β-hydroxybutyrate alleviates cisplatin-induced renal injury by inhibiting apoptosis / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective function and mechanism of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HOB) on cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity.Methods:C57BL/6 male mice aged 10 weeks were randomly divided into the following three groups: control group (no special treatment), β- HOB+CP group (mice received intraperitoneal injection of 20 mmol/kg β-HOB for 10 days), CP group (received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline for 10 days). CP group and β-HOB+CP group were given once cisplatin (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection on the 8th day in the experiment. On the 10th day, all the mice were sacrificed. Renal pathology was evaluated by HE staining; blood samples were collected for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) measurement; immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect the protein level of Caspase3, Cleaved-caspase3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in renal tissues; Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression levels of p-MAPK/MAPK and p-NF-κB/NF-κB. In vitro experiment, HK-2 cells were set into three groups: control group, CP group, β-HOB+CP group, and β-HOB+CP+Sappanone A (Sap, MAPK-p38 activator) group. The expression levels of p-MAPK, p-NF-κB, Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3 were tested by cell immunofluorescence. The cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were examined by flow cytometry. DNA damage was detected by TUNEL staining. Results:In vivo experiments, the renal pathological injury score, BUN and Scr in CP group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05), while renal pathological injury score, BUN and Scr in β-HOB+CP group were lower than those in CP group (all P<0.05). The protein expression levels of p-MAPK, p-NF-κB, Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3 in CP group were higher than those in control group, while these indexes in β-HOB+CP group were lower than those in CP group (all P<0.05). In vitro experiments, compared with CP group, the MMP was higher in β-HOB+CP group; the ratio of cell apoptosis, the expression of Caspase3, Cleaved-caspase3, p-MAPK and p-NF-κB, and the number of TUNEL staining positive cells were significantly lower (all P<0.05). Compared with β-HOB+CP group, the MMP in β-HOB+CP+Sap group was lower; the ratio of cell apoptosis, the expression of Caspase3 and Cleaved-caspase3, and the number of TUNEL staining positive cells were significantly higher (all P<0.05). Conclusions:β-HOB can alleviate the acute renal injury induced by cisplatin, which may be related to the reduction of apoptosis and inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

The triglyceride glucose index predicts the risk of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease in the Beijing community: a prospective cohort study / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To explore the characteristics of the association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk in a community population.Method:This was a prospective cohort study. From December 2011 to April 2012, the first investigation was conducted among subjects with more than 40-year old who were from Shijingshan district and Pingguoyuan community in Beijing. The second investigation was conducted from April to October 2015. All the subjects were divided into three groups according to the tertile of the TyG index at baseline. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model was established to explore the correlation between the TyG index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve of the TyG index group was drawn. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, gender, body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia to determine the correlation characteristics between the TyG index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease among subgroups.Results:A total of 9 577 subjects were finally included to analyze. The mean follow-up time of this study was (34.14±3.84) months. During the follow-up, 363 subjects (3.8%) occurred nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease. The multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that the hazard ratio ( HR) of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease in the high TyG index group was 1.54 (95% CI 1.19-1.98), 1.60 (95% CI 1.23-2.10), and 1.57 (95% CI 1.20-2.05) in the three models, compared with the low TyG index group. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the risk of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease increased from the low-TyG index group to the high-TyG index group ( P=0.015). In the six subgroups analysis, only gender was shown to have a significant interaction effect with the TyG index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk. In the female population, the risk of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease is significantly increased with the increase in the TyG index level ( P<0.001). Conclusions:A high TyG index is independently related to the increased risk of nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease in the Beijing community population. Gender has a significant interaction with the TyG index and nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk. Therefore, the TyG index may be a useful marker to predict the nonfatal cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk of a community population.

