[Relationship between religious orientation and spiritual health with emotional adjustment of the hospitalized adolescents]

Introduction: Spiritual health is important aspect of human health that provides integrated relationship between internal strengths. Spirituality and personal beliefs help individuals against problems and make their life meaningful. This study evaluated the relationship between spiritual health and religious orientation with emotional adjustment of admitted adolescents in hospitals

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 adolescents in hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included three questionnaires: 1- Religious Orientation Scale, 2-spiritual well-being scale and 3-emotional adjustment scale. Data analyzed using SPSS-20 and with Pearson correlation test, Independent T-test, ANOVA and Multiple linear regressions

Results: Result of this study showed that between religious orientation and emotional adjustment there was no significant relationship [P>0.05]. But a significant relationship [P<0.0001] was found between spiritual health and emotional adjustment indicating adolescents with higher spiritual health had better emotional adjustment. The mean scores of emotional adjustment in males were significantly higher than females [p<0.004]. Age, marital status, education, ethnicity and religious ceremony were not correlated with emotional adjustment. Results of Multiple linear regression showed the score of spiritual health and gender predict%17.1 of adolescent emotional adjustment

Conclusions: In hospitalized adolescents, higher spiritual health was positively associated with increased emotional adjustment. Awareness of spiritual needs and encouraging usage of spiritual intervention and support by physicians and nurses is necessary in order to conduct a holistic care during treatment

Violence toward nurses at emergency rooms [ERs] of hospitals of Medical Universities in Tehran

ER nurses are at risk of violence due to the nature of their job and confrontation with a variety of patients as well as heavy workload. This can, in turn, leads to decreased quality of care. This descriptive study was conducted to identify prevalence and causes of violence toward nurses at ERs of hospitals affiliated with Medical Universities in Tehran. 100 nurses with at least 1 year continuous experience at ER were included in the study. Data were collected by a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained items including demographics, frequency and characteristics of violence at work [physical, verbal, nonverbal] and the factors involved. Content and test-retest as well as internal consistency [Cronbach's a] methods were used for Validity and reliability of the questionnaire respectively. Data were analyzed by version 16 of SPSS package. The most frequent type of violence was verbal [87%]. The frequencies of nonverbal and physical violence were 70% and 28% respectively. The most common type of verbal violence was yelling [84%] and, in physical violence, it was throwing objects [33%]. In nonverbal violence, insulting and threatening look [64%] and hitting on the table were very common. Verbal [48.2%] and nonverbal [65.8%] violence was committed mostly over the past month of the study and at nights. The subjects [38%] experienced verbal violence up to 5 times. The most frequent cause of violence [77%] was the lack of control over entrance of patients' relatives, chi test showed a significant relationship between physical violence and night shifts [P<0.001] and between female sex of nurses and physical violence [P<0.005]. ER nurses usually face with violence in a week and the most frequent types are verbal, nonverbal and physical, leading to decreased speed in delivering efficient care to patients and decreased quality of health care resulted from it

Study of association between lifestyle and hemorrhoids among patients referring to Tehran University of medical sciences hospitals in 2007

Study of association between lifestyle and hemorrhoids among patients referring to Tehran University of medical sciences hospitals in 2007 Hejazi Sh1, Alavi Majd H2, Najafi Abedi Z3 1 Instuctor, MSc of Nursing, Deputy of Education and Research, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran. 2 Associate Professor, PhD of Biostatistics, Shaheed Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. 3 Student of MSc of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran. Hemorrhoid is a chronic disease that has been known as a problem since 4 thousand years ago. Healthy lifestyle is an important mean of decreasing incidence and complications of chronic diseases. Considering the vast influence of lifestyle on chronic diseases symptoms, the goal of this study was to determine these influences on hemorrhoid. The present research is a case-control analytical study. The study population included all patients with hemorrhoid referring to Tehran University of medical sciences hospitals. The study group comprised 101 patients suffering from hemorrhoid, and the control group included 101 healthy individuals. Both groups have been matched in age and sex. The data were collected by using a questionnaire. The questionnaire scientific validity and reliability were determined with content validity and test-retest respectively. We used descriptive and inferential [Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney test] statistics for analyzing data. The majority of patients in study group didn't have their meals on a fixed schedule [p > 0.001], had less than three meals per day [p = 0.021], had less daily fluid consumption [p = 0.001], always used spicy food [p = 0.001], and had less fiber consumption, had sedentary activities [p > 0.001], never had walkings [p = 0.001], and neither in past nor in present they had exercises, had defecation only one time in 3-5 days [p > 0.001] with severe pressure and difficulty, and the duration between 5-10 minutes [p > 0.001]. This study showed that there was a significant relationship between lifestyle and hemorrhoid

[Surveying the relationship between family, emotional, and social factors and child abuse in girl primary schools in Tehran]

Child abuse has different meanings in different societies however, there is no uniform definition for child abuse. The present study was conducted to survey the relationship between family, emotional, and social factors and child abuse in girl primary schools in Tehran. It was a case-control study. Initial data were obtained using child abuse, family, emotional and social questionnaires. Totally, 1300 primary girl students were randomly selected through districts 2,3,4,7 and 16. Then, 60 students scored higher the cut point were selected as the abused children [the case group] and 60 matched students scored below the cut point were served as the control group. Totally, 78.3% of abused children's fathers and 83.3% of their mothers were alive. These figures were 91.7% and 95% for non-abused children, respectively. Of abused children, 30% were abused with their mothers however, 33.3% of non-abused children were abused with their classmates. Meanwhile, 75% of abused children experienced severe physical violence. There was a significant association between child abuse and the following factors: age, occupation, level of education, economic status, number of children, divorce, drug addiction, social isolation and lack of access to social support. Results have revealed that there was a significant association between child abuse and age, occupation, level of education, economic status, number of children, divorce, drug addiction, social isolation and lack of access to social support