Effect of temperature on the risk of varicella in Lu'an City / 预防医学

Objective@#To examine the effect of temperature on the risk of varicella in Lu'an City, Anhui Province, so as to provide insights into varicella prevention and control. @*Methods@#Data on incidence of varicella in Lu'an City from 2010 to 2021 were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control System, and meteorological data in Lu'an City were also collected from National Meteorological Science Data Center and China National Urban Air Quality Real-Time Publishing Platform during the same period. The effect of temperature on the risk of varicella was examined using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) and subgroup analyses for gender and age were conducted. The effects of extremely low and high temperatures on the cumulative risk of varicella and trends in the cumulative risk of varicella over time were analyzed using a time-varying DLNM. @*Results@# Totally 25 318 varicella cases were reported in Lu'an City from 2010 to 2021, including 15 013 men (59.30%) and 10 305 women (40.70%). The median number of varicella cases was 4 (interquartile range, 6) cases, and the daily median air temperature was 17.50 (interquartile range, 15.80) ℃, with the lowest temperature recorded as -5.80 ℃ and the highest temperatures as 34.90 ℃. The results from the DLNM showed that the extremely low temperatures reduced the risk of varicella (RR=0.522, 95%CI: 0.375-0.728) in relative to median temperature, while extremely high temperature increased the risk of varicella (RR=1.604, 95%CI: 1.112-2.316). Subgroup analysis revealed the effect curve for men was similar to total populations (extremely low temperature: RR=0.497, 95%CI: 0.331-0.746; extremely high temperature: RR=1.978, 95%CI: 1.260-3.106), and the effect of temperature on varicella risk was mainly concentrated among children at ages of 6 to 12 years (extremely low temperature: RR=0.426, 95%CI: 0.247-0.736; extremely high temperature: RR=2.431, 95%CI: 1.378-4.288). The results from the time-varying DLNM revealed that the cumulative risk of varicella due to both extremely low and high temperatures appeared a tendency towards a rise over years (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#Low temperature may reduce the risk of varicella, while high temperature increases the risk of varicella in Lu'an City, which is more remarkable among men and children at ages of 6 to 12 years. The cumulative risk of varicella at both extremely low and high temperatures shows a tendency towards a rise over years.

Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation

BACKGROUND: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are critical for sustaining spermatogenesis. Even though several regulators of SSC have been identified in rodents, the regulatory mechanism of SSC in humans has yet to be discovered. METHODS: To explore the regulatory mechanisms of human SSCs, we analyzed publicly available human testicular single-cell sequencing data and found that Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 9 (ASB9) is highly expressed in SSCs. We examined the expression localization of ASB9 using immunohistochemistry and overexpressed ASB9 in human SSC lines to explore its role in SSC proliferation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, we used immunoprecipitation to find the target protein of ASB9 and verified its functions. In addition, we examined the changes in the distribution of ASB9 in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients using Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The results of uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) clustering and pseudotime analysis showed that ASB9 was highly expressed in SSCs, and its expression gradually increased during development. The immunohistochemical and dual-color immunofluorescence results displayed that ASB9 was mainly expressed in nonproliferating SSCs. Overexpression of ASB9 in the SSC line revealed significant inhibition of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. We predicted the target proteins of ASB9 and verified that hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor (HIF1AN), but not creatine kinase B-type (CKB), has a direct interaction with ASB9 in human SSC line using protein immunoprecipitation experiments. Subsequently, we re-expressed HIF1AN in ASB9 overexpressing cells and found that HIF1AN reversed the proliferative and apoptotic changes induced by ASB9 overexpression. In addition, we found that ABS9 was significantly downregulated in some NOA patients, implying a correlation between ASB9 dysregulation and impaired spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION: ASB9 is predominantly expressed in human SSCs, it affects the proliferation and apoptotic process of the SSC line through HIF1AN, and its abnormal expression may be associated with NOA.

Adverse drug reactions induced by hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a report of 13 cases / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To analyze the adverse drug reaction（ADR） reports of hydroxychloroquine for clinical medication safety. @* Methods@#The ADR reports of hydroxychloroquine between May 2019 and May 2021 were analyzed. Age, reasons for drug use, time of ADR, combined drug use, and ADR outcomes were statistically analyzed. @*Results@# No severe ADR was reported. Patients over 60 years old accounted for 53.85% of the total cases, and the time of ADR appearance was significantly earlier among those under 60 years old. A total of 61.54% of ADRs were involved in multiple organs, and optic neurotoxicity was reported in 46.15% of cases. @*Conclusion@# In the treatment of oral lichen planus with hydroxychloroquine, adverse drug reactions should be monitored, and increased attention should be given to patients over 60 years old to ensure the safety of this medication.

