RESUMEN
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament is the most common knee ligament injury, and they are associated with several long term clinical consequences such as chondral lesions, meniscal tears, and early onset osteoarthritis. The injury can occur with direct contact or without as well. The diagnosis is made with history, special physical examination tests, and using imaging with MRI
Aim of the work: this study was aimed to understand the mechanism behind anterior cruciate ligament injury, its diagnosis, and methods of management
Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE from January 1971 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: Anterior cruciate ligament anatomy, knee ligament injury mechanism, diagnosis of knee ligament injury, management of anterior cruciate ligament injury
Conclusion: Anterior cruciate ligament injury is a very common injury and requires quick diagnosis to control pain, further deterioration, and avoid long term morbidity. Management includes from conservative to surgical repair and reconstruction
RESUMEN
Background: DKA is the leading cause of mortality among pediatric age and young adults with T1D, responsible for almost 50% of all fatalities in diabetic patients younger than 24 years of age. Goals of DKA management include optimization of volume status, hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, and potential precipitating factors
Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: ketoacidosis, management of diabetic ketoacidosis, type I diabetic patients' emergency complication, fluid replacement in DKA, insulin therapy approach
Aim: in this review, we aim at evaluating the various ways of approaching patients who suffer from type-one diabetes during ketoacidosis and keto-acidotic coma. We will try to understand the triggers and pathophysiology behind this condition, and explore ways to prevent them
Conclusion: prompt diagnoses, aggressive treatment, and education of patient and their care providers about prevention strategies must be implemented. Also, more studies are required in the area of preventing health complications due to these types of diseases to effectively manage DKA in the future
RESUMEN
Postoperative fever presents a frequent and at times, thorny issue for the clinician. Whereas fever is frequently a normal phenomenon in the prompt post-surgical period, massive amounts of resources are used each day in the quest of more unfavorable diagnoses. The occurrence of a postoperative fever is not always suggestive of an infectious process. Mild temperature rise might be transient in nature and can emerge from the body's reaction to tissue damage. Fevers that present from two to more than seven days after a surgical procedure can be caused by other physiological reactions. Perioperative nurses can target nursing assessments according to the postoperative day on which the fever presents