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Objective To explore the correlation between volumetric capnography(VCap)and traditional pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),so as to assess whether VCap can be used as alternative indicators for the evaluation of COPD severity when some of the elderly COPD patients do not accomplish the traditional pulmonary function tests.Methods 960 patients admitted to Fujian Geriatric Hospital from June 2008 to June 2015 and undergoing pulmonary function tests were included in the study.They were divided into 2 groups of the COPD group(640 cases)and the control group(320 cases).The pulmonary function of COPD group was divided into 4 subgroups(Ⅰ~Ⅳ).All persons received tests of traditional pulmonary function and VCap.The correlations between VCap and traditional pulmonary function indexes and between VCap and COPD severity were observed.Results The differences in Vm25-50/VT,Vm50-75/VT,dC/dV3,SR23 of VCap between the 4 subgroups(COPDⅠ~COPDⅣ)and control group were statistically significant(all P0.05).The difference in CO2 max between the COPD Ⅲ group(severe or more severe group)and control group was statistically significant(t=6.91 and 4.65,all P0.555,P<0.05).The specificity of Vm25-50/VT of VCap for the diagnosis of COPD was best,but its sensitivity was poor than other indexes of VCap.The indexes with both high sensitivity and high specificity were Vm50-75/VT and dC/dV3.Conclusions When the patients with COPD manifest the mild airflow limited,Vm25-50/VT,Vm50-75/VT,dC/dV3 and SR23 of VCap are gradually increased with abnormal VCap figures when the illness progressed.The CO2max of VCap might be one of the indexes for assessing the severity of severe or more severe COPD.
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Objective To explore the prevalence of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) and its risk factors in elderly people after gastrointestinal operation. Methods Seventy-five patients received parenteral nutrition (PN) after gastrointestinal operation were retrospectively analyzed. Age, height, body mass index, suftering diseases, history of diseases, time of therapy, total calorie, nonprotein calorie, the kind and amount of fat emulsion and amino acid, the amount of glucose, non-protein energy to nitrogen ratio, ratio of glucose to lipid, liver function, renal function and blood routine were collected. Results The prevalence of PNALD was 25.3% (19/75). The total calorie, nonprotein calorie, the amount of protein, the amount of glucose and ratio of glucose to lipid were obviously higher in PNALD group than in non-PNALD group [(24.0±6.5) vs. (20.7±5.4)kcal·kg-1·d-1, (20.5±5.5)vs. (17.2±4.8)kcal·kg-1·d-1, (1.0±0.3)vs. (0.9±0.2)g ·kg-1·d-1, (2.9±0.9)vs.(2.3±0.9)g·kg-1·d-1, 1.5±0.7 vs. 1.1±0.5; all P<0.05], while the hemoglobin was lower in PNALD group [(97.4±15.1)vs. (110.1±19.1)g/L, P<0.05]. The kind of fat emulsion and amino acid, gender, history of diseases, suftering diseases, body mass index, serum albumin, leukocyte levels and renal function were comparable between the two groups (χ2=0.114,0.843,0.116,0.531,0.344,1.588,0.006,0.063 and 0.549, all P>0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of PNALD is 25.3% in 75 elderly patients after gastrointestinal operation. Total calorie, the amount of glucose and the ratio of glucose to lipid should be reduced in these patients for preventing PNALD.