Empagliflozin ameliorates renal tissue damage in diabetic nephropathy mice through autophagy-lysosome pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effeots of empagliflozin on kidney tissue and autophagy-lysosome pathway in diabetio kidney disease (DKD) mice. Methods The db/m group as the control group, the db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group and empagliflozin group. After 8 weeks of administration, the levels of 24 h urine protein (24 h-UTP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBAlc), total cholestérol (TC), triglycéride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were detected. The expression of p62, LC3B, Beclinl, Agt7, LAMP1, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and Bax in kidney tissue was measured by Western blot. The pathological changes of kidney were observed under light microscope. Results Compared with the control group, the model group showed thickening of basement membrane, increased extracellular matrix, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis (P < 0. 01). Moreover, the model group had higher content of FBG, HBAlc, 24h-UTP, TC, TG, BUN, Scr, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 (P < 0. 01), higher expression of LC3B-/LC3B- I, Beclinl, LAMP1, Agt7 and Bcl-2 (P<0. 01), and lower expression of p62, caspase-3 and Bax in rénal tissue (P < 0. 01) than those in the control group. Compared with the model group, empagliflozin alleviated the pathological injury in kidney (P < 0. 01), and the changes in the above indicators were reversed. Conclusion By irepairing autophagy-lysosomal pathway in renal tissue, empagliflozin can promote the degradation of autophagy substrates, inhibit the production of inflammatory factors and apoptosis, thereby protecting the kidney.

Guiding mechanism of platycodin D in treatment of mouse lung cancer with doxorubicin / 中国中药杂志

This study is to observe whether platycodin D has the guiding role in treatment of mouse lung cancer with doxorubicin and explore its guiding mechanism. In vitro, platycodin D and doxorubicin(alone or in combination) were added into Lewis lung cancer(LLC) cells to detect the cell proliferation and doxorubicin uptake. Cell morphological changes were analyzed by cell holographic analysis system; cell gap junctional intercellular communication(GJIC) was tested by fluorescent yellow tracer; lyso-tracker red was used to examine lysosomal function; LC-3 B(Light chain 3 beta)and P62(heat shock 90-like protein)staining were used to test auto-phagy and autophagic degradation respectively; and P-glycoprotein(P-gp) expression was examined by Western blot. In vivo, lung solid tumor was formed in mouse LLC cells via intravenous injection. Platycodin D and doxorubicin(alone or in combination) were used to treat tumor-bearing mice for four weeks, and then the tumor size was examined, mouse survival time was recorded, doxorubicin uptake in lung tissues was tested, and lung tissues were stained for observation by HE(hematoxylin-eosin) and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that platycodin D at the experimental concentration had no effect on LLC cell proliferation but decreased LLC cell volume, promoted the cells to uptake doxorubicin and enhanced the inhibitory action of doxorubicin on cell proliferation. Platycodin D could promote GJIC and lysosomal function, increase autophagy and autophagic degradation and suppress P-gp expression. Platycodin D at the experimental dose in this study had no effect on LLC lung solid tumors in mice, increased doxorubicin uptake in lung tissues and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin on lung solid tumors. Platycodin D could improve the extracellular matrix deposition in lung solid tumors, decreased the lung mucin 5 AC secretion and pulmonary vessel permeability. In summary, platycodin D had the guiding role in treating mouse lung cancer with doxorubicin, and its guiding mechanism may be associated with the promotion of cell communication, lysosomal function, and improvement of extracellular environment.

Exploration of an Efficient Simultaneous Molecular Detection Method of HIV, HCV, and Syphilis from a Single Dried Blood Spot / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA using one dried blood spot (DBS) as an alternative sample to plasma.@*Method@#A total of 571 paired DBS/plasma samples were collected from men who have sex with men (MSM) and injection drug users (IDUs), and serological and molecular assays were performed. Using plasma results as the reference standard, the performance of DBS tests for HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA was evaluated. Pearson's correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to assess the correlation and concordance between DBS and plasma.@*Results@#Among paired plasma/DBS samples with detectable HIV-1 RNA and HCV RNA, five samples (5/32) were not detectable in DBS, while measurable HIV-1 RNA levels were present in plasma (1.44 to 3.99 log @*Conclusion@#The performance of the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA using one DBS was acceptable. DBS, as an alternative sample to plasma, may be a viable option for the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA, and HCV RNA in resource-limited settings or for individuals living in areas that are difficult to access.

