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The Xuming Decoction, which is recorded in the "Gu Jin Lu Yan" section of Zhang Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, is a traditional Chinese medicine formula. Recent literature review and summary of the clinical application research progress have found that this formula is primarily used to treat diseases such as acute cerebral infarction, facial neuritis, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and pulmonary distension. However, different medical practitioners and scholars hold diverse understandings of Xuming Decoction.
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In order to develop a transgenic zebrafish line with green fluorescent protein (enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) expressed specifically in muscle and heart, the recombinant expression vector constructed using the zebrafish ttn.2 gene promoter fragment and EGFP gene coding sequence and the capped mRNA of Tol2 transposase were co-injected into the zebrafish 1-cell stage embryos. The stable genetic Tg (ttn.2: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish line was successfully developed by fluorescence detection, followed by genetic hybridization screening and molecular identification. Fluorescence signals and whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that EGFP expression was located in muscle and heart, the specificity of which was consistent with the expression of ttn.2 mRNA. Inverse PCR showed that EGFP was integrated into chromosomes 4 and 11 of zebrafish in No. 33 transgenic line, while integrated into chromosome 1 in No. 34 transgenic line. The successful construction of this fluorescent transgenic zebrafish line, Tg (ttn.2: EGFP), laid a foundation for the research of muscle and heart development and related diseases. In addition, the transgenic zebrafish lines with strong green fluorescence can also be used as a new ornamental fish.
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Animales , Pez Cebra/genética , Animales Modificados Genéticamente/genética , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Pez Cebra/genética , Regiones Promotoras GenéticasRESUMEN
Objective To explore the effects of low centrifugal force on sperm morphology analysis of normal and non-liquefied semen samples.Methods A total of 169 patients who underwent semen routine examination and sperm morphology analysis at the Reproduc-tive Center of the 904th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2021 to December 2021 were collected as the study subjects.Among them,126 were the patients with normal semen routine parameters,and 43 with non-liquefied semen.The mor-phological analysis results of 126 normal semen samples treated by the direct smear method and centrifugation methods under two differ-ent of low centrifugal force were compared.The results of morphological analysis for the 43 non-liquefied semen samples treated by the direct smear method after promoting liquefaction and centrifugation were compared.Results The percentage of normal morphological sperm[(9.39±0.50)%]obtained by centrifugation of 340xg centrifugal force for 10 min was significantly lower than that[(11.08± 0.41)%]obtained by the direct smear method,and the abnormal rate of sperm in the middle segment[(62.05±1.44)%]obtained by centrifugation of 340xg centrifugal force was significantly higher than that[(57.17±0.82)%]obtained by the direct smear method.The percentage of normal morphological sperm[(9.41±0.57)%]obtained by centrifugation at 151×g centrifugal force was significantly lower than that obtained by the direct smear method,and the abnormal rate of sperm in the middle segment[(60.95±1.17)%]ob-tained by centrifugation at 151×g centrifugal force was significantly higher than that obtained by the direct smear method.For non-lique-fied semen samples,the percentage of normal morphological sperm obtained by centrifugation at 340xg centrifugal force for 10 min was[(9.61±0.60)%],while that obtained by the direct smear method after promoting liquefaction was[(11.10±0.73)%].The difference was not statistically significant between the two methods.The abnormal rate of sperm in the middle segment[(60.21±1.51)%]ob-tained by the centrifugation method was also not significantly different from that[(57.36±1.34)%]obtained by the direct smear meth-od after promoting liquefaction.Conclusion Both kinds of low centrifugal force affected the sperm morphology.However,the low cen-trifugal force has no significant effect on the non-liquefied semen.In the clinical application of sperm morphology analysis,the nature of male semen should be referred to determine whether the centrifugation is need or not and the magnitude of centrifugal force.
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AIM To study the secondary metabolites from symbiotic fungi Talaromyces amestolkiae of Syngnathus acus Linnaeus.METHODS The methanol extract from Talaromyces amestolkiae fermentation was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,TLC and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzeneethanol(1),aspergillumarins A(2),peniciisocoumarins H(3),2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone(4),6-demethylvermistatin(5),penicimarin B(6),penicimarin C(7),8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylisocoumarin(8),polygonolide(9),ganoderpurine(10).CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new natural product.Compounds 3-5,8-10 are isolated from this fungi for the first time.