The research progress of Gli1 in the regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell car-cinoma / 口腔疾病防治

@#HH (hedgehog) signal pathway consists the hedgehoge ligand (Shh、Ihh and Dhh), the Patch and Smo membrane protein complex and Zinc finger transcription factor Gli (Gli1, Gli2, Gli3). In HH (hedgehog) signaling pathway, Gli1 not only plays a dominant and decisive role in the zinc finger transcription factor Gli (Glioma-associated oncogene homolog) family, but also includes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and oral squamous cell carcinoma, tumor invasion and metastasis. The research on oral squamous cell carcinoma and Shh/Gli1 signal axis is rare. In this paper, the squamous cell carcinoma of oral epithelial mesenchymal transformation and correlation study of quality Gli1 is reviewed.

The band patterns of Western bolt in different clinical stages of HIV-1 infection / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the band pattern characteristics of Western bolt (WB) by analyzingthe change of anti-virus antibodies from patients with different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection.Methods Antibodies were detected by WB test,CD4+ T cells by flow cytometer.Results Among 208 cases,193 male cases accounted for 92.79％,and 163 cases of men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 78.37％.The antibodies against viral protein gp160,gp120,gp41,p66,p51,p31,p24 showed high positive rates,and no significant different was detected across different clinical stages.The positive rate of p55 antibody,encoding by gag gene,was significantly higher in those HIV positive individuals infected via homosexual compared with HIV-1 positive individuals through heterosexual contact (P＜0.05).The 5 common WB bands patterns were as following:all bands①,missing p55②,missing p39③,missing p55 + p39④ and missing p39 + p55 + p17⑤.Primary stage infection group showed the highest appearance rate of all bands (44.2％).Conclusions The WB bands patterns and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts can help to judge immune status,determine disease stages and monitor disease progression.We should take effective measures for the MSM and floating population.

The band patterns of Western bolt in different clinical stages of HIV-1 infection / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the band pattern characteristics of Western bolt (WB) by analyzingthe change of anti-virus antibodies from patients with different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection.Methods Antibodies were detected by WB test,CD4+ T cells by flow cytometer.Results Among 208 cases,193 male cases accounted for 92.79％,and 163 cases of men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 78.37％.The antibodies against viral protein gp160,gp120,gp41,p66,p51,p31,p24 showed high positive rates,and no significant different was detected across different clinical stages.The positive rate of p55 antibody,encoding by gag gene,was significantly higher in those HIV positive individuals infected via homosexual compared with HIV-1 positive individuals through heterosexual contact (P＜0.05).The 5 common WB bands patterns were as following:all bands①,missing p55②,missing p39③,missing p55 + p39④ and missing p39 + p55 + p17⑤.Primary stage infection group showed the highest appearance rate of all bands (44.2％).Conclusions The WB bands patterns and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts can help to judge immune status,determine disease stages and monitor disease progression.We should take effective measures for the MSM and floating population.

The molecular characterization of a cyclophilin A from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis and the antifungal activity of its recombinant protein

Background: Cyclophilin A (CypA), a receptor for the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A (CsA), is a cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) which accelerates the cis-trans isomerization of prolyl-peptide bonds and interacts with a variety of proteins to regulate their activities. Results: The full-length cDNA of crab Eriocheir sinensis CypA (EsCypA) was cloned by EST and RACE technique. The complete sequence of EsCypA cDNA contained a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 50 bp, a 3’ UTR of 233 bp with a polyA tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 495 bp encoding a polypeptide of 164 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 17.36 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of EsCypA contained two highly conserved signature sequences of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and a pro-isomerase domain. The mRNA transcripts of EsCypA were detectable in all the examined tissues, including haemocytes, gill, hepatopancreas, gonad, muscle and heart, with higher expression level in hepatopancreas and gonad. No significant difference in the relative mRNA expression level of EsCypA was observed during the whole course of bacteria challenge, whereas it was up-regulated during fungi challenge. The purified recombinant protein rEsCypA exhibited a significant PPIase activity and an antifungal activity. Conclusions: All these results indicated that it was a typical CypA member and potentially involved in the innate immune responses of crab.

One-stage reconstruction of bilateral mandibular with free fibula flap / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method of clinical application and the efficacy of free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap in one-stage reconstruction of transmidline bilateral mandibular defect caused by giant neoplasms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From july 2000 to october 2002, transmidline bilateral mandibular defects caused by ameloblastoma (4 cases) and gingival carcinoma (2 cases), according to the character of defects, were reconstructed with free fibula osteomyocutaneous flaps. Peroneal artery and vein were used as vascular pedicle, the fibula was reshaped, and micro-titanium plates were used in rigid fixation between fibula and residue of bilateral mandible. Microvascular anastomoses were carried out between peroneal artery/vein and small artery/vein in neck.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six free fibular osteomyocutaneous flaps survived well. Follow up duration ranged from 6 months to 2 years, the lower face appearance recovered well, occlusion relationship were normal, all patients were satisfactory with appearance and chewing function after repair of removable denture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Free fibular osteomyocutaneous flap is a favorable material in the reconstruction of transmidline bilateral mandibular giant defect. The blood supplement of fibula is offered both by segmentral periosteum and nutrient artery from bone marrow, It is greatly benefit to reshaping as arched mandible.</p>