Association between hemoglobin glycation index and 5-year major adverse cardiovascular events: the REACTION cohort study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) was developed to quantify glucose metabolism and individual differences and proved to be a robust measure of individual glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) bias. Here, we aimed to explore the relationship between different HGIs and the risk of 5-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) by performing a large multicenter cohort study in China.@*METHODS@#A total of 9791 subjects from the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals: a Longitudinal Study (the REACTION study) were divided into five subgroups (Q1-Q5) with the HGI quantiles (≤5th, >5th and ≤33.3th, >33.3th and ≤66.7th, >66.7th and ≤95th, and >95th percentile). A multivariate logistic regression model constructed by the restricted cubic spline method was used to evaluate the relationship between the HGI and the 5-year MACE risk. Subgroup analysis between the HGI and covariates were explored to detect differences among the five subgroups.@*RESULTS@#The total 5-year MACE rate in the nationwide cohort was 6.87% (673/9791). Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a U-shaped correlation between the HGI values and MACE risk after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors ( χ2 = 29.5, P <0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects with HGIs ≤-0.75 or >0.82 showed odds ratios (ORs) for MACE of 1.471 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.027-2.069) and 2.222 (95% CI, 1.641-3.026) compared to subjects with HGIs of >-0.75 and ≤-0.20. In the subgroup with non-coronary heart disease, the risk of MACE was significantly higher in subjects with HGIs ≤-0.75 (OR, 1.540 [1.039-2.234]; P = 0.027) and >0.82 (OR, 2.022 [1.392-2.890]; P <0.001) compared to those with HGIs of ≤-0.75 or >0.82 after adjustment for potential confounders.@*CONCLUSIONS@#We found a U-shaped correlation between the HGI values and the risk of 5-year MACE. Both low and high HGIs were associated with an increased risk of MACE. Therefore, the HGI may predict the 5-year MACE risk.

Enzyme-instructed and mitochondria-targeting peptide self-assembly to efficiently induce immunogenic cell death

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays a major role in cancer immunotherapy by stimulating specific T cell responses and restoring the antitumor immune system. However, effective type II ICD inducers without biotoxicity are still very limited. Herein, a tentative drug- or photosensitizer-free strategy was developed by employing enzymatic self-assembly of the peptide F-pY-T to induce mitochondrial oxidative stress in cancer cells. Upon dephosphorylation catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase overexpressed on cancer cells, the peptide F-pY-T self-assembled to form nanoparticles, which were subsequently internalized. These affected the morphology of mitochondria and induced serious reactive oxygen species production, causing the ICD characterized by the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs enhanced specific immune responses by promoting the maturation of DCs and the intratumoral infiltration of tumor-specific T cells to eradicate tumor cells. The dramatic immunotherapeutic capacity could be enhanced further by combination therapy of F-pY-T and anti-PD-L1 agents without visible biotoxicity in the main organs. Thus, our results revealed an alternative strategy to induce efficient ICD by physically promoting mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Establishment of fingerprint ，chemometric analysis and multi-component content determination of Zhuang medi- cine Jinmu granules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Zhuang medicine Jinmu granules and carry out chemometric analysis ， and determine the contents of three components . METHODS High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was adopted. Using rutin as the reference ，HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Jinmu granules were drawn and similarity evaluation was performed by Similarity Evaluation of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）；the common peak was determined by comparing with mixed control ；SPSS 21.0 software was used for cluster analysis ，and SIMCA 14.1 software was used for principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The differential components affecting the quality of Jinmu granules were screened by taking the variable importance in projection （VIP）value ＞1 as the standard ；the HPLC method was used to determine the contents of astilbin ，polydatin and berberine hydrochloride in Jinmu granules. RESULTS There were 22 common peaks in 10 batches of Jinmu granules ，and the similarities were 0.962-0.997；five common peaks were identified ，namely gallic acid （peak 2），polydatin（peak 9），rutin（peak 11），astilbin（peak 13）and kaempferol （peak 20）. The results of cluster analysis showed that 10 batches of Jinmu granules could be clustered into 3 categories：S1 and S 3-S4 were grouped into one category ；S5-S6 and S 9 were grouped into one category ；S2，S7-S8 and S 10 were grouped into one category. The results of principal component analysis showed that the parameter of model interpretation was 0.951 and that of prediction ability was 0.723. The classification results were basically consistent with cluster analysis. The classifica tion results of orthogonal partial least squares- com discriminant analysis were also ba sically consistent with clus- ter analysis. The common peaks with VIP value ＞1 in the order were peak 7＞peak 11（rutin）＞peak 17＞peak 13（astilbin）＞ peak 3＞peak 8＞peak 6＞peak 16 respectively. The linear ranges of astilbin ，polydatin and berberine hydrochloride were 0.012 6- 1.225 0，0.010 8-1.052 5 and 0.020 0-1.562 5 mg/mL，respectively（all R 2＝0.999 9）. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 3％. The average recoveries were 99.48％（RSD＝2.67％，n＝9），98.57％（RSD＝1.77％，n＝ 9）and 100.84％（RSD＝2.49％，n＝9）. The contents were 1.221 0-7.011 6，2.251 1-4.462 9，1.252 4-3.328 7 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS Established fingerprint and the method of content determination are accurate ，stable and simple. Combined with chemometric analysis ，it can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Zhuang medicine Jinmu granules.

