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OBJECTIVE：To e stablish and compare HPLC fingerprints of green Forsythia suspensa and grown F. suspensa ，and to conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Hypersil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ formic acid （gradient elution ）. The detection wavelength was 235 nm and column temperature was 25 ℃ with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The sample size was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprints of 8 batches of green F. suspensa （Q1-Q8）and 6 batches of grown F. suspensa （L1-L6）were drawn ，with phillyrin as reference；the similarity evaluation was conducted by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition），and common peak was confirmed. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were carried out with SPSS 23.0 software. RESULTS ：There were 19 common peaks for green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa ，among which 6 peaks were identified，i.e. forsythoside A ，rutin，pinoresinol-β-D-glucoside，phillyrin，quercetin and phillygenin ；the similarities of HPLC fingerprints from green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa were 0.351-0.767；results of cluster analysis showed that green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa were classified into 4 categories，among which L 1-L6 were clustered into one category ，Q1 was clustered into one category ，Q2-Q6 were clustered into one category ；Q7-Q8 were clustered into one category. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three principal components was 83.14％， L1-L6 distribution was close ，Q2-Q6 distribution was close ，Q7-Q8 distribution was close ，and Q 1 distribution was independent ， which was consistent with the results of cluster analysis. CONCLUSIONS ：There were significant differences in the common peaks of fingerprint of green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa of similarity eraluation ，cluster analysis and principle component analysis，the established HPLC fingerprint can be used for comprehensive evaluation and quality comparison of green F. suspensa and grown F. suspensa .
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Objective To discuss the feasibility of estimation on intracranial pressure of patients withbrain injury by measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) with uhrasonography.Methods From July 2008 to December 2011,90 patients with brain injury were selected.According to the admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS),they were divided into experimental group 1 (60 cases with light and medium brain injury,GCS 9-15 scores) and experimental group 2 (30 cases with severe brain injury,G CS 3-8 scores).The conventional physical examination 50 cases and volunteers 50 cases in neural surgical outpatient were selected as control group.ONSD of all groups were measured 3 mm behind the globe through orbital by ultrasonography with different time after admission.The intracranial pressure was measured at 0.5-1.0 h after ultrasonography by lumbar vertebra puncturing in different groups and analyzed statistically.Results After admission 1,3,7,14 d; ONSD in experimental group 1 respectively was (4.49 ± 0.31),(4.45 ±0.28),(4.41 ±0.32),(4A3 ±0.25) mm;ONSD in experimental group 2 respectively was (5.69 ±0.32),(6.30 ± 0.47),(5.71 ± 0.26),(4.77 ± 0.36) mm.After admission 1,3,7,14 d ;the intracranial pressure in experimental group 1 respectively was (78 ± 16),(83 ± 17),(90 ± 15),(82 ± 14) mmH2O (1 mmH2O =0.0098 kPa) ;the intracranial pressure in experimental group 2 respectively was (230 ± 22),(269 ± 21),(228 ± 13),(147 ± 22) mumH2O.ONSD and the intracranial pressure was (4.58 ± 0.41)mm and(88 ± 10) mmH2O in control group.ONSD and the intracranial in Experimental group 1 and control group had no difference (P ＞0.05); those of control group and experimental group 2,experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 had difference (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions ONSD and the intracranial pressure in light,medium brain injury patients have no change.In patients with severe brain injury after different time,the intracranial pressure change differently,ONSD enlargement with the intracranial pressure rising,examination of ONSD by ultrasonography can reflect the changes of the intracranial pressure,it is a new method to evaluate the intracranial pressure,has the certain application value.
