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Objective To analyze the trend of suicide mortality among the elderly aged 60 years and above in Wuhan from 2014 to 2019, to understand the disease burden of suicide deaths among the elderly adults in Wuhan, and to provide a basis for decision making to carry out suicide interventions in the elderly population. Methods The data on suicide deaths in the elderly adults of Wuhan residents whose death age was 60 years or older were collected from 2014 to 2019 using the Wuhan City's Cause of Death Monitoring Information System. Mortality, standardized mortality, years of life lost (YLL) due to early death and average years of life lost (AYLL) were calculated separately. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. The χ2 test was used to compare the suicide mortality rates among the elderly population by gender and region, and the annual percentage change (APC) was used for trend analysis. Results From 2014 to 2019, a total of 1010 suicide deaths were reported among elderly adults aged 60 years and older in Wuhan, with crude suicide mortality rates ranging from 7.60 to 10.77/100 000. The suicide mortality rate of elderly men was higher than that of elderly women. The suicide mortality rate of rural elderly adults was higher than that of urban elderly adults, and the suicide mortality rate of the rural elderly was decreasing. The overall suicide mortality rate of elderly people in Wuhan increased significantly with age, and the differences between the average suicide mortality rates of elderly males and elderly females in 2014-2019 were statistically significant among all age groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05). From 2014 to 2019, the YLL rate of suicide death among the elderly in Wuhan showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and AYLL kept a slight fluctuation as a whole. The trends of both YLL rate and AYLL changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion The suicide mortality rate of elderly adults aged 60 years and above in Wuhan is high, especially in rural elderly men. The burden of disease caused by suicide deaths in the elderly is high, so it is necessary to take a variety of targeted measures to prevent and reduce the incidence of suicide among the elderly.
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Objective@#To deliver macro understanding of the latest research progress on clinical trials and approved products of cancer drugs in China in 2019.@*Methods@#The number of clinical trials and related investigational products by domestic and foreign enterprises in 2019 were acquired in the China Food and Drug Administration Registration and Information Disclosure Platform for Drug Clinical Studies, while listed drugs were obtained in the China Food and Drug Administration Query System for Domestic and Imported Drug. Characteristics on stage, scope, indication of those trials, classification and mechanism of involved products, as well as listed anticancer drugs were summarized and depicted.@*Results@#There were 474 cancer drug trials registered in China in 2019, accounting for 21.8% of the total, and 397 (83.8%) were initiated by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises. Overall, international multicenter trials accounted for 13.1%, and phase I trials accounted for 47.3%. Compared with global enterprises, the proportion of international multi-center trials initiated by domestic companies is lower (4.8% vs. 55.8%, P<0.001), and the proportion of phase I clinical trials and bioequivalence trials is higher (51.9% vs. 23.4%, 19.4% vs. 1.3%, P<0.001). An accumulative of 27 cancer types were involved for all the cancer drug trials, and lung cancer, solid tumor, and breast cancer were the most common cancer types, with 103, 95 and 49 trials, respectively. For the three cancer types unique to Chinese population, gastric, liver and esophageal cancer, the total number of initiated trials was 47. For all those trials, there were 335 cancer drug varieties, with 86.0% developed by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, including 300 therapeutic drugs, 30 adjunctive drugs and 5 preventive drugs. In terms of mechanism, targeted drugs and immune drugs were the most popular, accounting for 74.6% and 20.3%, respectively. In addition, 17 anticancer drugs targeting on 11 cancer types were approved in China in 2019.@*Conclusions@#Clinical trials on cancer drugs in China have ushered a booming era, with large number of innovative agents represented by targeted drugs and immune drugs under clinical development or putting into clinical practice. Those local enterprises are playing more and more critical roles. Strengthening clinical research and development on Chinese unique cancer types is the key direction of future work.