Comparative analysis of standardized and non-standardized of myopia prevalence in Beijing students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To clarify the importance and practical significance of the standardized rate in primary healthcare work by comparing the differences in the prevalence of myopia in districts in Beijing before and after standardization.@*Methods@#This study recruited a total of 41 029 students from 107 primary and secondary schools and 35 kindergartens from the 16 districts of Beijing municipality. All participants underwent distance vision and refractive testing. The presence of myopia was defined as naked eye vision of <5.0 and non-ciliary muscle paralysis under computer optometry with a spherical equivalent objective refractive error of <-0.50 diopters (<-0.50 D). The student composition outlined in the 2018-2019 Beijing Education Development Statistics Summary was used as a standard group to standardize the prevalence of myopia in students from various districts of Beijing. The difference in the pre-and post-standardization rates was used to compare the change in myopia in each district before and after standardization.@*Results@#In 2018, the prevalence of myopia in students from Beijing was 57.3%. Stratified by school period, the prevalence of myopia in preschool, primary school, junior high school, ordinary high school, and vocational high school students was 12.1%, 38.4%, 77.2%, 88.3%, and 73.1%, respectively. Although the prevalence of myopia in Daxing District was the highest both before and after standardization, the difference in the prevalence rate was 13.8 percentage points. The prevalence of myopia in Miyun District was the lowest before standardization. However, after standardization, the prevalence of myopia was lowest in Huairou District.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of myopia among Beijing students is generally high. Before and after standardization, the prevalence of myopia in different districts was quite different. The results show that, in practice, the standardized prevalence can reveal the true epidemiological characteristics of specific disease.

Study on the relationship between acute stress disorder and symptom group in stroke patients with motor impairment / 中国综合临床

Objective:To explore the influence of symptom group of stroke patients with exercise disorder on acute stress disorder.Methods:Patients with stroke and motor impairment hospitalized in the Department of Neurology and surgery of North China University of technology from October 2018 to August 2019 were selected as the research objects.The general information of patients, brain injury subscale (BIS) and Stanford acute stress reaction questionnaire (SARSQ) were investigated by questionnaire.Results:A total of 324 patients with stroke and motor disorders were investigated.The demographic characteristics of education, age, degree of motor function, number of combined dysfunction and Activity Of Daily Living Scale(ADL) grade had effects on acute stress disorder, and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). The score of acute stress disorder in stroke patients with motor disorders was (99.60±13.69 ) points.From the highest to the lowest symptom group, the scores were obsessive symptom (11.35±2.71), depression (7.44±1.86), hostility (7.23±2.26), somatization (3.69±1.42) and psychosis (2.81±1.09). The results of correlation analysis showed that somatization, depression, obsessiveness, hostility and psychosis were positively correlated with the total score of acute stress disorder and the scores of each dimension ( r=0.164, 0.355, 0.329, 0.298, 0.279, all P<0.05), the symptoms were also positively correlated with all the dimensions of acute stress disorder(all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age(Regression coefficient=7.682, 95% CI: 4.930-10.435, P<0.001), the number of combined dysfunction(Regression coefficient=3.937, 95% CI: 0.268-7.605, P=0.036), depression(Regression coefficient=1.662, 95% CI: 0.727-2.597, P=0.001) had influence on ASD of stroke patients. Conclusion:The level of acute stress disorder in stroke patients with motor impairment is on the high side, and the characteristics of symptom group are obvious, which has a positive correlation with acute stress disorder.Medical staff should pay attention to the characteristics of symptom group and acute stress reaction level of stroke patients with motor impairment, so as to provide targeted intervention strategies to avoid disease recurrence and improve the quality of life.

