Analysis of current radiation protection and occupational health management in non-medical institutions in Hebei Province, China, 2022 / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the number, distribution, and types of radiation of non-medical radiation institutions in Hebei Province, China, and to explore the current radiation protection in the employing units and occupational health management of radiation workers in 2022. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in the non-medical institutions engaged in nuclear technology application in Hebei Province, and different types of employing units were selected to monitor the radioactivity level in the workplace. Results A total of 681 non-medical institutions engaged in radiation technology application completed the survey, covering all cities with subordinate districts in the province, including 1605 radioactive devices, 2960 active devices, 45 non-uranium metal mines, and 14 non-sealed workplaces. A total of 8617 radiation workers were surveyed, with a personal dose monitoring rate of 70.9%, a radiation protection training rate of 61.1%, and an occupational health examination rate for radiation workers of 59.3%. A total of 614 radiation protection monitoring instruments were provided, with a personal protective equipment allocation rate of 51.1% and a personal dose alarm device allocation rate of 51.8%. The radiation occupational hazardous factor testing was completed for 54 workplaces, and the results were all qualified. Conclusion There are still significant deficiencies in personal dose monitoring in the radiation work units in non-medical institutions and occupational health examination in the radiation work units in our province. The health administrative departments should strengthen health supervision and law enforcement, enhance radiation protection and skill training for employers, and more effectively control the impact of radiation hazards on personnel health.

Application of Quality Evaluation of Blind Method in Clinical Trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The quality evaluation of the blind method is to evaluate the clinical blind data obtained from clinical trials adopting the blind method and judge the effectiveness of the blind method by investigating the blind effect of different blind objects. A successful blind method can avoid the influence of subjective factors on the test results of subjects and researchers to a certain extent. The quality evaluation of the blind method can reflect not only the effectiveness of the blind method but also the accuracy and credibility of clinical trial results. In recent years， randomized controlled trials have been widely used in the evaluation of the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， but the quality of the implementation of blind methods is uneven， and the evaluation criteria have not yet been formed. In this paper， the data collection methods， calculation principles， advantages， and disadvantages of two quantitative quality evaluation methods of blind methods， namely James Blinding Index （JBI） and Bang Blinding Index （BBI）， were introduced. The two indexes were analyzed in a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture and moxibustion to relieve postoperative oral pain. The calculation process of the results was demonstrated by R software and visualized by forest map. At the same time， a tool table was designed to facilitate the collection of evaluation data of blind methods in TCM clinical trials at different stages. Finally， the necessity and feasibility of quality evaluation of blind method in TCM research were discussed to provide a basis for evaluating and improving the quality of blind method implementation in TCM clinical trials.

Study on static parameters of internal nasal valve in 3-dimensional model of nasal cavity space / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To identify the internal nasal valve (INV) and to evaluate its key parameters in the established 3D models of nasal cavity space via Mimics from CT images, in order to provide evidence for quantitative diagnosis of nasal valve compromise. Methods: A total of 32 Han adults without nasal diseases who underwent maxillofacial CT test in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively recruited, including 16 males and 16 females, with the age ranged from 20 to 80 years (50% age<50 years old). Maxillofacial CT images were used to create 3D model of nasal cavity space. The INV was identified and the following parameters were measured: the angle between the INV and the nasal bone (θINV-B), unilateral cross-sectional area of the INV (AINV-R, AINV-L), total cross-sectional area of the INV (AINV), unilateral height of the INV (HINV-R, HINV-L), unilateral nasal valve angle (αINV-R, αINV-L), and the sum of nasal valve angle (αINV). The AINV in our study was compared with the results of the previously adopted planes (PlaneC, perpendicular to the hard palate and PlaneB, plane perpendicular to the nasal bone). The parameters above were compared among genders, age and race groups. SPSS 26 and GraphPad Prism 9 software were used for statistical analysis and mapping of data. Results: The AINV in our study was (214.87±52.94) mm², which was significantly less than that of PlaneC (254.97±47.80) mm² and PlaneB (226.07±57.36) mm². The measured parameters were as follows: θINV-B was (82.07±7.06)°; AINV-R was (112.66±31.39) mm²; AINV-L was (102.21±27.14) mm²; AINV was (214.87±52.94) mm²; HINV-R was (24.87±4.62) mm; HINV-L was (24.35±4.86) mm; αINV-R was (20.48±2.99)°; αINV-L was (19.65±3.82)°; αINV was (40.13±6.24)°. The AINV-R was larger than AINV-L (t=2.33, P<0.05); The HINV, AINV-R, AINV-L and AINV of males were more than those of females (t value was 5.77, 3.21, 2.91 and 3.52, respectively, all P<0.01). The AINV of the young group (<50 years) was larger than that of the old group (t=2.83, P<0.01); The θINV-B was different between the Han people and the Caucasian (t=2.92,P<0.01). The αINV of the Han people was larger than that of Caucasians (Z=-6.92, P<0.01), but the HINV was smaller (Z=-3.89, P<0.01). Conclusion: The AINV carried out in 3D models of nasal cavity space is significantly smaller than that obtained by the previous methods of CT evaluation. INV static parameters differ among genders, age and race groups.