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@#Fullerene is an effective free radical scavenger and antioxidant. The fullerene derivatives obtained by chemical modification of fullerene have good water solubility and biological activities. Fullerene and its derivatives have many advantages in cell protection and antioxidant properties, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, photodynamic activity, drug delivery and anti-tumor activities, playing an important role in the field of medicine. In recent years, great progress has been made in this field. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress and applications of fullerene and its derivatives in medicine field at home and abroad from four aspects of regulating tumor microenvironment, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and anti-oxidative stress. At last, the future development and application of fullerene and its derivatives in the domain of medicine are prospected.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of miRNA-1 in denervated skeletal muscle at different periods, and to explore effects of passive movement on the expression of miRNA-1 and differentiation of myoblasts in denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rats. METHODS: Twenty-seven Sprague Dawley rats, weighing (200±10) g, were randomly divided into sham-operated group (group A, n=3), denervated group (group B, n=12), and passive movement group (group C, n=12). After the right sciatic nerve was exposed and dissociated, the sciatic nerve of 1 cm in length was removed in groups B and C; resection was not performed in group A. At 1 day after operation, passive flexion and extension movement was performed on the right hind limb in group C. At 6 hours in group A and at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days in groups B and C, 3 rats were sacrificed to measure the wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle, to observe the diameter of the gastrocnemius muscle cell and evaluate the muscle atrophy by HE staining; RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of miRNA-1 and myocyte differentiation factor (MyoD), and immunohistochemistry to determine the protein expression of MyoD. RESULTS: Atrophy in various degrees was observed in denervated gastrocnemius muscle of groups B and C. The muscle fiber arranged in disorder and the diameter of the muscle cells decreased gradually with the time, without normal structure and morphology. The wet weight ratio and the cell diameter of the gastrocnemius in groups B and C were significantly less than those in group A (P0.05), and had positive correlation at 14 and 28 days (P<0.05); positive correlation was found between the relative expression of MyoD and miRNA-1 mRNA (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Passive movement can prevent amyotrophy by increasing the expression of miRNA-1 and promoting the differentiation of myoblasts.
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Objective:To detect immunological effects of procyanidin ,gastrodin,baicalein and apigenin on antigen presenting cells of RAW264.7 and DC2.4 and search for new tumor vaccine adjuvant.Methods: After different concentrations of four kinds of Chinese herbal monomer and LPS were used to stimulate RAW 264.7 or DC2.4 cells for 48 hours,cells were obtained and stained with CD80,CD86,MHCⅠand MHCⅡ antibody.Then protein expression levels of CD80,CD86,MHCⅠ and MHCⅡ on RAW264.7 and DC2.4 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: Results showed that after 48 hours stimulated with different concentrations of four kinds of Chinese herbal monomer on RAW 264.7 or DC2.4 cells,the expression levels of CD80,CD86,MHCⅠ,MHCⅡ were all up-regulated in comparison with control , procyanidin and baicalein exhibited stronger immunological stimulating activity on a cellular level.Conclusion:Procyanidin and baicalein were found having potential application value in clinical treatment as tumor vaccine adju -vants.
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Ciclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive macrolide antibiotics, is widely applied to prevent rejections after organ transplants. CsA is mainly transported by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 3A.Genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A and MDR1 probably influence the expressions and bioactivity of CYP3A and P-gp,and may affect the pharmacokinetics of CsA.This issue summarizes the correlation between genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A and MDR1 and the pharmacokinetics of CsA to guide the rational and individualized medication.
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Objective To establish a sensitiv e and specific LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of cefoperazone and sulbactam in plasma and ultrafiltrate of patients undergone continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT). Methods Cefuroxime axetil was used as the internal standard,the plasma samples were separated on an WatersAtlantis dC18 column (150 mm× 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm). A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with ESI was used as the detector and operated in the mode of multiple reaction monitoring.Quantitive analysis of[M-H]-ions were m/z 644.1→528.1(cefoperazone), m/z 231.8→188.0(sulbactam) and m/z 509.3→206.9(the internal standard, IS), respectively. Results The linear range of cefoperazone and sulbactam in human plasma and ultrafiltrate were(10-500) and(6-300)μg/ml, respectively. Extraction recoveries were more than 90.0%, and intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation was less than 15%. The matrix effect of plasma and ultrafiltrate showed that the matrix effect of the two media had little influence on the measurement of cefoperazone, sulbactam and IS. Conclusion The method is simple, fast, and highly sensitive. The two drugs can be detected simultaneously in the same sample. It is appropriate to monitor drug concentration in plasma and ultrafiltrate of the patients undergone CRRT. Sieving coefficient could be calculated and provide an accurate basis for dose adjustment.
