Tobacco retailer outside middle schools in Wuhan City and its impact on smoking behavior among students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the distribution of tobacco retailer within 100 meters outside middle schools in Wuhan City and its impact on smoking behavior of middle school students, so as to provide basis and feasible suggestions for the development of tobacco control policy for adolescents.@*Methods@#From February to May 2023, a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 20 middle schools from 4 districts in Wuhan City. To investigate the distribution of tobacco retailer within 100 metres outside the school and the sale of tobacco to minors. A total of 4 882 students were surveyed using the core questions of the 2021 Chinese Adolescent Tobacco Prevalence Questionnaire. Fisher exact probability test, Chi square test and Chi square trend test were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#Nearly 70.00% of middle schools had tobacco retailer within 100 metres, with an average of (1.10±0.97) per middle school. The awareness rate (100.00%) and labeling rate (87.50%) of licensed tobacco retailer were higher than those of non licensed tobacco retailer (33.33%, 16.67%) ( P <0.05). The rates of tried smoking, current smoking and buying cigarettes within 30 days were 7.13%, 1.99% and 2.54%, respectively. The rates of students who tried smoking ( 8.58 %), current smoking (2.29%) and buying cigarettes within 30 days (2.85%) in schools with tobacco retailer within 100 metres were higher than those in schools without tobacco retailer (3.79%, 1.28%, 1.83%)( χ 2=35.80, 5.37, 4.37 , P <0.05). And as the grade increased, the rates of tried smoking, current smoking and buying cigarettes among middle school students all showed an upward trend ( χ 2 trend =66.20, 36.10, 16.17, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Middle school students in Wuhan City have high tobacco availability. The findings suggest that school ban should be extended from 50 meters to 100 meters, and the regulatory authorities must strictly prohibit selling tobacco products to minors at tobacco retailer.

Gegen Qinliantang and Its Modification in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Gegen Qinliantang composed of Puerariae Lobatae Radix， Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma exhibits exterior-releasing and interior-clearing effects and can treat diarrhea caused by fever invasion. Therefore， it is highly praised by physicians for treating damp-heat dysentery. This article systematically reviews the clinical applications and basic research advances of Gegen Qinliantang in treating ulcerative colitis. Modern clinical research has demonstrated that modified Gegen Qinliantang has also been used to treat ulcerative colitis， and it is often used in combination with Western drugs （mesalazine， olsalazine， sulfasalazine， etc.）， other Chinese medicine prescriptions （Tongxie Yaofang， Baitouweng Tang， Shaoyaotang， Xianglianwan， etc.）， and acupuncture. Such therapties can significantly alleviate symptoms， such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and mucopurulent bloody stools， lower traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores and Baron score， improve the quality of life and sleep， reduce adverse reactions， and decrease the relapse rate within one year. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Gegen Qinliantang can inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines， such as tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and enhance the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 （IL-10） to alleviate intestinal inflammation. Additionally， it can modulate cellular signaling pathways and interfere with upstream and downstream connections in the pathways to inhibit oxidative stress response and prevent cell apoptosis. By regulating the balance of T-helper 17 （Th17） and regulatory T （Treg） cells and controlling the normal expression of immunoglobulins， Gegen Qinliantang can restore immune function. Moreover， this prescription can enrich the beneficial microorganisms in the intestine and stimulate intestinal epithelial cell regeneration to protect and repair the intestinal mucosal barrier. The active components in Gegen Qinliantang， such as puerarin， berberine， baicalin， and glycyrrhizin， can exert antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， and metabolic regulatory effects. This review provides a basis for treating ulcerative colitis with Gegen Qinliantang.