On construction of learning guidance model for undergraduates in medical schools—an empirical analysis based on PLS-SEM model / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the learning guidance model and its influencing factors of undergraduates in medical schools.Methods:Based on the developmental learning guidance theory, 1 117 undergraduates from two undergraduate medical universities were selected as the research objects, through questionnaire surveys to collect their knowledge learning, curriculum learning and other core variables, and balanced guidance, compound guidance and other outcome variables, using Smart PLS 3.0 to test the validity of the samples.Results:There were statistical significance in the path relationship affecting the core variables and the outcome variables of the learning guidance model, P<0.05, indicating that the influencing factors of the learning guidance model had a significantly positive effect on the learning guidance model construction. Conclusion:Constructing a "balanced-compound-special" learning guidance model suitable for undergraduates' learning activities in medical universities provides a reference for the application and promotion of learning guidance model in medical undergraduate stage.

Enzalutamide combining with ADT as neoadjuvant therapy for prostate cancer: a case report / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Traditional endocrine drugs, such as bicalutamide, are the first choice for neoadjuvant therapy of prostate cancer. There are few reports on the use of new endocrine drugs in neoadjuvant therapy in China. The patient, male, 63 years old. He was admitted to the hospital for the finding of prostate space occupying. Blood PSA 53.50 ng / ml. Prostate MRI suggested that the prostate lesion broke through the left capsule, the left seminal vesicle gland was invaded, and the bladder wall was invaded. Bone scan suggested that: the left 8th posterior costal branch radioactivity was limited and increased. Prostate adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by puncture, Gleason score 4 + 4 = 8 points, and stage T 4bN 1M 1. The patient was treated with goserelin combined with enzalutamide for 3 months, and PSMA-PET CT: prostate size was normal, no significant 68Ga PSMA uptake was increased, no abnormally high Ga PSMA uptake in bones. The patient was treated with enzalutamide combined with ADT as neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, winning surgical conditions for the patient to undergo surgical resection.

Neuroprotective effects of benzatropine on rat model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Benztropine on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death and optic nerve injury in rats model of non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION).Methods A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Benztropine treatment group (n=13)and PBS control group (n=12).The right eye was set as the experimental eye.rNAION model was established by using rose Bengal combined with laser photodynamic method.The rats in the Benztropine treatment group were received intraperitoneal injection with Benztropine 10 mg/kg (0.2 ml) daily for 3 weeks,while the rats in the PBS control group were received intraperitoneal injection with an equal volume of PBS.At 1,3 and 7 days after modeling,the retinal and optic disc conditions of the rats were observed by direct ophthalmoscopy.Retrograde labeling,fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the survival of RGCs and the damage of the optic nerve myelin and axon at 4 weeks after modeling.The RGCs density and survival rate of the two groups were compared by One-Way Anova.Results At 1 and 3 days after modeling,the optic disc edema was observed in the rats of rNAION model group.At 7 days after modeling,the optic disc edema decreased and the boundary was blurred compared with 3 days after modeling.After 4 weeks,the RGCs density in the PBS group was 308± 194/mm2 and the survival rate was 13.7％.The density of RGCs in the Benztropine group was 1173+868/mm2 and the survival rate was 47.6％.The differences of RGCs density and survival rate were significant between the two groups (F=7.552,8.184;P=0.015,0.012).Myelin disintegration,axon degeneration,onion-like body and gliosis were observed in the optic nerve sections of rNIAON in the PBS group,while the damage ofaxon and myelin structure in the Benztropine group was significantly less than that in the PBS group.Conclusions Benztropine group showed higher RGC survival rate,less damage ofaxon and myelin structure on rNAION model.This study explored the potential neuroprotective effect of Benztropine.