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Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a congenital, motile ciliopathy with pleiotropic symptoms. Although nearly 50 causative genes have been identified, they only account for approximately 70% of definitive PCD cases. Dynein axonemal heavy chain 10 (DNAH10) encodes a subunit of the inner arm dynein heavy chain in motile cilia and sperm flagella. Based on the common axoneme structure of motile cilia and sperm flagella, DNAH10 variants are likely to cause PCD. Using exome sequencing, we identified a novel DNAH10 homozygous variant (c.589C > T, p.R197W) in a patient with PCD from a consanguineous family. The patient manifested sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, and asthenoteratozoospermia. Immunostaining analysis showed the absence of DNAH10 and DNALI1 in the respiratory cilia, and transmission electron microscopy revealed strikingly disordered axoneme 9+2 architecture and inner dynein arm defects in the respiratory cilia and sperm flagella. Subsequently, animal models of Dnah10-knockin mice harboring missense variants and Dnah10-knockout mice recapitulated the phenotypes of PCD, including chronic respiratory infection, male infertility, and hydrocephalus. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report DNAH10 deficiency related to PCD in human and mouse models, which suggests that DNAH10 recessive mutation is causative of PCD.
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Humanos , Masculino , Animales , Ratones , Semen/metabolismo , Dineínas/metabolismo , Cilios/metabolismo , Mutación , Trastornos de la Motilidad Ciliar/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To study the protective effect of hyperoside (Hyp) against ydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- induced oxidative damage in mouse spermatocytes GC-2 cells and explore the role of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in this protective mechanism.@*METHODS@#GC-2 cells were treated with 2.5 mmol/L azaacetylcysteine (NAC), 50, 100, and 200 μmol/L hyperoside, or the culture medium for 48 h before exposure to H2O2 (150 μmol/L) for 2 h. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the changes in cell viability, and cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the culture medium. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was detected using immunofluorescence assay.@*RESULTS@#Exposure to H2O2 significantly lowered the proliferation rate, reduced the activities of SOD, GSH and CAT, and obviously increased MDA content, cell apoptosis rate, and the expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 mRNA and Keap1 protein in GC-2 cells (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Treatment of the cells prior to H2O2 exposure with either NAC or 200 μmol/L hyperoside significantly increased the cell proliferation rate, enhanced the activities of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT, and lowered MDA content and cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.05). Treatment with 200 μmol/L hyperoside significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of Keap1 and increased the expressions of HO-1 mRNA and the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Hyperoside also caused obvious nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the cells (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Hyperoside protects GC-2 cells against H2O2- induced oxidative damage possibly by activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Espermatocitos/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Activation and inflammation of microglial correlate with progressive neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’ s disease (PD). γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, has recently been shown to play an inhibitory role in the immune system, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, the results showed that LPS promoted the release of inflammatory factors in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group (P<0. 01). Meanwhile, cell viability and cytotoxicity assays showed that the released inflammatory factors could induce the decline of SH-SY5Y cell viability. BV2 microglia cells were pretreated with GABA and Muscimol, a GABA