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Aim To determine TAT-Tcntf penetration ability and to investigate the effects of the fusion protein on SH-SY5Y cells against toxicity induced by β-amyloid peptide 25-35(Aβ_(25-35) ).Methods The conjugate(TAT-tCNTF)of TAT(47-57)of HIV-1 and the truncated human CNTF active fragment was genetic engineered and expressed in E.Coli.Immunofluorescence was used to identify cell permeation ability across membrane.MTT assay was used to measure the survival of SH-SY5Y cells injured by Aβ_(25-35).And Hoechst 33342/PI double staining was used to observe the morphology of cell apoptosis and necrosis.LDH was measured by spectrophotometric method.Results The expression vector of pBV220-TAT-tCNTF was constructed successfully.Western blot showed the recombinant fusion protein could bind specifically with CNTF antibody.The immunofluorescence assay clearly demonstrated that TAT-tCNTF did penatrate into the cells while little rhCNTF pass across the cells.Double staining and LDH release assay demonstrated that TAT-tCNTF could promote significantly the survival of the cells.Conclusion sTAT-tCNTF with high activities and effective transmembrane ability is obtained for the first time.The fusion protein protects SH-SY5Y cells from death after Aβ25-35 exposure.
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AIM: To study the bioequivalence of domestic and imported Metoprolol Tartrate Tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS: According to the rule published by SFDA,the serum concentration of 20 selected volunteers among 18 to 40 years old was determined by HPLC-fluorescence detection after giving domestic and imported Metoprolol Tartrate Tablets 0.1g,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS software.RESULTS: The method of HPLC-fluorescence detection to study the pharmakokinetics of Metoprolol Tartrate was sensitive,reliable,accurate and reasonable.The main pharmakokinetics parameters of domestic and imported Metoprolol Tartrate Tablets were T_(max):(1.11)?(0.36 h) and(1.39)?(0.65 h) respectively;C_(max):(269.20)?(87.15)(?g?L~(-1)) and(262.03)?(75.52)(?g?L~(-1)) respectively;AUC_(0-12h):(1088.91)?(510.52)(?g?L~(-1)?h) and(1098.29)?5(55.14)(?g?L~(-1)?h) respectively.The relative bioavailability of domestic Metoprolol Tartrate Tablets was(100.09)%.CONCLUSION: The domestic and imported Metoprolol Tartrate Tablets was bioequivalents.
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Aim To study the relative bioequivalence of two domestic ciprofloxacin tablets. Methods Therandomized and crossover study was conducted in 18 healthy volunteers.After a single dose of the drugs,their plasma drug concentration was determined using HPLC.Results Both the two domestic ciprofloxacin tablets fit to one compartment model. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of the tested and reference ciprofloxacin were as followings: C_(max):(2.503?0.394) and (2.706?0.579) mg?L~(-1);T_(max):(1.343?0.402) and (1.075?0.379) h;T_(12):(4.174?1.201) and (3.826?1.005) h; AUC_(0-tn): (10.528?2.204) and (10.643?1.922) mg?L~(-1)?h;AUC_(0-∞): (11.409?2.139) and (11.558?2.160) mg?L~(-1)?h;F_(0-tn) and F_(0-∞) was (100.245?18.447)% and (100.470?20.108)%,respectirely. Conclusion The tested and reference formulations are bioeqivalent.
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The existence of microheterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)in the human erythrocyt has already been reported(Der Kaloustian 1974).The results has been confirmed recently by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel.In this paper,we used the method which has been modified in some aspects to identify various G6PD variants,and came to interesting conclusions.We provide here our experimental data of two different G6PD types,GdB and Gd(-)Zhuang-Funing,Focusing of the enzyme gives additional in- formation concerning an accurate distinction among the genetic variants.
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Aim To determine TAT-tCNTF penetration ability and to investigate the effects of the fusion protein on SH-SY5Y cells against toxicity induced by ?-amyloid peptide 25-35(A?25-35 ).Methods The conjugate(TAT-tCNTF)of TAT(47-57)of HIV-1 and the truncated human CNTF active fragment was genetic engineered and expressed in E.Coli.Immunofluorescence was used to identify cell permeation ability across membrane.MTT assay was used to measure the survival of SH-SY5Y cells injured by A?25-35.And Hoechst 33342/PI double staining was used to observe the morphology of cell apoptosis and necrosis.LDH was measured by spectrophotometric method.Results The expression vector of pBV220-TAT-tCNTF was constructed successfully.Western blot showed the recombinant fusion protein could bind specifically with CNTF antibody.The immunofluorescence assay clearly demonstrated that TAT-tCNTF did penatrate into the cells while little rhCNTF pass across the cells.Double staining and LDH release assay demonstrated that TAT-tCNTF could promote significantly the survival of the cells.Conclusions TAT-tCNTF with high activities and effective transmembrane ability is obtained for the first time.The fusion protein protects SH-SY5Y cells from death after A?25-35 exposure.