Clinical observation on electroacupuncture plus Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) for knee osteoarthritis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) plus Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: A total of 60 patients with KOA were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. Patients in the observation group received the treatment of EA plus Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises), while patients in the control group only received EA treatment. Both groups were treated for 5 weeks. The changes of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the two groups were observed after treatment. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group (92.3％) was significantly higher than that in the control group (70.0％), (P<0.05); the WOMAC and VAS scores in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, showing statistical significance (all P<0.01); there were significant differences in the post-treatment changes in the WOMAC and VAS scores between the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: EA plus Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) is clinically effective for KOA. This combined treatment can alleviate clinical symptoms.

Therapeutic effect of different doses of atorvastatin on patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and its influence on blood lipids and cardiac diastolic function / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To explore therapeutic effect of different doses of atorvastatin on patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its influence on levels of blood lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), advanced glycosylation end product (AGEs) and cardiac diastolic function. Methods: A total of 96 DCM patients treated in our hospital were selected, randomly and equally divided into routine dose group (received atorvastatin of routine dose, 20mg/d) and double dose group (received atorvastatin of double dose, 40mg/d), and both groups were treated for four weeks. Levels of blood glucose, blood lipids, HbA1c, AGEs and cardiac diastolic function were measured and compared between two groups before and after treatment, and clinical therapeutic effect and safety were assessed. Results: After treatment, total effective rate of double dose group was significantly higher than that of routine dose group (91. 67％ vs. 72. 92％, P=0. 032); compared with routine treatment group after treatment, there were significant reductions in levels of blood glucose, blood lipids [except high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], HbA1c [(7. 58±1. 47) ％ vs. (6. 18±1. 35) ％], AGEs [(12. 45±2. 36) μg/ml vs. (7. 62±1. 54) μg/ml]and mitral early diastolic peak flow velocity/early mitral annulus diastolic peak velocity [E/Ea: (7. 54±1. 36) vs. (5. 27± 1. 09)], and significant rise in HDL-C level and mitral early diastolic peak flow velocity/mitral late diastolic peak flow velocity [E/A: (1. 25±0. 32) vs. (1. 57±0. 41)] in double dose group, P=0. 001 all. There was no significant difference in incidence rate of adverse reactions between two groups, P=0. 712. Conclusion: In DCM patients, double dose atorvastatin can more effectively regulate blood lipid level, reduce serum levels of HbA1c and AGEs, and improve cardiac diastolic function with more significant therapeutic effect.

New situation and new strategies——research and development and internationalization of new drugs and health products of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

The 2017 China (Lianyungang) International Medical Technology Conference was held in Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province during November 15-17,2017.During this conference,the Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of Chinese Pharmacological Society (CNPHARS) and Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.jointly held the Forum on R&D and Interna-tionalization of New Drugs and Health Products of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The forum was co-chaired by Professor ZHANG Yong-xiang, President of CNPHARS, Chair of Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of CNPHARS,and Chair of the Natural Product Section of Inter-national Union of Basic&Clinical Pharmacology(IUPHAR), Professor DU Guan-hua,former President of CNPHARS and Vice-Chair of Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of CNPHARS,and Dr.XIAO Wei,Chairman of the Board of Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. And Vice-Chair of Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of CNPHARS. More than 70 scholars attended the forum, including four foreign experts [Michael SPEDDING, Secretary-General of IUPHAR; Professor Valérie B. SCHINI-KERTH, Vice-Chair of the Natural Product Section of IUPHAR; Professor Cherry WAINWRGHT, Director of Centre for Natural Product Drugs of Robert Gordon University; Professor InKyeom KIM, Director of the Korean Society of Pharmacology], members of the Division for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products Pharmacology of CNPHARS and leading researchers at Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.GU Jin-hui,Director of the Division of National Science and Technology Major Project for Drug Innovation,Department of Health Science,Technology and Education,National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China was also invited to attend the forum. Representatives discussed the R&D and internationalization of new drugs and health products of traditional Chinese medicine.The summary of views and advice of some experts was published here for the purpose of promoting domestic and overseas academic exchange, and playing an active role in improving the level of R&D and internationalization of new drugs and health products of traditional Chinese medicine in China.

Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction protects against chronic cerebral ischemia injury in rats and profile of differentially expression proteins analysis in hippocampus / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Vascular dementia (VD) refers to a progressive decline in memory and cognitive function caused by chronic cerebral ischemia. 2-Vessels occlusion (2-VO) has been widely used as a model of VD. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescrip-tion,has been widely used to treat stroke and sequelae of stroke.The present study was to investigate the mechanism of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction(XXM) against chronic cerebral ischemia injury in rats. METHODS After XXM treatment, rats were performed a memory testing with Morris water maze and motor ability testing using prehensile test and inclined screen test.Neuronal plasticity was observed by immunofluorescent staining with MAP2 antibody. Differentially expressed proteins of rat hippocampus were analyzed by Label-free quantitative proteomics. RESULTS XXM significantly alleviated 2-VO-induced learning and memory deficits, motor ability dysfunction, and neuronal plasticity injury in rats. The mechanism might be involved in up-regulation of 39 proteins and down-regulation of 13 proteins in the hippocampus of rats after XXM treatment vs 2-VO group rats.Gene ontology and pathway analysis showed that the regulated proteins are mainly involved in oxidation reduction process, intracellular signaling cascade process, and protein catabolic process, etc. The signal pathways are mainly involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. CONCLUSION Current findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of XXM on chronic cerebral ischemia.

Influence of Age and Education on Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Choices among Chinese Consumers in Shenyang, China

Introduction: Consumers seldom pay attention to the nutritional aspects of food during purchasing. The study examined the influence of age and level of education on the nutrition knowledge and dietary choices of a sample of Chinese consumers. Methods: Probability and non-probability sampling methods were used to select four supermarkets and subjects for this cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted in Shenyang, the capital city of Liaoning Province in China. A response rate of 95.9% was obtained after retrieving 400 questionnaires out of 417 distributed. Results: About two-thirds (615%) of the respondents rated their nutrition knowledge level as "fair". Independent t-test revealed a significant age difference in knowledge levels (t (398) = 5.467, p < 0.01 (two-tailed)] with 7.0% (eta square (re) = 0.070) of the variance in nutritional knowledge explained by age groups. Significant differences (p < 0.01) in knowledge level jF (2, 397) = 7.765, p = 0.00] were also observed among the three educational groups using one-way ANOVA, with nutritional knowledge accounting for 19.1% (eta square (re) = 0.191) of the variance. However, age and level of education did not present any significant influence on the respondents' food choices. The results suggest that nutrition knowledge increased with age and level of education, but did not sufficiently affect food choices. Conclusion: Supportive nutrition education on use of label information complemented with practical use of such information may augment nutrition knowledge and assist consumers to make healthy food choices

Influence of Age and Education on Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Choices among Chinese Consumers in Shenyang, China

Introduction: Consumers seldom pay attention to the nutritional aspects of food during purchasing. The study examined the influence of age and level of education on the nutrition knowledge and dietary choices of a sample of Chinese consumers. Methods: Probability and non-probability sampling methods were used to select four supermarkets and subjects for this cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted in Shenyang, the capital city of Liaoning Province in China. A response rate of 95.9% was obtained after retrieving 400 questionnaires out of 417 distributed. Results: About two-thirds (615%) of the respondents rated their nutrition knowledge level as "fair". Independent t-test revealed a significant age difference in knowledge levels (t (398) = 5.467, p < 0.01 (two-tailed)] with 7.0% (eta square (re) = 0.070) of the variance in nutritional knowledge explained by age groups. Significant differences (p < 0.01) in knowledge level jF (2, 397) = 7.765, p = 0.00] were also observed among the three educational groups using one-way ANOVA, with nutritional knowledge accounting for 19.1% (eta square (re) = 0.191) of the variance. However, age and level of education did not present any significant influence on the respondents' food choices. The results suggest that nutrition knowledge increased with age and level of education, but did not sufficiently affect food choices. Conclusion: Supportive nutrition education on use of label information complemented with practical use of such information may augment nutrition knowledge and assist consumers to make healthy food choices.