Characteristics of primary headache caused by cervicocerebral artery dissection / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the primary headache due to cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD).Methods A total of 146 consecutive patients with CAD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2010 to 2017 were observed.There were 20 cases who complained of primary headache,of which the characteristics of pain were analyzed according to their clinical features that were collected face to face through questionnaire.According to whether complicated by primary headache,the 146 patients were classified into two groups:20 cases (13.7％) in the primary headache group,and 126 cases (86.3％) in the non-primary headache group.Results Patients in the primary headache group had a lower prevalence of transient ischemic attack or cerebral infarction compared with the non-primary headache group (30.0％ (6/20) vs 77.0％ (97/126),x2=18.338,P＜0.01).CAD patients in the primary headache group were more likely involved in posterior circulation compared with the non-primary headache group (85.0％ (7/20) vs 55.6％ (70/126),x2=6.214,P=0.013).Of the 20 patients with primary headache,40.0％ (8/20) had continuous headache and 60.0％ (12/20) had intermittent headache;70.0％ (14/20) presented with severe headache,25.0％ (5/20) with moderate headache and 5.0％ (1/20) with mild headache;For the nature of pain,60.0％ (12/20) was similar to migraine;11/17 of patients with posterior circulation dissection showed occipital pain.Conclusions The primary headache caused by CAD is a severe pain occurring suddenly,and different from those of previous experiences.The nature of headache is often similar to migraine,which can be continuous or intermittent.In addition,compared with anterior circulation,patients with posterior circulation dissection often have headache as the initial symptom.

Role of mast cells in Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation in mice / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the role of mast cells in Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin inflammation in BALB/c mice.Methods A total of 24 BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups to be topically treated with ovalbumin (OVA group),SEB (SEB group),OVA + SEB (OVA + SEB group) and sodium chloride physiological solution (control group) respectively,so as to establish mouse models of epicutaneously induced AD-like skin inflammation.The AD-like skin lesions were evaluated by clinical observation and eczema area and severity index (EASI).Biopsy specimens were obtained from lesional skin of mice and then subjected to toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemical staining to count the mast cells,observe the morphology and distribution of mast cells,and calculate the percentage of degranulated mast cells.Results After 7-week treatment,the OVA group,SEB group and OVA + SEB group all showed severer local skin inflammation,higher EASI scores and denser infiltration of inflammatory cells compared with the control group.Moreover,the OVA + SEB group showed significantly severer local skin inflammation,skin lesions and degree of infiltration of inflammatory cells compared with the OVA group and SEB group (all P ＜ 0.05).The number of mast cells in the dermis of AD-like skin lesions per high-power field (× 400) was significantly higher in the OVA group (median [quartile range]:10.625 [3.675]),SEB group (11.000 [4.163]) and OVA + SEB group (13.875 [8.813]) than that in the control group (5.925 [2.088],all P ＜ 0.05).The SEB group (71.083％ ± 14.519％) and OVA + SEB group (58.767％ ±.16.978％) both showed significantly higher percentage of degranulated mast cells compared with the OVA group (24.050％ ± 11.161％,both P ＜ 0.05) and control group (23.617％ ± 8.132％,both P ＜ 0.05).Bivariate correlation analysis showed that the number of mast cells in the skin lesions was positively linearly correlated with the EASI scores (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Epicutaneous application of SEB can induce AD-like skin lesions in mice,and can exacerbate the severity of OVA-induced AD-like skin lesions.Mast cell proliferation,activation/degranulation and tryptase release may participate in the inflammation.

The choroidal thickness in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT) in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods Nineteen newly occurred NAION patients were included. The patients were divided into group A (20 affected eyes of 19 patients) and B (18 fellow eyes of 18 patients). Twenty eyes of 20 age, gender, intraocular pressure and axial length-matched healthy volunteers (group C) were enrolled in this study. The differences of age (t=1.58), gender ratios (χ2=0.107), intraocular pressure (t=0.092) and axial length (t=0.148) between 3 groups were not significant (P>0.05). SFCT, pCT were measured at first visit, 1 month and 3 months after treatment using enhanced deep imaging technique of spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The correlation of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the choroidal thickness was investigated. Results At the first visit, the mean SFCT and pCT in group A were significant thicker than group C (t=2.957, 2.844; P=0.006, 0.009). There was no difference of SFCT and pCT between group B and C (t=2.019, 2.024; P=0.053, 0.057). There was no correlation between BCVA and SFCT, pCT (F=0.161, 0.033; P=0.695, 0.859). One month after treatment, SFCT in group A was still thicker than group C (t=2.803, P=0.009); while pCT was decreased in group A when compared to group C, but the difference was not significant (t=1.871, P=0.084). Three months after treatment, the differences of SFCT and pCT were not significant between group A and C (t=1.223, 1.105; P=0.236, 0.282). Conclusions At first visit, SFCT and pCT in NAION eyes showed a significant increase when compared to normal eyes. One month later, pCT in NAION eyes decreased to normal. Three months later, both SFCT and pCT decreased. These findings may suggest that a thickened choroid is a clinical characteristic at acute stage in NAION eyes.

