total of 3 155 middle school students selected from 8 surveillance sites in Shanghai City, through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling were investigated with self-filling questionnaires.Data were analyzed by using the complex survey module of SPSS 22.0 after it was weighted. Results The rate of those thinking that smoking would make him/her comfortable, feeling smoking attractive, feeing hard to quit smoking, considering secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure harmful to health was 5.1%, 8.2%, 34.1%, 83.2%, respectively.In those who had never been exposed to tobacco, their rate of susceptibility to smoking was 7.0%, which was higher in boys (8.6%) than in girls (5.4%)(P=0.005).Those who reported SHS exposure at home, at school, on public transport had higher susceptibility to smoking than non-exposed ones.Mother smoking(OR=2.567, 95%CI:1.394-4.725), close friends smoking(OR=2.596, 95%CI:1.336-5.046) were the risk factors for susceptibility to smoking.Anti-tobacco media exposure and feeling smoking less attractive were protective factors correspondingly. Conclusion It is suggested that school based intervention measures should integrate both self-perception and social environmental factors to prevent tobacco exposure among youths in future.

Status of health literacy among farmers in Shanghai in 2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective To learn the status and influencing factors of health literacy among Shanghai farmers, providing references for further health literacy intervention. Methods Subjects were selected whose occupation was filled in as farmer in health literacy monitoring of Shanghai residents in 2018. Results Among the 4 380 farmers selected, 1 878(42.88%) were males and 2 502(57.12%) were females.The overall level of health literacy among farmers was 13.42%, the proportion of their basic health concepts and knowledge, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and basic health skills being 22.28%, 15.53% and 14.45% respectively.In addition, they had health literacy in six aspects:attitude towards health, safety and first aid, health information, chronic diseases prevention and control, basic medical care and infectious diseases prevention and control; their proportions were 40.53%, 39.84%, 21.67%, 18.33%, 15.80% and 15.73%, respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that the region and education level were the influencing factors of the health literacy among farmers. Conclusion The health literacy of farmers in Shanghai is lower than that of the city residents, and their literacy of basic health skill, primary medical care and infectious disease prevention needs to be improved.

Progress in technology of long-acting preparations of protein and peptide drugs / 中国药科大学学报

@#As one of the most important biological drugs, protein and peptide drugs have been increasingly used in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in recent years. However, most of them need to be injected and lack of long-acting formulations, which brings many troubles to patients suffering from chronic diseases. In this review, we summarized the strategies for engineering long-acting formulations for proteins and peptides via preparation means, including extended-release injection, implant, oral preparations and transdermal drug delivery systems, and analyzed their release mechanisms, research advances, advantages and shortcomings, thereby providing potential approaches for promoting the formulation improvement of these drugs.

The two-stage urethroplasty with distal urethral preset for proximal pediatric hypospadias / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate retrospectively a modified procedure of two-stage urethroplasty with distal urethral preset for proximal pediatric hypospadias and evaluate the feasibility and advantages of the method.@*Methods@#From January 2013 to January 2018, two-stage urethroplasty with distal urethral preset was performed in 36 boys from 19 months to 15 years old (median age 36 months) with proximal hypospadias. The penile straightening and distal urethroplasty were performed at the first stage, meanwhile, the original urethral opening was preserved. After the distal reconstructed urethra performed in 6 months, the neourethra was connected with proximal meatus to re-establish the continuous urethra. The wound infection, urinary leakage, urethral stricture, appearance of penis and urination were observed after the second stage operation.@*Results@#One case had skin infection around the wound after first stage operation and healed after wound management. Another one case had the distal urethra dehiscence but the wound has no signs of infection. The child had moderate anemia, and the hemoglobin is 80 g/L.It was therefore considered that anemia was the cause. The hemoglobin level was normal during the second stage operation, and repaired by Snodgrass method in the second stage. Five cases had the balanue dehiscence.Thirty case had being succeeded after the first stage, included a case of wound infection 5 days after operation. Three cases developed urethral fistula after the second stage repair, which were mended in the third stage. At a mean follow-up of 20 months postoperatively (14 to 48 months), all patients had satisfied appearance of penis, unobstructed urination and continuous urine line, without urinary fistula, urethral stricture and urethrocele at the second stage repair.@*Conclusions@#The distal urethral preset and staged procedure is a feasible operation that corrects proximal hypospadias with few complications and with good cosmetic and functional outcomes.

Analysis on high risk factors for early coronary artery aneurysms early complicated with Kawasaki disease in inpatients by single-center analysis for 6 years / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To investigate the high risk factors for early coronary artery aneurysms(CAA)early complicated with Kawasaki disease (KD) in inpatient children.@*Methods@#Totally 679 inpatient children with KD from January 2005 to December 2011 in Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled in this study.These data were analyzed by Chi-square test to analyze the possible risk factors for CAA.Multiple Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the OR and 95%CI for the risk factors.@*Results@#There were 385(56.70%) male and 294(43.30%) female cases with the onset ages of 2 months to 15 years and 7 months.There were 32 cases (4.71%) of CAA, among them, 8 cases resistant to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). In total 32 cases of CAA, 25 cases were treated with 2 g/(kg·time) IVIG for 1 to 3 times, and 2 cases were also treated by methylprednisolone.The other 7 cases of CAA were treated with IVIG less than or equal to 1 g/(kg·time) for 4 to 7 times.There were 6 recu-rrent KD cases (0.88%), occurred on the 2nd-18th month after the onset of the illness, including 1 case complicated with CAA.There was no death case during the acute stage.The monofactor analysis showed that male, duration of fever ≥ 10 d, time of treatment with IVIG ≥7 d, hemoglobin < 100 g/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥100 mm/1 h, serum albumin < 30 g/L were associated with early complicated CAA(all P<0.05). However, the age, white blood cells, platelets, C-reactive protein were not associated with early complicated CAA(all P>0.05). The multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that hemoglobin <100 g/L (OR=2.99, 95%CI: 1.01-8.75, P=0.04), duration of fever ≥ 10 d (OR=6.67, 95%CI: 1.57-22.54, P=0.01), time of treatment with IVIG ≥7 d(OR=3.57, 95%CI: 1.12-11.02, P=0.02) were the independent risk factors for CAA.@*Conclusions@#The levels of hemoglobin<100 g/L, duration of fever ≥ 10 d and time of treatment of IVIG ≥7 d are the independent risk factors for CAA.