Effect of high power microwave radiation on liver injury and serum cytokine in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the effect of high power microwave (HPM) radiation on morphology of liver cells and serum cytokines in rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to 100 mW/cm2 intensity microwave radiation as experimental group, and rats without radiation were designed as normal controls. The blood samples were obtained from the hearts to determine the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukin (IL)-6,IL-10 and IL-18 on 1d,7d and 14d after HPM radiation. Finally the rats were sacrificed and the right leaf tissues of liver were obtained immediately under ice bath, and the hepatic tissue changes were observed under routine light microscope. Results: There were inflammatory cell infiltration, scattered, and patched cell degradation, and necrosis in rat hepatic lobule on 1d and 7d after HPM radiation; the situation was improved on 14 d after radiation, but there were still cell degradation and dotted necrosis. Serum levels of AST and ALT in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group on 1d and 7d after HPM radiation (P0.05). Serum levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-18 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group on 1d and 7d after HPM radiation (P<0.01), and the changes recovered somewhat on 14d after radiation. Level of IL-10 was decreased after radiation compared with the control group, with significant difference found on 1d after radiation (P<0.05). Conclusion: HPM radiation can cause damage to liver structure and function, which might be associated with the changes of serum IL-6,IL-10 and IL-18 levels.

Isolation and diversity analyses of endophytic fungi from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中国中药杂志

The paper is aimed at studying the diversity of endophytic fungi community from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and to provide a scientific basis for the utilization value of the endophytic fungi as bioactive material resources. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from roots, rhizomes and leaves of wild P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis collected from Baoshan, Heqing county and Songming city of Yunnan province, and identified and classified by morphological methods together with its ITS sequence analysis. Seven and forty-nine strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. They were identified belonging to 41 genus. In these 41 genus, 3 genus exist in root only, 12 genus only exist in rhizome and 8 genus only exist in leaf. There was difference in endophytic fungi isolated from different sample sites. Endophytic fungi diversity from rhizomes of Heqing site was the highest. Endophytic fungi similarity coefficient was low among different sites and tissues. Based on these results, it is reasonable to propose that endophytic fungi of P. polyphylla var. yannanensis from different tissue and different sample sites has a certain difference which is possibly relate to their different habitats, different structure and composition of each tissue.

The clinical significance of inflammatory cytokines in acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis developed in hospitalized postoperative patients with abdominal/pelvic malignancies / 肿瘤

Objective: To explore the association of inflammatory cytokines including CRP (C-reactive protein), IL-6 (interleukin 6), IL-10 (interleukin 10), NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) and Es (E-selectin) with acute lower extremity DVT (deep venous thrombosis) developed in hospitalized postoperative patients with abdominal/pelvic malignancies. Methods: Serum samples were obtained to examine the serum levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κB and Es in hospitalized postoperative patients with abdominal/pelvic malignancies who initially developed acute lower extremity DVT (group A, n = 40), and these serum cytokine levels of group A were compared with those of hospitalized postoperative patients with abdominal/pelvic benign diseases who also developed acute lower extremity DVS (group B, n = 20), the hospitalized postoperative patients with abdominal/pelvic malignancies who did not develop acute lower extremity DVS (group C, n = 40), and the healthy subjects who volunteered as normal controls (group D, n = 20). Results: The serum levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κB and Es in group D were significantly lower than those in groups A, B and C (P 0.05). The serum levels of IL-6, NF-κB and Es in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C (P < 0.05). The serum level of IL-10 in group A was significantly lower than those in groups B and C (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Serum CRP level may not be used as an early predictor for the diagnosis of acute lower extremity DVT developed in hospitalized postoperative patients with abdominal/pelvic malignancies, but the serum IL-6, NF-κB and Es levels can be used as early predictors for this diagnosis. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Clinical analysis for the application of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of patients with a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion

To report our experience and to evaluate the application of endoscopic ultrasonography [EUS] in the qualitative diagnosis of retroperitoneal space-occupying lesions. Twenty-six patients with retroperitoneal space-occupying lesions confirmed by CT or MRI were studied. All the patients underwent endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration [EUS-FNA] at the Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China from August 2009 to August 2011. Different parameters were evaluated, such as complications of EUS-FNA, the ratio of definite pathological diagnosis, and the pathologic types of all the specimens. Of the 26 patients, 24 had definite pathological diagnosis; the ratio of histodiagnosis was 92.3%. There were no complications such as hemorrhage, infection, or injury to the abdominal viscera in the process of EUS-FNA. Eight patients had benign tumors, with a ratio of 33.3%, and 16 patients had malignant tumors, with a ratio of 66.7%. Two patients had no definite pathological diagnosis because of the shortness of tissue sample. Eight patients did not undergo operation due to the diagnosis of benign tumors. The EUS-FNA has the advantage of lower complications, and higher diagnostic ratio, which is valuable in the qualitative diagnosis of retroperitoneal space-occupying lesions