Early identification and influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in high-stress rescue workers / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To explore the risk intensity and related influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among high-stress rescue workers, and to provide effective tools for the risk assessment of PTSD in military rescue workers. Method: From June to August 2022, cluster sampling was used to select the high-stress rescue personnel of an Army department as the survey subjects. The acute Stress reaction (ASD) scale and PTSD checklist were used to evaluate the risk of PTSD in military rescue personnel. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD. Results: The age of 4 460 subjects was (24.38±4.072) years old, including 4 396 males (98.6%). The positive rate of initial screening for ASD was 2.85% (127/4 460). The positive rate of PTSD was 0.67% (30/4 460). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that female, older age, recent trauma exposure history, passive smoking and alcohol consumption were at higher risk of ASD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 4.183 (1.819-9.618), 6.278 (1.363-28.912), 3.094 (1.500-6.379), 2.059 (1.298-3.267) and 2.607 (1.614-4.211), respectively; Lower education level was associated with lower risk of ASD, OR (95%CI) was 0.593 (0.359-0.978); People who are older, thinner, have a history of mental illness, and drink alcohol were at higher risk for PTSD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 20.144 (2.459-165.043), 10.287 (2.218-47.700), 91.104 (8.592-965.980) and 2.866 (1.144-7.180), respectively. Conclusion: Gender, age, education level, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, past history of mental illness and body mass index may be related to the potential risk of PTSD in rescue workers,passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight controlling should be focused on to reduce potential risks of PTSD.

Recent Progress on Pharmaceutical Properties of Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been officially approved in many countries to treat graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune disorders and those associated with tissue regeneration after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Studies in recent years have confirmed that MSC acts mainly through paracrine mechanism, in which extracellular vesicles secreted by MSC (MSC-EV) play a central role. MSC-EV has overwhelming advantages over MSC itself in the setting of adverse effects in clinical application, indicating that MSC-EV might take the place of its parent cells to be a potentially therapeutic tool for "cell-free therapy". The pharmaceutical properties of MSC-EV largely depend upon the practical and optimal techniques including large-scale expansion of MSC, the modification of MSC based on the indications and the in vivo dynamic features of MSC-EV, and the methods for preparing and harvesting large amounts of MSC-EV. The recent progresses on the issues above will be briefly reviewed.