The choroidal thickness in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT) in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods Nineteen newly occurred NAION patients were included. The patients were divided into group A (20 affected eyes of 19 patients) and B (18 fellow eyes of 18 patients). Twenty eyes of 20 age, gender, intraocular pressure and axial length-matched healthy volunteers (group C) were enrolled in this study. The differences of age (t=1.58), gender ratios (χ2=0.107), intraocular pressure (t=0.092) and axial length (t=0.148) between 3 groups were not significant (P>0.05). SFCT, pCT were measured at first visit, 1 month and 3 months after treatment using enhanced deep imaging technique of spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The correlation of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the choroidal thickness was investigated. Results At the first visit, the mean SFCT and pCT in group A were significant thicker than group C (t=2.957, 2.844; P=0.006, 0.009). There was no difference of SFCT and pCT between group B and C (t=2.019, 2.024; P=0.053, 0.057). There was no correlation between BCVA and SFCT, pCT (F=0.161, 0.033; P=0.695, 0.859). One month after treatment, SFCT in group A was still thicker than group C (t=2.803, P=0.009); while pCT was decreased in group A when compared to group C, but the difference was not significant (t=1.871, P=0.084). Three months after treatment, the differences of SFCT and pCT were not significant between group A and C (t=1.223, 1.105; P=0.236, 0.282). Conclusions At first visit, SFCT and pCT in NAION eyes showed a significant increase when compared to normal eyes. One month later, pCT in NAION eyes decreased to normal. Three months later, both SFCT and pCT decreased. These findings may suggest that a thickened choroid is a clinical characteristic at acute stage in NAION eyes.

Qingpeng ointment for the treatment of localized eczema in Chinese children: a multicenter, randomized controlled study / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment for the treatment of localized eczema in children.Methods A multicenter,randomized,open-labeled,tacrolimus 0.03％ ointment-controlled clinical trial was conducted.A total of 442 children with localized eczema were enrolled into this study,and divided into 2 groups to topically apply Qingpeng ointment (Qingpeng group) and tacrolimus 0.03％ ointment (tacrolimus group) respectively twice a day for 2 weeks.The children were followed up before the treatment and 1,2 weeks after the treatment,and the efficacy and safety were evaluated at the same time.Results Clinical data from 426 children were included in the efficacy analysis.At 1,2 weeks after the treatment,there were no significant differences in the response rate between the Qingpeng group and tacrolimus group (1 week after the treatment:78.92％ vs.81.77％,x2 =0.545,P =0.460;2 weeks after the treatment:98.65％ vs.97.54％,x2 =0.721,P =0.396).However,the pruritus scores at 1,2 weeks after the treatment were both significantly lower in the Qingpeng group than in the tacrolimus group (1 week:F =14.001,P =0.000;2 weeks:F =11.252,P =0.001).At 1 week after the treatment,the incidence rate of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the Qingpeng group than in the tacrolimus group (P ＜ 0.05).Mild itching,burning sensation and other local irritant sensations were the most common adverse reactions.Conclusion Qingpeng ointment is safe and effective for the treatment of localized eczema in children with good tolerability.

