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Currently， there are many difficulties in formulating recommendations of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） clinical practice guidelines. This paper analyzed and summarized the unique or prominent difficult issues in the formulation of recommendations faced by TCM guidelines， such as experts' professional background and experience bringing about the preferance from the academic emotion， inconsistency between different academic schools making it difficult to reach consensus， lack of guiding principles of the decision weight of different dimensions for recommendations. Therefore， methodological suggestions have been put forward， including organizing parallel TCM and western medicine consensus group， improving the method of combining TCM and western medicine paradigm， attaching great importance to the evidence-based governance of academic schools， and promoting the research on different dimensions for recommendation formulation， which may provide a methodological reference for the guideline development.
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This article discusses an education model that aims to contribute to students' growth and success and develop students' knowledge, abilities, and values based on the concept of outcome-based education (OBE). Under the guidance of this concept, measures have been taken from multiple dimensions, such as adopting a student-centered approach in theory course teaching, forming a team of teaching assistants, strengthening curriculum ideology and politics, optimizing curriculum content design, reforming teaching methods and teaching platforms, and enhancing feedback to teaching. Rehabilitation medicine courses taught with the OBE concept achieved better outcomes than those taught with conventional approaches adopted in the previous years, with satisfaction, acceptance, and recognition rates of higher than 95% among the students, as well as higher excellent and good rates in the end-of-semester tests compared with those of the same course last year. The preliminary exploration of the teaching reform under this model has provided reference for improving the quality of rehabilitation medicine teaching and cultivating modern professional talents in rehabilitation medicine.
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Syndrome differentiation and treatment is a unique mode of diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The establishment of scientific and standardized syndrome diagnosis standards is an important link to evaluate the clinical efficacy of TCM objectively and systematically， and also a prerequisite for the promotion and development of TCM to obtain international recognition. This article reviewed the basic modes and existed problems of the current syndrome diagnosis criteria， and proposed to construct a multidimensional core information set integrating the minimized core symptoms， the artificial intelligence signs， the multi-modal laboratory indicators， and multi-omics specific markers， so as to present syndrome characteristics from multiple perspectives systematically. This paper also described the basic mode， constructure， as well as the process and methodology to be adopted in the establishment of the standardized diagnostic research method. The core information set of diagnostic symptoms not only took into account the specificity of the disease， but also improved the inconsistency due to the complexity and subjectivity of the syndrome differentiation， thereby providing a methodological basis for the standardization of TCM syndrome differentiation in clinical research.
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Objective:To explore the relationship between integrin ɑ3(ITGA3)expression and immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:Bioinformatic methods were used to analyze ITGA3 mRNA expression in pan-cancer and CRC tissues,as well as its associ-ation with CRC prognosis.The correlation between ITGA3 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was also investigated.In total,233 cases of CRC diagnosed at Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital between January and December 2021 were included,and ITGA3,CD8,CD163,FOXP3,PD-L1,CTLA-4,and PD-1 expression in CRC tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC)to analyze the relationship between ITGA3 and infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoints.Results:Bioinformatics analysis showed elevated ITGA3 mRNA levels in CRC.High ITGA3 expression was associated with PFS(P＜0.05).Univariate and multifactorial analyses showed that age and stage were significantly cor-related with prognosis(P＜0.05).In addition,ITGA3 upregulation was closely correlated with multiple immune cell infiltration levels in CRC.Furthermore,IHC results showed that ITGA3 expression in CRC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues(P＜0.05).ITGA3 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05)and correlated with the expression of immune markers,such as CD8+T-cells,PD-L1,and CTLA-4(P＜0.05).Conclusions:ITGA3 is highly expressed in CRC,which is closely related to immune cell infiltration and may regulate the tumor immune microenvironment,which provides a new idea for clinical treatment and a potential new independent predictive marker.