Comparison of the effects of different chromatic lights on accommodative response and microfluctuation in myopes and emmetropes / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of conflicting stimuli generated by different chromatic lights on visual display terminal (VDT) on accommodative response and microfluctuation of myopes and emmetropes, and to investigate the possible relationship between chromatic light, accommodation and the development and progression of myopia.Methods:A non-randomized controlled trial was conducted.Forty-one subjects aged 22 to 30 years old were enrolled, including 19 emmetropes in emmetropic group and 22 myopes in myopic group.The subjects had the normal color vision and no ocular organic diseases.The interventions were screens of different colors.There were 7 chromatic light conditions, including 3 monochromatic lights (red, green, blue), 3 bichromatic lights (red+ green, red+ blue, green+ blue) and 1 polychromatic light (white=red+ green+ blue). Subjects were asked to look at a black E target on a VDT at a distance of 33 cm for more than 20 seconds.The background color of the VDT was changed randomly in the 7 chromatic light conditions.The accommodative responses were recorded with the Grand Seiko WAM-5500 automatic infrared refractor every 0.2 seconds and the accommodative microfluctuation was calculated as the standard deviation of the accommodative response.Accommodative response and accommodative microfluctuation under different chromatic light conditions were compared.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (No.2019-1564). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:No statistically significant difference was found in the accommodative response between the two groups ( Fgroup=2.626, P=0.113). There was a statistically significant difference under different chromatic light conditions between the two groups ( Flight=39.070, P<0.01). There were similar trends in the effects of various color lights in both groups, with the largest accommodative response under monochromatic red light, followed by the bichromatic light containing red light, and then the smallest accommodative response under monochromatic blue light, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The accommodative microfluctuations under red, green, blue, red+ blue, red+ green, blue+ green and white light conditions were (0.142±0.033), (0.128±0.038), (0.131±0.043), (0.139±0.039), (0.127±0.034), (0.131±0.043) and (0.139±0.042)D in emmetropic group, and (0.178±0.043), (0.164±0.043), (0.159±0.039), (0.174±0.042), (0.166±0.036), (0.159±0.031) and (0.174±0.035)D in myopic group, respectively, showing statistically significant differences between them ( Fgroup=12.146, P<0.01; Flight=2.782, P<0.05). The accommodative microfluctuations under the 7 light conditions were higher in myopic group than in emmetropic group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). In myopes, the accommodative microfluctuation was the largest under red light, which was significantly larger than that under blue light, and was the smallest under blue+ green light (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the accommodative microfluctuation between bichromatic light and its two monochromatic lights, or between the polychromatic light (white light) and its three monochromatic lights (all at P>0.05). There was no significant effect of various chromatic lights on the accommodative microfluctuation in emmetropic group (all at P>0.05). Conclusions:The accommodative microfluctuation is greater in myopes than in emmetropes.The stimuli produced by long-wavelength light cause larger accommodative microfluctuation, while conflicting stimuli generated by different chromatic lights do not increase accommodative microfluctuation.

Neurophilic herpesvirus: a powerful tool for neuroscience research / 生物工程学报

Viruses are powerful tools for the study of modern neurosciences. Most of the research on the connection and function of neurons were done by using recombinant viruses, among which neurotropic herpesvirus is one of the most important tools. With the continuous development of genetic engineering and molecular biology techniques, several recombinant neurophilic herpesviruses have been engineered into different viral tools for neuroscience research. This review describes and discusses several common and widely used neurophilic herpesviruses as nerve conduction tracers, viral vectors for neurological diseases, and lytic viruses for neuro-oncology applications, which provides a reference for further exploring the function of neurophilic herpesviruses.

Advances in methodologies for evaluating cell-mediated immune responses / 生物工程学报

Cell-mediated immune response is an important part of machinery in maintaining the body's homeostasis. After the innate immune system selectively activates the adaptive immune system, the cell-mediated immunity exerts its killing and clearance functions. Therefore, evaluating the level of cell-mediated immune response is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, monitoring the immune status after organ transplantation, diagnosing and preventing viral diseases, and evaluating the effectiveness of vaccines and other areas. From the initial overall assessment of the immune effects in vivo to the precise detection of the number and function of multiple immune cells, the evaluation methods of cell-mediated immune response have greatly advanced. However, cell-mediated immune response involves multiple levels in the body, and it's difficult to choose the numerous detection methods available. The article systematically compares the evaluation methods of cell-mediated immune response at four different levels: the organism, the tissue and organ, the immune cells and the immune molecules, with the aim to facilitate the applications of related technologies.