Effects of Chinese materia medica of qi benefiting, yin nourishing, stasis removing, and collaterals dredging and their dissembled recipes on nephrin of diabetes mellitus model rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Chinese materia medica (CMM) of qi benefiting, yin nourishing, stasis removing, and collaterals dredging (QBYNSRCD) and their dissembled recipes on nephrin of diabetes mellitus (DM) model rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The DM model was induced by high fat diet combined with low dose STZ. Rats in the normal control group (abbreviated as Group N) and the model group (abbreviated as Group M) were administered with ultrapure water at corresponding volume by gastrogavage. Rats in the CMM of QBYNSRCD treatment group (abbreviated as Group YHT) were administered with CMM of QBYNSRCD, composed of milkvetch root, rehmannia root, danshen root, chuanxiong (2 packages each), solomonseal, earth worm, leech, and scorpion (1 package each), which was administered at 1.0 g/kg. Rats in the CMM of qi benefiting, yin nourishing, and stasis removing (QBYNSR) treatment group (abbreviated as Group YT) were administered with CMM of QBYNSR, composed of milkvetch root, rehmannia root, danshen root, chuanxiong (2 packages each), and solomonseal (1 package each), which was administered at 0. 92 g/kg. Rats in the CMM of qi benefiting, yin nourishing, and collaterals dredging (QBYNCD) treatment group (abbreviated as Group YT) were administered with CMM of QBYNCD, composed of milkvetch root, rehmannia root (2 packages each), solomonseal, earth worm, leech, and scorpion (1 package each), which was administered at 0.79 g/kg. The volume was set to 1 mL/100 g, once daily by gastrogavage, for total 32 weeks. Rats' body weight was measured. By the end of medication, urinary creatinine (UCr), 24-h urinary albumin (U-alb), and urinary nephrin (U-nephrin), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine (SCr), and nephrin of kidney tissues homogenate (K-nephrin) were detected. The renal tissue sections were stained with Masson. The pathomorphological changes were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The body weight of rats in Group N increased gradually. After modeling, the body weight of rats in Group M and all medicated groups obviously decreased. Compared with Group M, the decreased body weight was not obvious in all medicated groups, still showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). Compared with Group N, U-alb and U-nephrin in Group M significantly increased (P < 0.01) in a positive linear correlation (r = 0.941, P = 0.017). K-nephrin significantly decreased, and K-nephrin had a negative linear correlation with U-alb (r = -0. 987, P = 0.002). FBG, CCr, and HbA1c significantly increased (P < 0.01). Glomeruli were obviously enlarged under light microscope, with obviously increased extracellular matrix accumulation. Compared with Group M, corresponding indices were obviously improved ( P < 0.01) except FBG and HbA1c in Group YT. As for inter-group comparison among all medicated groups, the improvement of CCr was the best in Group YHT with statistical difference shown (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference for the rest indices (P > 0.05). When compared with Group M, the hypertrophy of glomerulus was not so obvious in all medicated groups. Neither was extracellular matrix accumulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CMM of QBYNSRCD and dissembled recipes showed renal protection on DM model rats. One of its action pathways might be reducing the loss of nephrin, thus reducing U-alb.</p>

Clinical observation of treating early diabetic nephropathy by qi supplementing, yin nourishing, blood stasis dispersing, collateral dredging recipe / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effects of qi supplementing, yin nourishing, blood stasis dispersing, collateral dredging recipe (QYBCR) on early diabetic nephropathy (DN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-eight early DN patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (39 cases, treated by QYBCR) and the control group (39 cases, treated by irbesartan). The changes of the therapeutic efficacy, Chinese medicine syndrome scores, urine albumin excretion rate (UAER), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and the occurrence of end-point events were observed after one-year treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate in treatment group was 83.8% (31/37 cases), which was obviously higher than that in control group (60.5%, 23/38 cases) (P < 0.05). After treatment the Chinese medicine syndrome scores were reduced significantly in the treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and showed significant difference when compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Levels of UAER, SCr, BUN, FBG, TC, and TG were (65. 78 +/- 9.67) microg/min, (93.20 +/- 12.99) micromol/L, (5.69 +/- 1.21) mmol/L, (6.14 +/- 1.47) mmol/L, (4. 85 +/- 0. 83) mmol/L, (1.46 +/- 0.81) mmol/L after treatment in treatment group. All of them decreased more significantly than before treatment [(161.03 +/- 20.01) microg/min, (101.11 +/- 14.33) micromol/L, (6.54 +/- 1.12) mmol/L, (9.27 +/- 2.32) mmol/L, (6. 19 +/- 2.13) mmol/L, (2. 70 +/- 1.86) mmol/L] (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The aforesaid indices were also improved in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The reduction of TC and TG after treatment in the treatment group was more significant [(5.58 +/- 1.57) mmol/L, (1.99 +/- 1.22) mmol/L] (P < 0.05). Besides, the incidence rate of end-point events (5.4%, 2/37) (1 year after the development of clinical DN) of the treatment group was slightly lower than that of the control group (10.5%, 4/38), but with no statistical difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QYBCR combined with Western medicine-based treatment showed better therapeutic efficacy on early DN.</p>