Clinical value of neonatal transport team participating in the management of twin neonates before transport / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To investigate and analyze the necessity and clinical significance of professional neonatal transport team participating in post-natal resuscitation, management and transport of twin neonates after birth.Methods:A total of 298 cases of twin neonates admitted to the Department of Neonatology at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were selected.According to whether the neonatal transport team participated in birth resuscitation and management, they were divided into participation group ( n=136) and case group ( n=162). The resuscitation measures taken after birth, Apgar score, respiratory support during transport, basic information at admission, the first arterial blood gas after admission, complications during hospitalization, length of stay and outcome of the two groups of twins were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Compared with twins in case group, the proportion of tracheal intubation before transport was significantly higher in participation group(5.88% vs.0.62%, χ2=6.997, P=0.013), hospital admissions were significantly shorter[48(7, 115) min vs.87(47, 425) min, Z=-11.593, P<0.001], and significantly lower rates of hypoxia on admission(9.56% vs.17.90%, χ2=4.250, P=0.039), significantly higher percutaneous oxygen saturation[96(86, 100)% vs.95(85, 100)%, Z=-7.274, P<0.001], and higher blood-gas-oxygen partial pressure on admission[(91.02±25.77)mmHg vs.(87.82±25.23)mmHg, t=1.076, P=0.008] were found.The incidence of hypothermia on admission was significantly lower(36.03% vs.47.53%, χ2=4.008, P=0.045), and the differences between two groups were statistically significant( P<0.05). The proportion of critically ill neonates(40.44% vs.24.07%, χ2=9.172, P=0.002), length of hospital-stay[11(4, 76)d vs.9(3, 72) d, Z=-2.684, P=0.014] as well as the intravenous nutrition time[7(0, 42)d vs.5(0, 40) d, Z=-2.470, P=0.014] in participaton group were significantly higher than those in case group, and there were statistically significant differences between two groups( P<0.05). Conclusion:Professional neonatal transport teams play a positive role in neonatal resuscitation and later hospitalization during the pre-transport management of twin neonates.It can improve success rate of tracheal intubation in asphyxia resuscitation of twin neonates.Neonatal transport to the NICU for management takes less time, reducing the incidence of hypoxemia during transport, hypoxia status and hypothermia after admission.Obstetric pediatric medical staff in midwifery hospitals should strengthen the professional training of neonatal asphyxiation resuscitation, improve the skill of neonatal asphyxiation resuscitation and tracheal intubation, and strengthen the post-birth care for twin neonates.

Application of carbon nanoparticles in tracing lymph nodes and locating tumors in colorectal cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

With the advancement of surgical techniques, the 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer has significantly improved. However, incomplete lymph node dissection during operation leads to local recurrence and distant metastasis of the tumor, which has seriously affected the prognosis of patients. In the era of laparoscopy, surgeons' sense of touch is limited, making it difficult to feel and distinguish lymph node metastasis and the location of early colorectal cancer with their hands. The emergence of carbon nanoparticle suspension can help surgeons accurately locate tumors and clean lymph nodes under laparoscopy. This article reviews the clinical application of carbon nanoparticles in lymph node tracing and tumor location in colorectal cancer.

Recovery of proprioception after lateral ankle sprain / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo observe the recovery of proprioception of the affected ankle over time after lateral ankle sprain accepting routine rehabilitation. MethodsFrom June, 2020 to June, 2022, 18 patients with lateral ankle sprain in Kunshan Rehabilitation Hospital underwent routine rehabilitation for twelve weeks. They were measured active and passive position sense of bilateral ankles using an isokinetic dynamometer before treatment, and four, eight and twelve weeks after treatment, respectively. ResultsThe active presentation difference of affected ankle reduced after treatment (F = 22.533, P < 0.001), but it was more than that of the healthy ankle at the same time (t > 4.419, P < 0.001). No significant improvement was found in passive presentation difference of affected ankle after treatment (F = 1.175, P > 0.05), and it was not significantly different from those of the healthy ankle at the same time (|t| < 0.646, P > 0.05). ConclusionProprioception of affected ankle has been impaired after lateral ankle sprain, and it can be recovered after rehabilitation, but cannot achieve the healthy level even after three months of training. Passive position sense as an index of proprioception needs more researches.