Insomnia Burden among Informal Caregivers of Hospitalized Lung Cancer Patients and Its Influencing Factors / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to reveal the insomnia burden and relevant influencing factors among informal caregivers (ICs) of hospitalized patients with lung cancer.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study on ICs of hospitalized patients with lung cancer was conducted from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. ICs' burden was assessed using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Linear and logistic regression models were used to identify the influencing factors.@*RESULTS@#Among 289 ICs of hospitalized patients with lung cancer, 83 (28.72%), 53 (18.34%), and 14 (4.84%) ICs experienced mild, moderate, and severe insomnia, respectively. The scores concerning self-esteem, lack of family support, financial problems, disturbed schedule, and health problems were 4.32 ± 0.53, 2.24 ± 0.79, 2.84 ± 1.14, 3.63 ± 0.77, and 2.44 ± 0.95, respectively. ICs with higher Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS) scores were associated with a lower risk of insomnia, with an odd ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of 0.940 (0.898-0.983). Among the ICs, female gender ( OR = 2.597), alcohol consumption ( OR = 3.745), underlying medical conditions ( OR = 11.765), long-term caregiving experience ( OR = 37.037), and higher monthly expenses ( OR = 5.714) were associated with a high risk of insomnia.@*CONCLUSION@#Of the hospitalized patients with lung cancer, 51.9% experienced insomnia. Patients' ADL, ICs gender, alcohol consumption, underlying medical conditions, caregiving duration, and monthly expenses were influencing factors. Therefore, prompt screening and early intervention for ICs of patients with lung cancer is necessary.

TRIM21 suppresses invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by promoting β-catenin ubiquitylation and degradation / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of TRIM21 in modulating the invasive phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its mechanism of action.@*METHODS@#RNA interference technique was used to knock down the expression of TRIM21 and β-catenin, alone or in combination, in HCC cell lines 97H and LM3, and the interfering efficiency and the activity of closely related pathways were determined using Western blotting. The two cells with TRIM21 knockdown (siTRIM21 97H and siTRIM21 LM3 cells) were assessed for their invasion ability in vitro using Transwell invasion assay, and the lung metastasis capacity of siTRIM21 LM3 cells following tail vein injection was evaluated in nude mice. The binding of TRIM21 with β-catenin and the ubiquitylation level of β-catenin in TRIM21-overexpressing HEK293 cells were determined with Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation assay. We also compared the overall survival of patients with CTNNB1highTRIM21high and CTNNB1highTRIM21low HCC subtypes using Kaplan-Meier method based on filtrated and grouped HCC clinical data from TCGA database.@*RESULTS@#TRIM21 knockdown significantly enhanced the invasion ability of 97H and LM3 cells in vitro (P < 0.01 or 0.05) and the lung metastasis ability of LM3 cells in nude mice (P < 0.01), and simultaneous knockdown of β -catenin obviously suppressed the in vitro invasiveness of the cells (P < 0.0001 or 0.05). Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that TRIM21 was capable of directly binding with β-catenin protein to accelerate the ubiquitination and degradation of the latter, leading to inhibition of nuclear translocation of β-catenin and hence reduced invasiveness of HCC cells. Bioinformatic analysis showed that compared patients with CTNNB1highTRIM21low HCC subtype where Wnt pathway was activated, the patients with CTNNB1highTRIM21high HCC subtype had a significantly better survival outcomes (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#A high expression of TRIM21 suppresses the invasion of HCC cells by promoting β-catenin ubiquitylation and degradation, which possibly explains the poor prognosis of CTNNB1highTRIM21low HCC patients.

Cross-sectional study of association between dietary pattern and cognitive performance in people aged 50 and above years in Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the association between dietary pattern and cognitive performance in local residents aged ≥50 years in Shanghai. Methods: Data were obtained from the second round of Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey in Shanghai. Dietary patterns were surveyed by factor analysis. Cognitive tests were conducted to assess subjects' cognitive performance, including verbal recall, verbal fluency and digit test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and cognition performance. Results: A total of 4 132 subjects with complete dietary and cognitive performance test data were included. Factor analysis was used to obtain three dietary patterns: including plant-based pattern, high animal-food pattern, high salt-oil pattern. After controlling for gender, age, education level and other factors, it was found that plant-based pattern (β=0.26,95%CI: 0.17-0.36) and high animal-food pattern (β=0.18, 95%CI:0.06-0.29) were positively associated with total cognitive test score while high salt-oil pattern (β=-0.28, 95%CI:-0.85--0.07) was negatively associated with verbal fluency test score. Conclusion: A dietary pattern with high intake of plant food and appropriate intake of animal food might be associated with better cognitive function of residents aged ≥50 years.

