[Comparison of chemical compositions of the Tanacetum sonbolii essential oils using head space sorptive extraction and hydrodistillation methods]

Tanacetum sonbolii Mozaff. is an endemic species of Tanacetum growing in Iran, west Azerbaijan. The composition of its essential oil can be varied due to conditions of selected extraction method. Thus, the selection of suitable extraction method is very effective to obtain essential oil in native state. The purpose of this study is to apply head space sorptive extraction method at ambient and high temperature condition for essential oil extraction of Tanacetum sonbolii Mozaff. The compositions of extracted essential oils were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Also, solvent, temperature and time of desorption step and time of sorption step that influence on extraction efficiency were optimized. Results indicated that temperature of extraction method had significant effects on essential oil content. Using hydrodistillation method, 26 components, representing 96.5% of the oil were indentified but only 6 compounds [95.6% of the oil] were found in essential oil using HS-SE at real condition [23 °C]. Comparison of the major components percent levels of essential oils were shown that 81% of HS-SE essential oil is beta- and alpha-pinene. While using hydrodistillation method, about 50% of essential oil is sesquirerpenes such as alpha-cadinol and globulol. The sampling of essential oils at 23°C by HS-SE compared to conventional extraction methods at high temperature [such as hydrodistillation] caused to have different extractions results

[Seasonal variation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils]

Rosmarinus officinalis L. [Rosemary] is one of the essential oil containing plants from Lamiaceae family. Rosemary is a native of the Mediterranean region of Europe and the Near East. It has been used as a food spice and as a medicine since ancient times. Today rosemary is cultivated in nearly all countries as a medicinal and ornamental plant. There are some reports about the effect of environmental conditions and genetic on rosemary essential oil. The goal of this work was to investigate the seasonal variation on rosemary essential oil composition. Aerial parts of plants were dried after collection from Evin, Tehran. Essential oils were obtained by using Clevenger type apparatus for 90 min and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Rosemary essential oil showed 52 compounds, where 31 of those were similar in different seasons, alpha -Pinene, Limonene, Camphene, Camphor, 1, 8-Cineol and Bornyl acetate were major components of rosemary oil. The content of 1, 8-Cineol was the highest in September [14.15%]. The elevated levels of alpha-Pinene and Limonen were observed in February [28.8% and 17.29% respectively]. At least in various seasons from spring to winter constituent of alpha-Pinene [18.5%, 24.7%, 20% and 28.3%], Limonene [11%, 6.1%, 8.6% and 17.3%], Camphene [7.5%, 8.3%, 7.3% and 8.1%] and Camphor [7.4%, 13.4%, 8.3% and 4.7%] were compared respectively. Except alpha-Pinene, Limonene, 1, 8-Cineol and Bornyl acetate, most of these components did not affected by seasonal change. Some of these essential oils components converted to others, thus their concentrations decreased in summer but their amounts were at the highest levels in winter