Do HBV DNA-negative HBsAg-positive patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis need antiviral therapy? / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common cause of liver disease in China, and with the continuous progress in the research on antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B, the indications for antiviral therapy are constantly expanding. However, there are still controversies over the indications for antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), especially those with negative HBV. By analyzing the limitations of HBV DNA detection, the risk of HBV reactivation in HBV-negative CHB patients, the risk of disease progression in the DNA-negative population with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis, antiviral response, and the economic benefits of antiviral therapy, this article proposes the necessity of antiviral therapy for HBV-negative HBsAg-positive patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Tianma Gouteng Yin protects rotenone-induced PC12 cell damage by inhibiting ferroptosis-lipid metabolism / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the effects and protective mechanism of Tianma Gouteng (TGY) against rotenone (Rot) damage in PC12 cells. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with Rot to establish nerve injury model and cell survival rate was determined by MTT colorimetry to determine the optimal modeling concentration of Rot and effective intervention concentration of TGY. Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence intensity was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope. The biochemical methods were used to detect, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) levels and activity and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). Transmission electron microscopy observed morphological change of mitochondria and protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), long chain lipoyl-coa synthase 4 (ACSL4) and lysophospholipid cholinyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) were detected by western blot. RESULTS: The survival rate of cells treated with 0.6 μmol/L Rot for 24 h was close to 50%(56.7%±9.9%). Pretreatment with TGY for 12 h could inhibit the damage of Rot. At the same time, the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Lipid ROS content increased after the treatment of Rot, whereas pretreatment with TGY effectively reduced lipid ROS content, decreased MDA level and increased SOD activity and GSH level in damaged cells in cells damaged by Rot. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the mitochondria of PC12 cells were shrunk after the damage of 0.6 μmol/L Rot and the mitochondrial morphology of PC12 cells was improved to some extent after preprotection of TGY compared with normal group. Western blot results showed that TGY pretreatment could increase the expression of GPX4 and reduce the expression of ACSL4 and LPCAT3 after damage of Rot to a certain extent. CONCLUSION: TGY can improve nerve damage by up-regulating the expression of GPX4 protein, down-regulating the expression of ACSL4 and LPCAT3 protein to inhibit the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, reduce the level of lipid peroxidation and ROS content.

Gastrodin inhibits H / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the protective mechanism of gastrodin against hydrogen peroxide (H

Epidemiological investigation on a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate and analysis the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster epidemic of COIVD-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin, evduate the prevention and control measures based on limited evidence and experience in early period of COVID-19 epidemic. Methods Descriptive research method was used to describe the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of the cluster cases of COVID-19. Results Since the onset of the first index case on January 15, ten confirmed COVID-19 cases had occurred in the workplace, and the epidemic had spread from the workplace to 4 families, infecting 7 family members. The median age of 17 cases was 55 (19-79) years. All the 10 employee cases were males, and in 7 family cases, 3 were males and 4 were females. Of the employee cases, 8 worked in CW workshop and 2 worked in administrative office building. The median exposure-onset interval of all the cases was 4 (0-12) days, and the median exposure-onset interval was 4.5 days in the employee cases and 4 days in the family cases. The median onset-medical care seeking interval was 4 days in the non-isolated cases, 2.5 days in the cases with home isolation after onset, and 0.5 day in the cases with home isolation before onset. Conclusion The clustering of COVID-19 cases was observed in this workplace in Tianjin, which affected 4 families. In the early stage of the epidemic, accurate and rapid blocking and control measures can completely prevent the large-scale spread of COVID-19.

Reciprocal regulation between lunapark and atlastin facilitates ER three-way junction formation

Three-way junctions are characteristic structures of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Junctions are formed through atlastin (ATL)-mediated membrane fusion and stabilized by lunapark (Lnp). However, how Lnp is preferentially enriched at three-way junctions remains elusive. Here, we showed that Lnp loses its junction localization when ATLs are deleted. Reintroduction of ATL1 R77A and ATL3, which have been shown to cluster at the junctions, but not wild-type ATL1, relocates Lnp to the junctions. Mutations in the N-myristoylation site or hydrophobic residues in the coiled coil (CC1) of Lnp N-terminus (NT) cause mis-targeting of Lnp. Conversely, deletion of the lunapark motif in the C-terminal zinc finger domain, which affects the homo-oligomerization of Lnp, does not alter its localization. Purified Lnp-NT attaches to the membrane in a myristoylation-dependent manner. The mutation of hydrophobic residues in CC1 does not affect membrane association, but compromises ATL interactions. In addition, Lnp-NT inhibits ATL-mediated vesicle fusion in vitro. These results suggest that CC1 in Lnp-NT contacts junction-enriched ATLs for proper localization; subsequently, further ATL activity is limited by Lnp after the junction is formed. The proposed mechanism ensures coordinated actions of ATL and Lnp in generating and maintaining three-way junctions.