Epidemiological and etiological analysis of two infantile cases of serogroup B epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis epidemics in Shandong Province, 2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Two cases of epidemic situation of serogroup B meningitis in infants in Shandong Province in 2021 were investigated. Samples of cases and their close contacts were collected for isolation, culture and identification of Neisseria meningitides (Nm). The isolates were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing, outer membrane protein porA and fetA genotyping and drug sensitivity test. Two laboratory-confirmed outbreaks of serogroup B meningitis were reported from Yantai city and Linyi city. The indicated cases were infants aged 5 months and 2 months old respectively. They were not vaccinated with meningitis vaccine. Their epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations were similar and the prognosis was good. The same sequence type (ST) of serogroup B Nm strains as the indicated cases was detected in the samples of close family contacts, but without subsequent cases. Among them, Yantai strain was were identified as the type ST-8920, belonging to CC4821 clonal complex, and the genotypes of porA and fetA were p1.21-2, 23 and F3-1. Linyi strain was a new type, belonging to CC4821 clonal complex and the genotypes of porA and fetA were p1.20, 23 and F1-91. The above strains were resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and Chemitrim, and their sensitivity to cephalosporin decreased. Two cases of infant serogroup B epidemic were relatively rare in China, which were different from the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of other Nm serogroups in the past.

Mechanism of Huang'e Capsule in treatment of chronic prostatitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Huang'e capsule in the treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:The drug ingredients of Huang'e Capsule were screened by searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM), and some other literature materials. The drug component targets were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction, and the CP disease targets were obtained using GeneCards, OMIM, and GisGeNET. The intersection targets were obtained by Venny 2.1.0. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were carried out by Metascape. The "drug-ingredient-target-pathway" network was established by Cytoscape software. Molecular docking was carried out with PubChem, PDB, PyMoL, and AutoDock.Results:It was found that 142 active ingredients in Huang'e Capsule acted directly on 286 disease targets through multiple pathways for CP treatment, with cyasterone, morin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and isorhamnetin as core ingredients and ESR1, CDK1, APP, SYK, and EGFR as core targets. GO enrichment analysis showed that the most likely related BP of the intersection genes mainly includes cellular reaction to nitrogen-containing compounds, inorganic substances, organic cyclic compounds, etc., CCs mainly involved in membrane rafts, receptor complexes, membrane sides, etc., and MF includes protein kinase activity, nuclear receptor activity, and kinase binding, etc. It can be found in KEGG enrichment analysis that Huang'e Capsule is mainly involved in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway and the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Molecular docking indicated that the core target had a great affinity with the core active ingredients of the Huang'e Capsule.Conclusions:Huang'e Capsule is mainly used to treat CP by modulating the disease targets such as ESR1, CDK1, APP, SYK, and EGFR of PI3K/Akt, HIF-1 and other signaling pathways, interfering with enzyme activity, inflammatory reactions, and other biological processes.

Ubiquitin⁃like Protein UBQLN2 Exerts Tumor Suppressor Effect by Inhibiting Activation of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Colon Cancer / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Colon cancer is a malignant tumor that harms human health. In spite of significant progress in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, the prognosis for patients with colon cancer remains poor. Ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) is a member of the ubiquitin family, actively implicated in the degradation of misfolded and redundant proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and macroautophagy. However, the role and mechanism of UBQLN2 in colon cancer are not clear. This study was designed to explore the role of UBQLN2 in colon cancer and whether the Wnt pathway is involved. IHC and Western blotting analysis showed lower UBQLN2 expression in colon cancer tissues and cells (P<0. 05), and exhibited a negative correlation of UBQLN2 expression with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P< 0. 05). CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that UBQLN2 expression could inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis (P<0. 05). Western blotting analysis reveals that suppression of UBQLN2 enhances Bcl-2 expression but inhibits Bax and Wnt signaling. Taken together, these results showed that UBQLN2 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through suppressing the Wnt signaling pathway.