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Objective To explore the clinic application value of ultrasonography examination of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD) in brain injury.Methods From July 2008-June 2011,90 cases of brain injured patients were chosen as experimental group including light (A group),medium (B group),and heavy (C group) brain injured patients according to the admission GCS score ;50 cases of conventional physical examination and 90 cases of volunteers 50 in neurosurgical outpatient were chosen as control group.The ONSD of both groups were measured 3 mm behind the globe through orbital using color sonographic with different time after admission.3 times measurements were carried out for every optic nerve sheath.All client's ONSD mean and standard deviation were calculated.In 0.5 h after color dopplar ultrasound examination,lumbar vertebra puncturing measured intracranial pressure in different groups.Results After admission (1d,3 d,7 d,14 d),the ONSD of A group was (4.54 ±0.32)mm,(4.42 ±0.30)mm,(4.44 ±0.32) m,and (4.43 ± 0.25) mm,respectively; The ONSD of B groups was (4.48 ± 0.28) mm,(4.52 ± 0.24) mm,(4.46 ±0.28)mm,and (4.38 ±0.22)mm,respectively; The ONSD of C group was (5.67 ±0.35)mm,(6.36 ± 0.42) mm,(5.65 ± 0.23) mm,and (4.76 ± 0.35) mm,respectively.After admission (1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d),the intracranial pressure (IP) of A group was (82 ± 11) mmH2O,(79 ± 12) mmH2O,(90 ±15) mmH2O,and (86 ± 14) mmH2O,respectively; The IP of B group was (78 ± 15) mmH2O,(85 ± 10)mmH2O,(78 ± 16) mmH2O,(80 ± 11) mmH2O,The IP of C group was (225 ± 26) mmH2 O,(288 ± 23)mmH2O,(256 ± 23) mmH2O,(122 ± 18) mmH2O,respectively.Group D had the ONSD average of (4.58± 0.41)mm and IP of (88 ± 10)mmH2O after eyeball 3-mm place.No difference was found between A and B,A and D,or B and D (P＞0.05) ; A difference was found between A and C,B and C,or D and C (t =12.24～24.67,P＜0.01).Conclusions The ONSD and IP in light medium brain injured patients had no change.In patients with severe brain injury,IP changed with the time after injury,the ONSD increased with the IP,the ultrasonography examination of ONSD with the important value in the diagnosis and treatment can respond the IP increase,which is a non-invasion,convenient,fast,and feasible method for evaluation of cranial high pressure.
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ObjectiveTo study the expression changes of peripheral blood monocyte human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) in patients with severe craniocerebral injury,and investigate the correlation between HLA-DR expression and infection and prognosis.MethodsNinety patients with craniocerebral injury were selected as experimental group and were divided according to the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score after hospitalization into experimental group 1 (GCS score 13-15 scores ),experimental group 2 (GCS score 9-12 scores) and experimental group 3 (GCS score 3-8 scores) with 30 patients each,which were moderate,medium,severe craniocerebral injury,respectively.Thirty healthy people were chosen at the same period as control group.The HLA-DR expression of experimental group was detected after 1,3,7 and 14 d of admission by flow cytometry,and the HLA-DR expression of control group was detected on the day they got physical examination.The rates of infection,cure,disability,vegetative state and mortality were counted after 30 d of admission.ResultsThe HLA-DR expressions in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 after 1,3,7,14 d of admission were (28.11 ± 2.37),(26.45 ± 1.63),(27.75 ± 1.83),(27.15 ± 2.17) MCF and (29.34 ±2.07),(27.55 ± 1.63),(28.42 ± 1.94),(29.46 ±2.12) MCF,which had no statistical difference compared with that in control group [(29.18 ± 1.91 ) MCF](P＞ 0.05).The HLA-DR expressions in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 after 1,3,7 d of admission and control group had statistical differences compared with those in experimental group 3 after 1,3,7 d of admission [(18.02 ± 1.78),(16.05 ± 1.97 ),(20.76 ± 1.65) MCF ] (P ＜ 0.05).The HLA-DR expressions in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 after 14 d of admission and control group had no statistical significance compared with that in experimental group 3 after 14 d of admission [ (26.13 ± 2.15) MCF](P＞ 0.05).The infection rates of experimental group 1,experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 were 0,3.6％(1/28),82.8％(24/29),respectively,while the cure rates were 100.0％ (30/30),100.0％ (28/28),10.3％ (3/29),the disability rates were 0,0,41.4％ (12/29),the vegetative state rates were 0,0,20.7％ (6/29),and the mortality were 0,0,27.6％ (8/29).There was no statistical significance in the rates of infection,cure,disability,vegetative state and mortality between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 (P＞ 0.05 ).While there was statistical differences in the rates of infection,cure,disability,vegetative state and mortality among experimental group 1,experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsThe HLA-DR expression changes of patients with moderate and medium craniocerebral injury after 1,3,7,14 d of admission are not significant.The HLA-DR expression of patients with severe craniocerebral injury begins to decline from 1 d after injury,declines obviously at 3 d,increases from 7 d,returns to normal level at 14 d.The decline of HLA-DR expression in patients with severe craniocerebral injury is correlated with the infection,and predicts poor prognosis.
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Objective To analyze the relationship of pathogenesis and early management with prognosis of sylvian fissure contusion of brain caused by traffic accident. Methods A review was done on 36 cases with sylvian fissure contusion of brain caused by traffic accident, in which early improvement of respiration and management of combined injuries were performed according to injury severity and pathogenesis. Standard big bone flap craniotomy was done in 31 cases including bilateral craniotomy in 13. Of nine cases treated conservatively, four cases turned to operation due to aggravation. Results Of all, 18 cases recovery better but death occurred in eight, vegetative state in two, bad disability in two and moderate disability in six. Conclusions Early synthetic treatment, prompt decompression with standard big bone flap, paying attention to sylvian fissure contusion in the midline area, dynamic observation of injury and effective treatment can improve prognosis and reduce mortality rate.