Application of six sigma in processing of non-coated surgical instrument / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To apply six sigma management method to optimizing flow,enhancing treatment quality,prolonging service life and decreasing purchase cost of the non-coated surgical instrument.Methods The treatment flow of the noncoated surgical instrument was optimized through five steps of six sigma method including defining,measuring,analyzing,improving and controlling.The treatment results before and after flow optimization were compared,analyzed and evaluated.Results The rates for corrosion and rejection were both decreased significantly after flow optimization,while the quality was increased obviously (P＜0.05).Conclusion Six sigma management method involved in the treatment of the non-coated surgical instrument saves purchase cost,enhances the efficiency of disinfection supply room and facilitates effective supervision and monitoring.

Evaluation of effect of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic bile duct exploration lithotomy in treatment of intra/extra-hepatic duct stones / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic bile duct exploration lithotomy (LBDEL) in treatment of intra/extra-hepatic duct stones. Methods There were 110 patients whose intrahepatic stones located in Ⅰ , Ⅱ hepatic duct and 378 patients whose stones only located in the common bile duct. These patients respectively underwent LBDE combined with choledochoscope laser lithotripsy or ERCP combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) to remove the stones. Common bile ducts were performed primary suture or T tube placement in the LBDEL cases. The evaluation was carried out for perioperative complications and postoperative recovery of the surgical methods. Results The residual stone rate was 31.82% in 110 cases. The rate was higher in ERCP group (51.06%) than that in LBDEL group (17.46%) (P < 0.05). Postoperative recovery was better in LBDEL group than that in ERCP group. The residual stone rate was 8.20% in 378 cases. The rate was lower in ERCP group (3.68%) than that in LBDEL group(11.63%) (P < 0.05). Between the two groups, there had no statistical significance in postoperative recovery. The incidences of bile leakage and pulmonary infection were higher in LBDEL group than in ERCP group. The incidences of abdominal cavity infection, acute pancreatitis, digestive tract perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding were higher in ERCP group than that in LBDEL group. 2 of the 378 patients occurred death were happened digestive tract perforation which were induced during ERCP procedure. Conclusion LBDEL and ERCP demonstrated the same therapeutic effects in the treatment of common bile duct stones. However, ERCP has no large advantages in the treatment of hepatolithiasis, and shows higher complication rates. LBDEL has a significant curative effect for intra-and extrahepatic bile duct calculi and can maintain the integrity of Oddi sphincter. This technology is easy to spread to the basic-level hospital to benefit the majority of patients.

Analysis of diabetes mellitus increasing the risk of intravesical recurrence in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To investigate whether the risk of intravesical recurrence increases in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) and diabetes mellitus (DM) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff excision. Methods:We ret-rospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 282 UUT-UC patients with no history of bladder neoplasm and who underwent RNU with bladder cuff excision in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2005 to December 2013. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between the non-diabetic (233 patients) and diabetic (49 patients) patients. The factors influencing intravesical recurrence in patients with UUT-UC after RNU were analyzed. These factors included age, DM, pathologic grade, and stage. Results:Among the 282 patients included in the study, 80 (28.4%) patients developed intravesical recurrence during the median fol ow up of 41 months, and the median time to recurrence was 11 months. Non-diabetic patients had a significantly longer duration of bladder neoplasm RFS than diabetic patients (P=0.013). Multivariate analysis using Cox's regression model indicated that DM (P=0.014), renal pelvis and ureter tumor (P=0.001), and postoperative chemotherapy (P=0.024) were independent influential factors for intravesical recurrence in patients with UUT-UC after RNU with bladder cuff excision. Conclusion:DM posed an increased risk for intravesical recurrence after RNU with bladder cuff excision in patients with UUT-UC. Therefore, these patients need to be closely monitored, and their blood glucose must be controlled.

Mesohepatectomy combined with bile duct reconstruction for the treatment of hepatic cancer: a report of one case / 中华消化外科杂志

Comprehensive treatment dominated by surgery is the mainstay in the treatment of hepatic cancer,and hepatectomy is still the most effective treatment method.Bile duct reconstruction after hepatectomy is still the difficult point for the treatment of hepatic cancer complicated by bile duct invasion.A 45-year-old patient with hepatic cancer and gallstone was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and enhanced computed tomography indicated that intrahepatic duct was dilated and tumor had invaded both left and right hepatic ducts.Cholecystectomy,mesohepatectomy,duct to duct anastomosis of left hepatic duct and common hepatic duct,duct to duct anastomosis of right hepatic duct and cystic duct were performed during the operation.The patient was cured 2 weeks after surgery.