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OBJECTIVE@#To bring forward an arthroscopic classification of the popliteal hiatus of the lateral meniscus (PHLM) tears and to assess the effects of arthroscopic all-inside repair with suture hook in management of such injuries.@*METHODS@#This study involved 146 patients who underwent arthroscopic operation because of PHLM tears from April 2014 to October 2017, eliminating the patients who had discoid lateral meniscus. There were 81 males and 65 females, with 54 left knees and 92 right knees. The average ages were (34.7±3.7) years. Among the selected participants, there were 107 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, 39 patients with medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries, and 48 patients with medial meniscus tears. The average preoperative Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were 57.7±9.2 and 54.1±8.9, respectively. The arthroscopic classification was based on the extent and degree of PHLM tears and using the arthroscopic all-inside repair with suture hook for such injuries. For the patients associated with ACL injuries, the ipsilateral autograft hamstring tendons use as the reconstruction graft for single bundle ACL reconstructions. The suture anchors were used for treatment of MCL Ⅲ injuries, and the arthroscopic all-inside repair for medial meniscus tears.@*RESULTS@#A total of 146 PHLM tears in 146 patients were divided into type Ⅰ (tears not involved in popliteus tendon incisura; n=86, 58.9%), type Ⅱ (tears involved in popliteomeniscal fascicles; n=36, 24.7%), and type Ⅲ (tears involved in popliteus tendon incisura; n=24, 16.4%). For type Ⅰ, there were three subtypes, including type Ⅰa: longitudinal tear (n=53, 61.6%), type Ⅰb: horizontal tear (n=27, 31.4%), and type Ⅰc: radial tear (n=6, 7.0%). For type Ⅱ, there were also three subtypes, including type Ⅱa: anterosuperior popliteomeniscal fascicle tear (n=5, 13.9%), type Ⅱb: posterosuperior popliteomeniscal fascicle tear (n=20, 55.6%), and type Ⅱc: both tears (n=11, 30.6%). For type Ⅲ, there were two subtypes, including type Ⅲa: horizontal tear (n=9, 37.5%), type Ⅲb: radial tear (n=15, 62.5%). In the follow-up for an average of 15.3±2.6 months, all the patients had done well with significantly improved Lysholm (84.6±14.3) and IKDC (83.2±12.8) scores at the end of the last follow-up relative to preoperative scores (P > 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#We propose that it is possible to classify lateral meniscus tears at the popliteal hiatus region for three types, which can summarize the injury characteristics of this area. The arthroscopic all-inside repair with suture hook for the PHLM tears can avoid stitching to popliteal tendon or narrowing popliteal hiatus and have satisfactory clinical results.
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Artroscopía , Meniscos Tibiales/cirugía , Lesiones de Menisco Tibial/cirugíaRESUMEN
Shugoshin-1 (SGOLl) is one of the human homologues of yeast Shugoshin that locates in the centromeric region. It prevents premature division of the eentromerie cohesin complex and maintaining chromosome stability. Very recently, the role of SGOLl in tumors has emerged, but its role in lung cancer is unclear. In this study, we identify that SGOLl was upregulated in lung cancer samples from the TCGA database (n=529, P< 0.00001), which was correlated to the overall survival time of lung cancer patients (P = 0.0049). Detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, we demonstrate that SGOLl was consistently upregulated in lung cancer cell lines than normal epithelial cell line. Regulatory effects of SGOLl on cell viability, clonality, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells A549 and NCI-H2405 were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), Colony formation, Scratch and Transwell assays, respectively. Compared with the control group, knockdown of SGOLl significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in A549 and NCI-H2405 cells (P<0. 05). A positive correlation was identified between expression levels of pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) and SGOLl in the TCGA data-base (r=0. 38, P = 0). Western blotting results showed that knockdown of SGOLl in A549 and NCI-H2405 cells down-regulated PKM2 as well. In addition, co-interventions of SGOLl and PKM2 were performed in A549 and NCI-H2405 cells to clarify the interaction mechanism between them. The results showed that overexpression of PKM2 in lung cancer cells could partially reverse the regulatory effects of SGOLl knockdown on proliferation, migration and invasion (P<0. 05). Therefore, our study showed that SGOLl promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating PKM2. This study provided a theoretical basis for the mechanism of SGOLl in lung cancer.