Efficacy observation of treating early and midterm chronic renal failure patients by qi supplementing, collateral dredging, detoxifying, and turbidity descending recipe combined with basic methods of Western medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic efficacy of treating early and midterm chronic renal failure (CRF) patients by qi supplementing, collateral dredging, detoxifying, and turbidity descending recipe (QSCDDTDR) combined with basic methods of Western medicine (WM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 160 early and midterm CRF patients were recruited from Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei Medical University from January 2007 to December 2011. They were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 80 in each group. On the basis of basic treatment of WM, QSCDDTDR was given to patients in the treatment group, while niaoduqing granule (NDQG) was given to those in the control group. After 12 months of treatment, the therapeutic efficacy, Chinese medicine (CM) symptom scores, serum creatinine (SCr), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), 24 h urine protein quantitation, hemoglobin (Hb), and the occurrence of end-point events were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate in the treatment group was 77.6% (28/76), obviously higher than that in the control group [(58.1%, 43/74), P < 0.05]. After treatment the CM syndrome scores obviously decreased in the treatment group (18.3 +/- 5.3), obviously lower than before treatment (26.0 +/- 4.4) and the control group (22.4 +/- 4.9) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The levels of SCr, BUN, and 24 h urine protein quantitation were (169.1 +/- 22.6) micromol/L, (10.4 +/- 2.0) mmol/L, (861.4 +/- 232.7) mg/24 h, respectively, in the treatment group after treatment, which were lower than before treatment [(204.1 +/- 27.7) micromol/L, (13.2 +/- 3.2) mmol/L, (1 287.5 +/- 442.3) mg/24 h, P < 0.01). The aforesaid indices were also improved in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The decrease in SCr, BUN, and 24 h urine protein quantitation after treatment was more obviously in the treatment group than in the control group [(185.8 +/- 23.9) micromol/L, (11.2 +/- 2.5) mmol/L, (1014.5 +/- 301.7) mg/24 h; P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The incidence rate of the end-point events was 10.53% (8/76) in the treatment group and 13.51% (10/74) in the control group, but with no statistical difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QSCDDTDR combined with basic methods of WM showed better therapeutic efficacy in improving the renal function and reducing the level of urinary protein of the early and midterm CRF patients.</p>

Expression of microRNA-223 and its clinicopathologic correlation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of miR-223 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with correlation of histoloigcal subtypes and clinical prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 45 cases of DLBCL were investigated by immunohistochemistry (EnVision method) for CD20, CD3, CD10, bcl-6 and MUM-1. The cases were classified into germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non-germinal center B cell-like (non-GCB) subtypes according to Hans' algorithm. Agilent Human miRNA Microarray 16.0 was used to detect the expression of micro-RNAs in paraffin-embedded tissue of 24 cases of DLBCL that had available clinical follow-up. The expression levels of miR-223 were examined by TaqMan real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Fourteen cases of reactive lymph node were selected as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 45 cases of DLBCL, 16 cases (35.6%) were GCB and 29 cases (64.4%) were non-GCB subtypes. The expression levels of miR-223 measured by real-time RT-PCR were 19.8 and 15.8 in GCB and non-GCB subgroups, respectively (P = 0.236). The expression of miR-223 was up-regulated in DLBCL with 17.2 folds of increase over that of the reactive lymph nodes (P = 0.014). The overexpression of miR-223 was significantly correlated with a longer overall survival (P = 0.011). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis identified the following independent poor prognostic factors: low expression of miR-223 (RR = 5.445, 95%CI, 1.555 - 19.068, P = 0.008), abnormal level of LDH (RR = 3.974, 95%CI, 1.191 - 13.266, P = 0.025) and IPI ≥ 3 (RR = 4.044, 95%CI, 1.233 - 13.264, P = 0.021).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of miR-223 has no relationship with the immunophenotypes of DLBCL. As a potential prognostic biomarker, overexpression of miR-223 correlates with a longer OS of patients with DLBCL.</p>

