RESUMEN
Objective To compare the safety and effectiveness of Propofol-Fentanyl and Propofol-Remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia for airway foreign body (FB) removal in children. Method 280 children aged 1 ~ 3 years underwent rigid bronchoscopy for FB removal were randomized into two groups. The Fentanyl group (Group F, n = 140) were given Propofol 2.00~3.00 mg/kg and Fentanyl 2.00 μg/kg for induction and Propofol 200.00 ~ 500.00 μg/(kg·min) for maintenance of anesthesia. The Remifentanil group (Group R, n = 140) were given Propofol 2.00 ~ 3.00 mg/kg and Remifentanil 1.00 ~ 1.50 μg/kg for induction of anesthesia, while anesthesia was maintained with Propofol 200.00 ~ 500.00 μg/(kg·min) and Remifentanil 0.10 ~ 0.20 μg/(kg·min). All the children during the procedure were with spontaneous respiration. SpO2 before inserting rigid bronchoscope (T1), 1 min (T2) and 3 min (T3) after insertion, 3 min (T4) and 10 min (T5) after extraction were recorded. PETCO2 after endoscopy (T6) was measured. Adverse events, including body movement, cough, breath-holding, and hypoxemia,were observed. The time of induction, surgery, recovery and the total dosage of the intravenous agents were recorded. Results SpO2 of the two groups were in normal range at T1 ~ 5, which was higher in group R than group F at T2 ~ 5 (P < 0.05). PETCO2 of group R was lower than group F at T6 (P < 0.05). The rate of body movement and cough were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05), while breath-holding and hypoxemia were more frequent in group F (P < 0.05). The time of induction and recovery were shorter in group R (P < 0.05), while surgery time and the Propofol dosage were similar (P > 0.05). The total dose of Fentanyl was significantly higher than Remifentanil (P < 0.05). Conclusion Combination of Propofol with Fentanyl or Remifentanil both produce effective anesthesia in children undergoing FB removal. But Propofol-Remifentanil provides more stable oxygen saturation, faster induction and recurrence of anesthesia, as well as less intraoperative complications.
RESUMEN
The rhizome of Panax japonicus var. major have been used as the natural medicinal agent by Chinese traditional doctors for more than thousand years. Most of the therapeutic effects of P. japonicus var. major had been reported due to the presence of tetracyclic or pentacyclic triterpene saponins. In this study, Illumina pair-end RNA-sequencing and de novo splicing were done in order to understand the pathway of triterpenoid saponins in this species. The valid reads data of 15. 6 Gb were obtained. The 62 240 unigenes were finally obtained by de novo splicing. After annotation, we discovered 19 unigenes involved in ginsenoside backbone biosynthesis. Additionally, 69 unigenes and 18 unigenes were predicted to have potential function of cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase based on the annotation results, which may encode enzymes responsible for ginsenoside backbone modification. This study provides global expressed datas for P. japonicus var. major, which will contribute significantly to further genome-wide research and analysis for this species.