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Objective@#To construct 131I-the fifth generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM(G5.0)) with targeting peptide Ser-Arg-Glu-Ser-Pro-His-Pro (SRESPHP; SR) or Gly-Pro-Leu-Pro-Leu-Arg (GPLPLR; GP) and double targeting peptide SR/GP, and evaluate the targeting ability in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) model.@*Methods@#PAMAM(G5.0), PAMAM(G5.0)-SR, PAMAM(G5.0)-GP and PAMAM(G5.0)-SR/GP were radiolabeled with 131I by chloramine T method. The radiolabeled yield and radiochemical purity were determined by thin layer chromatography. MTC xenografts were developed and the percentage radio-activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) in tumor and organs was measured at 24 h post-injection. Region of interest (ROI) was drawn and the tumor/non-tumor (T/NT) ratios at 4, 8 and 24 h post-injection were calculated and compared among different groups. One-way analysis of variance, repetitive measurement analysis of variance and Dunnett-t test were used to compare the data of different groups. The relationship between %ID/g and T/NT was analyzed with Pearson correlation.@*Results@#The radiolabeled yield was more than 75% and radiochemistry purity was more than 90%. The difference of %ID/g at 24 h post-injection was significant (F=14.400, P<0.001) in tumors of all groups. The radioactive uptake in tumor of 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-SR group was the highest at 24 h post-injection((1.80±0.18) %ID/g). There were significant differences of T/NT ratios among different groups(F=4.776, P<0.05)and between different time points(F=8.630, P<0.05). Compared with negative control group (Na131I), the T/NT ratios significantly increased in 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-SR group at 4, 8 and 24 h post-injection (t=4.169, 7.123 and 4.032, all P<0.05) and in 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-GP group at 4 h post-injection (t=5.893, P<0.05). The T/NT ratio in 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-SR group was higher than that in 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-GP group at 24 h post-injection (t=2.871, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#PAMAM(G5.0)-SR, PAMAM(G5.0)-GP and PAMAM(G5.0)-SR/GP can target the MTC models. 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-SR has the best biological properties and may provide a new precision method for MTC diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of nine components in Huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid, and to improve and perfect the quality standard of Huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid. METHODS: The contents of nine components in 10 batches of Huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid were determined by HPLC, such as licorice coumarin, isorlicin, liquiritinapioside, narirutin, liquiritin, saponins, hesperidin, magnolol and honokiol. The determination was performed on Kromasil Eternity XT-5-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm, and column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS: The linear range of licorice coumarin, isorlicin, liquiritinapioside, narirutin, liquiritin, saponins, hesperidin, magnolol and honokiolin were 0.000 5-0.007 5, 0.000 8-0.025 0, 0.006 1-0.976 0, 0.001 6-0.250 0, 0.007 8-0.025 0, 0.000 4- 0.062 7, 0.008 6-0.276 0, 0.010 0-0.500 0, 0.010 0-0.500 0 mg/mL (r=0.999 2-1.000 0). The detection limits were 0.001 3, 0.000 1, 0.004 7, 0.005 0, 0.012 0, 0.001 3, 0.007 8, 0.007 7 0, 0.005 8 μg/mL, and the quantitative limits were 0.013 0, 0.000 8, 0.047 0, 0.050 0, 0.120 0, 0.013 0, 0.078 0, 0.070 0, 0.058 0 μg/mL, respectively; RSD of precision, stability and repeatability tests were less than 3.0% (n=6). Average recovery rates were 98.67%, 101.85%, 98.97%, 103.05%, 100.00%, 97.78%, 97.91%, 100.13%, 101.95%; RSDs were 1.14%, 2.18%, 0.40%, 0.17%, 1.38%, 0.85%, 1.38%, 0.10%, 1.35% (n=6). CONCLUSIONS: The established method is accurate and reliable, which can provide reference for the establishment of the overall quality control evaluation system and the improvement of quality standard for Huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents in theendophytic fungus Nigrospora oryzae from Cordyceps. Method: It was cultured with brownrice,and isolated and purified by chromatographic procedures, and the compounds were identified by NMR,ESI-MS and other spectral methods. Result: Totally 15 compounds were identified as mellein (1),linoleic acid (2),2-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol (3),(3R)-mellein methyl ether (4),(3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein (5),2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (6),3-phenylpropane-1,2-diol (7),1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (8),cyclo-(R-Prommmm-S-Ile) (9),cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Leu) (10),2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11),4-hydroxy-8-O-methylmellein (12),cyclo-(S-Pro-S-Phe) (13),cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Ile) (14),cyclo-(D-Pro-L-Leu) (15). Conclusion: Compounds 1-15 were isolated from this fungus for the first time.