Effects of the effective components group of Xiaoxuming decoction on MCAO rats / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of the effective components group of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXM) on focal cerebral ischemia rats. METHODS: The model of focal cerebral ischemia was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with nylon suture. The neuroethological score and the staying time on slope board were gotten after 48 h of the operation. The percentage of cerebral infarction volume to total brain volume was calculated by TTC staining. Furthermore, the content of MDA, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and the activity of NOS in the brain tissue were detected by photospectrometer analysis system. RESULTS: The effective components group of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction could significantly reduce the scores of neurological deficits , alleviate the cerebral infarction volume, improve the activity of SOD, reduce the content of MDA, and decrease the activity of iN-OS, but have no effect on the activity of GSH-Px. CONCLUSION: The effective components group of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction may attenuate the focal cerebral ischemia injury in rats, and the mechanism is related to regulate the balance between oxidation and anti-oxidation and decrease the activity of iNOS in the brain tissue. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Construction and characterization of a full-lengh cDNA library from non-fresh Giardia lamblia

OBJECTIVE@#To construct rapidly a full-length cDNA library from nanogram amounts total RNA of Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) trophozoites stocked in RNA stabilization reagent.@*METHODS@#Total RNA of Giardia was extracted using Trizol reagent. A full-length cDNA library of G. lamblia trophozoites was constructed by a long-distance PCR (LD-PCR) method. The recombinant rate and the coverage rate of full-length clones of the library were evaluated. The inserted fragments were identified and sequenced by PCR amplification.@*RESULTS@#The titer of cDNA library was 3.85 × 10(7) pfu/mL. The length of inserted fragments ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 kb, and the recombination efficiency accounted for 100% (20/20). The coverage rate of full-length clones is high (17/20).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The RNA stabilization reagent may be used to fix the cells and prevent the RNA in cells even though delivered under normal atmospheric temperature. The long-distance PCR can be used to construct a full-length cDNA library rapidly and it needs less RNA than the traditional method from mRNA.

Prospective study on the effect of omega-3 fish oil emulsion on inflammatory responses, immune function, and prognosis in patients with liver transplantation / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of omega-3 fish oil emulsion on the inflammatory responses, immune function, and prognosis of patients after liver transplantation. Methods Thirty-six patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation at the Liver Transplantion Center of No. 81 Hospital of PLA from January 2009 to December 2010 were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two study groups: the fish-oil group, in which patients were given omega-3 fish oil emulsion (n=18), and the control group (n=18). All the patients received isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutrition for six days, starting on the day after the operation. Blood samples were obtained pre-operatively and on the 2nd, 5th, and 8th days postoperation to measure cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lymphocyte subpopulation (CD4, CD8, HLA-DR). The incidence of infection, and acute rejection, mortality, length of ICU stay, and postoperative length of hospital stay were also recorded. Results The cytokine levels after liver transplantation in all the patients were higher than those before operation. The IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the fish-oil group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CRP level in the fish-oil group was significantly lower than that in the control group on the 5th postoperative day (POD5) (P<0.01). The CD4/CD8 ratio in the fish-oil group was significantly higher than that in the control group on POD5 (P<0.01). In addition, the IL-10 and TNF-α levels in the fish-oil group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). HLA-DR+ lymphocyte count in the fish-oil group was significantly lower than that in the control group on POD8 (P<0.05). The incidence rate of infection in the fish-oil group (16.7%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (55.6%, P=0.035). Moreover, the incidence rate of acute rejection and mortality showed no statistical difference between the two groups. However, patients in the fish-oil group had significantly shorter postoperative ICU and hospital stays (3.9±1.9d, 28.6±7.2d, respectively) than the control group (5.8±3.1d and 35.7±10.6d; P=0.034, P=0.024, respectively). Conclusion The administration of omega-3 fish oil emulsion to liver transplant patients can reduce excessive inflammatory responses, maintain the balance of pro-/antiinflammatory cytokines, modulate the immune function, lower the incidence of infection, and improve prognosis.