Collection of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cells in patients with sequential double transplantation of solid tumors and effect analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the methods and safety of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cells collection in patients with sequential double transplantation of solid tumors and conduct efficacy analysis. 【Methods】 Peripheral blood stem cells were collected from 27 patients with solid tumors after routine mobilization of rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF.A specific program was made for the patients.The condition and cooperation degree of children were comprehensively evaluated before cell collection, and a femoral venous catheterization was inserted to ensure the cells collected smoothly.A mononuclear cell collection(MNC) program was selected, and machine parameters were set based on the patient's low body weight.The number of mononuclear cell (MNC) and the CD34+ cell was detected by flow cytometry for retrospective analysis. 【Results】 A total of 73 cell collections were performed in 27 patients, and the number of mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells was 12.586(10.22~19.586)×108/kg and 13.575(7.275~23.825)×106/kg, respectively, which can meet the requirement of sequential double transplantation. No intoxication of citrate and other serious adverse reactions occurred, and the follow-up was generally in good condition. 【Conclusion】 The method is effective and safe for pediatric patients, even for pediatric patients with low weight. Sufficient stem cells can be collected for patients with solid tumors by this method to meet the requirement of sequential double transplantation.

Relationship between the circular RNA_0005414 expression level and the islet cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 and islet cell function in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods:A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes and 106 cases of normal glucose tolerance (control group) in Uygur populations, 64 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 63 cases of normal glucose tolerance (control group) in Han populations were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test chemistry panel. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β cell function (HOMA-β) were evaluated by homeostasis model as islet cell function indexes. The differentially expressed circular RNAs were screened using RNA sequencing from the peripheral blood monocytes of 5 Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and matched controls. The expression level of a significantly up-regulated circular RNA_0005414 was detected and verified, and the relationship between the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 and islet cell function was analyzed.Results:Differential expression profiles of circular RNAs were found in Uygur type 2 diabetic patients . The expression level of circular RNA_0005414 in Uygur type 2 diabetic group was higher than that in Uygur control group ( P<0.01), the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 in Han type 2 diabetic group was higher than that in Han control group ( P<0.01), the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 in Uygur type 2 diabetes group was higher than that in Han type 2 diabetes group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). In the Uyghur and Han groups, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression level of circular RNA_0005414 was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, 2 h plasma glucose after glucose loading, HbA 1C, total cholesterol, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR ( P<0.05) and negatively correlated with HOMA-β ( P<0.01). Partial correlation analysis showed that circular RNA_0005414 expression level was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose, HbA 1C, and HOMA-IR ( P<0.01). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that circular RNA_0005414 was the only factor affecting HOMA-β in Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion:The expression level of circular RNA_0005414 was closely related to islet cell function in Uygur type 2 diabetes patients, the up-regulation of circular RNA_0005414 may be involved in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes in Uygur.

Role of microglia in vascular cognitive impairment / 国际脑血管病杂志

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a clinical syndrome with impairment of at least one cognitive domain caused by vascular risk factors or cerebrovascular diseases, and its pathogenesis is not completely clear so far. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain. They participate in many processes such as neuroinflammation, synaptic pruning, myelin regeneration, neurogenesis and connection. They are associated with the occurrence and development of various neurological diseases such as cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism. Recent studies have shown that microglia play an important role in the development of VCI. This article reviews the role of microglia in VCI.