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Objective To construct 131 I-the fifth generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM(G5.0)) with targeting peptide Ser-Arg-Glu-Ser-Pro-His-Pro (SRESPHP;SR) or Gly-Pro-Leu-Pro-Leu-Arg (GPLPLR;GP) and double targeting peptide SR/GP,and evaluate the targeting ability in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) model.Methods PAMAM(GS.0),PAMAM(GS.0)-SR,PAMAM(GS.0)-GP and PAMAM(GS.0)-SR/GP were radiolabeled with 131I by chloramine T method.The radiolabeled yield and radiochemical purity were determined by thin layer chromatography.MTC xenografts were developed and the percentage radio-activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) in tumor and organs was measured at 24 h post-injection.Region of interest (ROI) was drawn and the tumor/non-tumor (T/NT) ratios at 4,8 and 24 h post-injection were calculated and compared among different groups.One-way analysis of variance,repetitive measurement analysis of variance and Dunnett-t test were used to compare the data of different groups.The relationship between %ID/g and T/NT was analyzed with Pearson correlation.Results The radiolabeled yield was more than 75% and radiochemistry purity was more than 90%.The difference of %lD/g at 24 h post-injection was significant (F=14.400,P<0.001) in tumors of all groups.The radioactive uptake in tumor of 131I-PAMAM (G5.0)-SR group was the highest at 24 h post-injection ((1.80± 0.18) %ID/g).There were significant differences of T/NT ratios among different groups (F =4.776,P< 0.05)and between different time points (F =8.630,P<0.05).Compared with negative control group (Na131 I),the T/NT ratios significantly increased in 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-SR group at 4,8 and 24 h post-injection (t=4.169,7.123 and 4.032,all P<0.05) and in 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-GP group at 4 h post-injection (t =5.893,P<0.05).The T/NT ratio in 131I-PAMAM (G5.0)-SR group was higher than that in 131 I-PAMAM (G5.0)-GP group at 24 h post-injection (t=2.871,P<0.05).Conclusions PAMAM(G5.0)-SR,PAMAM(G5.0)-GP and PAMAM(G5.0)-SR/GP can target the MTC models.131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-SR has the best biological properties and may provide a new precision method for MTC diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation.
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Objective To confirm the optimal tissue sampling location of current injury combined with the histopathological observation in specific parts of electrocution based on previous animal experiments. Methods Twenty-three human cases from the autopsy through the hand-to-foot circuit pathway were analyzed. Additional ten autopsy patients who died from traffic accidents and sudden cardiac attacks were used as the control group. All cases were extracted the soft tissues from the upper anterior wrist and medial malleolus to further observe and analysis the L/S axis ratio of the nuclei of the skeletal muscle cells (SkMCs) and artery smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Results The age of the 23 eligible electrical deaths ranged from 19 to 59 years, including 19 cases were male and 4 cases were female. 3 cases were high-voltage 20 cases were low voltage. The occurrence rate of electric marks averaged 31.18% in all cases. The incidence of the classical arborizing pattern of fine branching was 36.4%, appearing on the pleura in 5 cases (22.7%). The nuclei of the SkMCs and ASMCs nuclei in the anterior wrist and medial malleolus within the electrical current pathway were obviously stretched, narrowed, and coalesced, presenting a nuclear polarization and arranging as line-like and moniliform patterns. The L/S axis ratio of those nuclei in the anterior wrist and medial malleolus were markedly increased as compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Through the ROC curve analysis, the critical diagnostic values of the L/S axis ratio of those nuclei were respectively 4.84 and 3.81. Conclusion These findings suggest that the soft tissues of the anterior wrist and/or the medial malleolus, as the narrowest parts of the limbs, could be used as the sites for tissue sampling and considered as necessary locations for histopathological examinations to determine the electrocution in medicolegal identification.
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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common clinical type of epilepsy,which is generally available for drug therapy.Surgical operation will be considered when patients developing into refractory epilepsy.Currently,treatment response evaluation is based on the observation of seizure remission in a certain period,and the real-time and objective evaluation is unavailable.With the improvement of MRI technology and image analysis methods,the multimodal MRI has been widely used to assess the effectiveness of TLE treatment.The progresses of multi-modal MRI and its new technique in assessment of epilepsy remission and cognitive function in TLE patients were reviewed in this article.
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Liver cancer is a common type of malignant tumor in digestive system. At present, computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Segmentation of tumor lesions based on CT is thus critical in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Due to the limitations of manual segmentation, such as inefficiency and subjectivity, the automatic and accurate segmentation based on advanced computational techniques is becoming more and more popular. In this review, we summarize the research progress of automatic segmentation of liver cancer lesions based on CT scans. By comparing and analyzing the results of experiments, this review evaluate various methods objectively, so that researchers in related fields can better understand the current research progress of liver cancer segmentation based on CT scans.
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Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) is a highly efficient platform specifically designed for research in the fields of radiation oncology and radiobiology.This platform possesses precise radiometers with gantries capable of isocentric,coplanar,and non-coplanar contormal irradiation.Based on the three-dimensional images acquired by the cone-beam computed tomography,the platform can perform real time treatment planning and irradiation,which assures timeliness for precise irradiation and research on small animals.The wide application of SARRP not only accelerates the bench to bedside translation,but also facilitates the development of radiation oncology and radiobiology.