Diagnostic value of confocal laser endomicroscopy in predicting the grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia / 中华消化杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE)for the assessment of the grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia(GIM)in vivo.Methods Patients with known GIM underwent CLE(Pentax EC-3870K).The presence of GIM was indentified immediately by the endoscopist during the procedure.The updated Sydney Classifycation System as reference,GIM was subdivided as mild,moderate and severe according to the area of intestinal metaplasia glands and the number of goblet cells.The histological evaluation remained the gold standard for the final diagnosis of GIM.The presence of the dysplasia and the expression of the Ki67 were examined.Results A total of 151 GIM positive areas were found in 58 patients with mild in 92,moderate in 34.and severe in 25 by CLE. One hundred and forty-six GIM areas were examined histopathologically with positive rate of 96.7%(mild in 82,moderate in 36 and severe in 28).The sensitivity and specificity of CLE were 90.2%and 73.9%in diagnosis of mild GIM,69.4 oA and 92.2%in moderate GIM,71.4% and 95.9%in severe GIM.The kappa coefficient of CLE criteria and the histopathological grading for mild,moderate and severe GIM were 0.65,0.63 and 0.70,respectively.The more severe the GIM,the higher the ratio of incomplete GIM,the ratio of dysplasia and the stronger expression of Ki67.Conclusions CLE may offer an instant and reliable diagnosis for GIM with high accuracy.It is helpful in grading of GIM.

Confocal laser endomicroscopy in diagnosis of histological gastritis / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of confoeal laser endomicroscopy(CLE) in histological gastritis.Methods A total of 149 patients underwent CLE.Standard locations and focal lesions were examined by confocal imaging, and specimens were taken by targeted biopsy.The relationship between confocal images and histological findings were studied systemically.Results The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CLE in diagnosis of atrophy were 83.6%,99.6%and 97.5%,respectively;and those in moderate to severe neutrophil infiltration were 81.9%,99.3%,and 95.8%,respectively.The mean kappa values for inter-and intra-observer agreement on the classification of confocal images in groups were 0.749 and 0.811 respectively.Conclusion The validity and reproducibility of CLE in diagnosis of histologic gastritis are promising,which might warrant its further application in clinical practice.

Inhibition of NRF2 expression by RNAi in Caco-2 cells / 基础医学与临床

Objective To identify the RNA interference action of recombined pSUPER-NRF2 vectors for the expression of NRF2 gene in colon cancer cells.Methods Two sequences targeting at the ORF of NRF2 were cloned into RNA polymerase III based expression vector pSUPER.These recombinants were transfected into Caco-2 cells.Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were performed after transfection with pEGFP-N1 plasmids to observe the lipfectin transfection efficiency.The stable cells were selected in medium(48 h) after co-transfected pEGFP-N1 with G418. The expression of NRF2 was assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The construction of the recombinant expression vector pSUPER-NRF2-A1、B1 and its control vector pSUPER-NRF2-A2、B2 were successfully confirmed by the results of enzyme digestion,electrophoresis and sequencing. The transfection efficiency was 45.6%,74.3%,53.0% and 46.5% respectively in 24,48,72 and(96 h).We compared the ability of these vectors to inhibit NRF2 in a transient and stable expression experiment.Importantly,pSUPER-NRF2-B1 was able to knockdown NRF2 expression.pSUPER-NRF2-A1 only had a moderate activity,whereas pSUPER-NRF2-A2、(B2 were) inactive in this assay.Conclusion The constructed pSUPER-NRF2-A1、B1 showed an interfering effecton the expression of NRF2 and product the stable cells with low NRF2 expression.Therefore,the pSUPER vector constitutes a new and powerful system to analyze NRF2 gene function in colon cancer.

The consideration of professional settings about local medical colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Through the analysis of current situation of the setup of local professional institutions,the principles and characteristics,the author put forward countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the local medical professional institutions’ setup,to help local medical institutions’development and improve the quality of medicinal higher education.

Reflection on the construction of public health management teachers troop / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The specialized teacher troop is the discipline construction,the development key,the teaching leading force and the personnel training quality guarantee. At present stage the quantity and quality of the specialized public health management teacher staff in our school have gradually become the bottleneck for the career development. Only by sharpening teachers' scientific research ability unceasingly, enhances teachers ' individual accomplishment and the teacher troop's overall quality,improving their work quality,can we adapt to the career devel-opment under the new situation.