Role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in activation of LAD2 mast cells / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) in non-IgE mediated activation of mast cells (MCs) by in vitro co-culture of laboratory of allergic disease 2 (LAD2) cells and SEB.Methods The LAD2 cells were incubated with SEB at different concentrations of 0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100 μg/ml,A23187 positive control and negative control separately for 30 minutes.Then,effects of SEB on the morphology of MCs were observed by using a light microscope,and culture supernatants of the above incubation systems were collected.The concentration of tryptase released from MCs was analyzed by enzymatic activity assay,and the level of histamine was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results After 30-minute co-culture of LAD2 cells and SEB,MCs showed larger size,obscure boundaries,increased number of protuberances on the cell surface and decreased refractivity,with a radial burr fin-like appearance.After 30-minute co-culture of LAD2 cells and SEB at different concentrations of 0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100 μg/ml,the concentrations of tryptase in the culture supematants were 4.116 ± 0.651,5.344 ± 0.874,3.806 ± 0.459,1.309 ± 0.247,0.310 ± 0.199 ng/ml respectively.Additionally,the tryptase levels were significantly higher in the 0.01-,0.1-,1-μg/ml SEB groups than in the negative control group(1.538 ± 0.490,all P ＜ 0.05),and gradually decreased along with the increase of SEB concentrations.The histamine levels in the 0.01-,0.1-,1-,10-and 100-μg/ml SEB groups were 242.409 ± 63.915,522.491 ± 73.466,550.926 ± 84.466,334.397 ± 33.640,226.527 ± 5.678 ng/ml respectively.In the 0.01-,0.1-,1-μg/ml SEB groups,the levels of histamine released from MCs were gradually increased along with the increase of SEB concentrations,and were significantly higher than those in the negative control group (146.436 ± 3.100,all P ＜ 0.05).However,with the continued increase of SEB concentrations,the histamine levels gradually decreased.Conclusion SEB can directly activate MCs by a non-IgE mediated mechanism,followed by morphologic changes of MCs and release of tryptase and histamine.

Effects of functional training on movement performance and balance in elite fencing athletes with patellar tendinopathy / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of functional training on knee pain,functional movement screen (FMS) score and balance in Chinese elite fencing athletes with patellar tendinopathy.Methods Twenty-four fencing athletes with a diagnosed patellar tendinopathy were randomized into a treatment group (TG) and a control group (CG),each of 12.Both groups were given routine physical therapy,while TG received motor function training in addition for eight weeks.Both groups completed the numerical rating scale (NRS),FMS and balance test before and after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the average PRS and FMS of TG were 2.08± 1.24 and 16.25±0.97 respectively,which significantly outperformed those of TG before the intervention and those of CG after the intervention (P＜0.05).Moreover,TG indicated superior results in parameters of static postural balance including center of pressure,total length of swinging pathway,maximal length of swinging pathway,and area of swinging pathway when compared to TG before the intervention and CG after the intervention(P＜0.05).Conclusion The motor functiontraining is effective in improving functional movement and balance in elite fencing athletes with patellar tendinopathy.

The prevention and treatment of diabetes complicated with skin pruritus / 中国糖尿病杂志

[Summary] Pruritus is one kind of skin disease that has itching symptom with no primary skin lesions , may develop excoriation , crust and pigmentation secondary . Pruritus is a common skin complication affecting on patients with diabetes ,which is also one of the clues of early diagnosis .This article focus on the etiology ,pathogenesis ,clinical manifestation ,prevention and treatment of diabetes patients complicated with skin pruritus .

Studies on inclusion mechanism of 14-deoxyandrographolide-?-cyclodextrin / 中草药

Objective To study the inclusion mechanism of 14-deoxyandrographolide and ?-cyclodextrin in inclusion ratio,molecular interaction between host and guest,inclusion part and stability of inclusion compound.Methods The formation of inclusion compound was confirmed by dfferential thermal analysis(DTA);The equilibrium constants of inclusion compound were determined and the thermodynamic constants were calculated by UV;Inclusion parts were confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR.Results Ka=1 292.631 L/mol;?G=-16.854 8;?H=-25.532;?S=-0.029 12.It was clearly that all five lactone ring and decalin ring of 14-deoxyandrographolide in indusion compound changed in IR and 1H-NMR.Conclusion Inclusion host-guest ratio is 1∶1,Van der Waals forces play a major role in the process.Inclusion site is decalin ring and five lactone ring.The inclusion compound is more stable under normal temperature.