Research Progress on Active Ingredients of Flavonoids in Traditional Chinese Medicine Dendrobium / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Dendrobium（Orchidaceae） is traditional Chinese medicine with a high healthcare value，which can nourish Yin and tonify deficiency. Eighty-nine flavonoids were isolated from Dendrobium，mainly including flavones，flavanoes and flavonols. Among them，there were 40 flavonoids，the main aglycones were apigenin and chrysoeriol；20 flavanones；and 15 flavonols，and the main aglycones were kaempferol and quercetin. D. officinale and several other species also have flavanonols，anthocyanidins，chalcone and isoflavones. There were 34 species of Dendrobium containing flavonoids，including 38 flavonoids in D. officinale，28 flavonoids in D. huoshanense，19 flavonoids in D. devonianum，12 flavonoids in D. wardianum，5 flavonoids in D. thyrsiflorum，4 flavonoids in D. denneanum and D. findlayanum. Common flavonoids included naringenin，quercetin，rutin，which had pharmacological effects of resisting oxidation，lowering blood sugar，improving blood circulation，lowing cholesterol，and protecting the cardiovascular system. The existing studies of Dendrobium-related species，flavonoids and their physiological functions were reviewed in the expectation to promote the attention of the industry to Dendrobium flavonoids and explore values of Dendrobium plants in efficacy and food fields.

Effect of Ranae Oviductus on Follicular Development Based on PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Ranae Oviductus (RO) on ovarian follicular development， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway， and pregnancy function in rats, and the estrogen-like mechanism of OR. Method:Seventy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a progynova+ luteohormone group (1 mg·kg^-1+40 mg·kg^-1), a clomiphene group (10 mg·kg^-1), and high-dose(400 mg·kg^-1) and low-dose(200 mg·kg^-1) RO groups. Rats were administered correspondingly by gavage for eight weeks. After seven weeks of intragastric administration, the estrus cycle of all rats was measured. After eight weeks of intragastric administration， four rats from each group were selected to give birth. For other rats, blood was collected on the day of estrus， and the serum levels of estradiol (E₂)，progesterone (P)， testosterone (T)， follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)， and luteotropic hormone (LH) were detected. Uterus and ovaries were extracted and weighed to calculate organ index. One ovary was made into pathological sections, and the follicles at different developmental stages and corpus luteum were counted. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）and Western blot were performed on the other ovary to detect mRNA and protein changes in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Forty female Kunming mice were randomly divided into a normal group and RO groups (400 mg·kg^-1) with 14 days， 28 days， and 56 days of intervention. Mice in the RO groups were raised with male mice in cages after intragastric administration of OR for 14， 28， and 56 days， respectively. After 18 days, the number of intrauterine fetuses on both sides and the number of stunted fetuses were counted. Result:After eight weeks of intragastric administration of OR， the rats showed decreased uterine index (<italic>P</italic><0.05)， declining serum LH (<italic>P</italic><0.05)， reduced luteum (<italic>P</italic><0.01)， dwindled primary follicles (<italic>P</italic><0.05)， and increased rate of follicle atresia (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Additionally， more luteal or interstitial glands degenerated into interstitial structures in the ovarian cortex in a short time. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K and Akt in the ovary were elevated (<italic>P</italic><0.01)， while the mRNA expression levels of mTOR and PTEN were reduced (<italic>P</italic><0.01). The phosphorylation level of Akt protein showed a downward trend without significant difference. For the rats， the number of fetuses was decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.05). The pregnancy rate of mice was decreased to varying degrees after administration of RO for different durations， with the lowest in the 14 day RO group， as low as 30%. After 28 days of intragastric administration of RO， the difference in left and right uterine pregnancy increased (<italic>P</italic><0.05). Conclusion:Long-term administration of RO can lead to premature ovarian failure by over-stimulating the ovary， which is similar to clomiphene. Short-term administration can result in decreased pregnancy rate， excessive ovulation on one side， and inhibition of ovulation on the other side. The influence on follicles needs further exploration.

Prognosis and Related Factors of Patients with Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Gastric Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the related factors of pathological complete response(pCR)of patients with gastric cancer treated by neoadjuvant therapy and resection,and to analyze the risk factors of prognosis. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 490 patients with gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical gastrectomy from January to December in 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors affecting pCR and prognosis. Results Among the 490 patients,41 achieved pCR,and the overall pCR rate was 8.3%(41/490).The pCR rate was 16.0% in the neoadjuvant chemoradiation group and 6.4% in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group.The results of multivariate analysis showed that neoadjuvant chemoradiation(