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Integrative medicine is the effective combination of dual diagnosis of Chinese medicine and western medicine.The combination can broaden the scope of clinical diagnosis and combine the local pathological changes with the overall response of the human disease.It can add a more comprehensive understanding of diseases for people.Clinically treated with combination of Chinese medicine and western medicine can achieve the complement of advantages.It is significant.Because the theory system of Chinese medicine compared with western medicine is different and the theory system of combination is not practical and standardized.The methods of clinical diagnosis and treatment are also different.So there are still some problems and deficiencies in the integrative medicine.In this study,through extensive literature research,as well as the clinical investigation in some integrative medicine hospitals and the collection of related clinical data,we compared and analyzed the academic ideas and different features of Chinese medicine and western medicine,analysed the status and the insufficience of current clinical integrative medicine.Finally,we put forward a series of effective strategies and methods for how to combine with integrative medicine in a specific,reasonable and effective way.
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OBJECTIVE To study the influence of glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) over expres?sion in the hippocampus on the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of total flavoids from Xiaobuxin Tang (XBXT-2). METHODS Adeno-associated virus containing GSK3β(S9A) mutation was microinjected into the hippocampus. After three weeks of recovery, GSK3βand p-GSK3βwere detected by Western blotting, and open field test (OFT) was used to evaluate the locomotor activity. Then, AAV group and GSK3β over expression group were divided into administration group and solvent group, respectively. XBXT-2 (100 mg · kg-1) and solvent were ig administered chronically. After 14 d and 16 d of administra?tion, the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were used to investigate the influence of GSK3βover expression on the antidepressant effect of XBXT-2, respectively. After 18 d and 20 d of administration, the elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and staircase test (ST) were used to investigate the influence of GSK3β over expression on the anxiolytic effects of XBXT-2, respectively. RESULTS Western blotting analysis showed that the protein level of GSK3βincreased significantly in GSK3βover expression group (P<0.01) compared with AAV group, but there was no significant difference in p-GSK3β. In OFT, the number of crossings and rearings showed no difference between AAV group and GSK3β over expression group. The results of TST and FST showed that compared with AAV group, the immobility time was significantly reduced in AAV+XBXT-2 group (P<0.05, P<0.01), but compared with GSK3β over expression group, the immobility time showed no difference in GSK3β over expression+XBXT-2 group. In EPMT, compared with AAV group, the percentage of entrances and time into open arms in AAV+XBXT-2 group was significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), but compared with GSK3βover expression group, these indexes showed no difference in GSK3βover expression+XBXT-2 group. In ST, compared with AAV group, the number of rearings was significantly reduced in AAV+XBXT-2 group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between GSK3β over expression+XBXT-2 group and GSK3βover expression group. CONCLUSION GSK3βover expression in the hippocampus can reverse the antidepressant effects of XBXT-2 in the TST and FST, and the anxiolytic effects in the EPM and ST.
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Objective To establish UV spectrophotometry and HPLC methods for content determinations of total flavonoids and puerarin from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix; To compare the ultrasonic method at room temperature, conventional refluxing method and ultrasonic method at heating conditions at the aspect of content determinations. Methods The content determinations of total flavonoids was determined by UV spectrophotometry at 250 nm; the content of puerarin was determined by HPLC with octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the stationary phase, a mixture of methanol and water (25:75) as the mobile phase, 256 nm as the detection wavelength, 1.0 mL/min as the flow rate. Results Contents of total flavonoids in Puerariae Lobatae Radix by ultrasonic method at room temperature, conventional refluxing method and ultrasonic method were15.09%, 14.48%, and 12.71% (n=3), respectively. The contents of puerarin were 4.37%, 4.09%, and 3.80% (n=3), respectively. Contents of total flavonoids in Puerariae Thomsonii Radix were 2.09%, 2.23%, and 2.17% (n=3), respectively. The contents of puerarin were 0.50%, 0.53%, and 0.52% (n=3), respectively. Conclusion Ultrasonic method at room temperature can replace conventional refluxing method for content determinations of total flavonoids and puerarin from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, and ultrasonic method at heating conditions also can replace conventional refluxing method for content determinations of total flavonoids puerarin from Puerariae Thomsonii Radix. Puerarin contents from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix in South Anhui Province are all in line with the Pharmacopoeia standards.