Association between dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome with its components among children aged 6-14 years in Beijing City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among children aged 6-14 years in Beijing, so as to provide a reference for preventing MetS.@*Methods@#A cross sectional study was carried out in 2 086 records of 1 832 children from the 2017 and 2019 Nutrition and Health Surveillance in Primary and Secondary school students of Beijing (NHSPSB). Three day consecutive 24 hour dietary recalls combined with weighing household cooking oils and condiments were used to collect dietary intake and calculate DII. MetS was diagnosed according to "Definition and Suggestion on the Metabolic Syndrome of Chinese Children and Adolescent". The Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) models were used to analyze the association between DII and the presence of MetS and its components (abdominal obesity, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and hyperglycemia).@*Results@#The mean DII score was (1.64±1.07) for the included children. No significant association was found between DII scores and the likelihood of MetS (per 1 point increment: OR =1.16, 95% CI =0.92-1.48, P >0.05). In terms of the components of MetS, DII scores were positively associated with the odds of high triglyceride (per 1 point increment: OR =1.17, 95% CI =1.01-1.36, P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the association among different age groups ( P >0.05). No significant associations were observed between DII and other MetS components( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#DII scores may not be correlated with the risk of MetS, but proinflammatory diet might increase the risk of high triglyceride. DII score in childhood should be emphasized to identify and prevent MetS as soon as possible.

Leisure time physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe the current situation of leisure time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration of children and adolescents aged 6-14 in Beijing, and provide a reference basis for guiding school age children to carry out reasonable physical activities and formulating effective intervention measures.@*Methods@#A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the nutritional and health status of 3 460 students in the first,third,fifth and seventh grades. Through the questionnaire surveys, the basic information of children and families and the activity information of children physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep were collected and statistically analyzed.@*Results@#The results showed that the median time of children daily leisure time physical activity (LTPA) was 20.0 (8.6, 38.6) min, children in suburb areas (18.6 min) and seventh grade (14.3 min) had shorter LTPA time( Z/H =5.12，119.11， P <0.01). The average daily sleep duration of children was (8.71 ± 0.76) h, the proportion of school age children with insufficient sleep reached 54.7%. With an increase in grades, the incidence of insufficient sleep increased significantly ( χ 2=407.13， P <0.01). The median daily sedentary time of children was 195.7(145.0, 255.7 ) min, and 84.5% of children engaged in more than two hours of sedentary behavior every day. Urban (202.9 min) and obese children (210.4 min) had longer sedentary behavior time, and with the increase in grade, the daily sedentary behavior time of children gradually increased ( Z/H =5.04，14.83，637.98， P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Children and adolescents aged 6-14 years in Beijing have less LTPA time, too much sedentary time, and insufficient sleep duration. Grade is an important factor affecting physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration of children, and body shape may be related to their sedentary behavior and sleep time.It is suggested that targeted policies should be adopted for children of different grades to increase their physical activity and reduce their sedentary behavior to promote their healthy development.

Analysis of alcohol drinking among school-aged children in Beijing in 2015 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the phenomenon of alcohol drinking among school-aged children in Beijing, and to provide a reference for making measures for possible preventive interventions.@*Methods@#Data were from the Beijing Students’ Nutrition and Health Surveillance among 3 776 school-aged children in Beijing in 2015. Prevalence, frequency and pattern of drinking, daily consumption of alcoholic drinks, as well as influencing factors were described.@*Results@#Drinking was found in 11.2% of school-aged children, the drinking differences of students of different genders, grades, areas were of statistical significance(χ2=8.49, 126.91, 18.36, P<0.01), and the average age of the 423 drinking students was (10.5±1.6)years old. 290 children reported alcohol drinking once or twice in the past 1 week, accounting for 68.6% of the drinking children. 93 children reported drinking for three to six times, accounting for 22.0%, 40 students reported drinking for more than 7 times. Blending wine(58.2%) ranked as the most preferred, followed by beer(33.3%).Drinking was more likely reported among school-aged children who were boys, in higher grade, living in suburbs of Beijing, while children whose parents were more likely to drink in the past month, or from family with lower income and lower education level were also more likely to drink(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Drinking among school-aged children in Beijing in the past 1 is common, but their drinking amount per day was relatively low. Drinking was influenced by age, gender, living place, family and other factors. It is recommended that non-alcoholic intervention should be carried out as soon as possible for them.

Identification of an acute myeloid leukaemia associated noncoding somatic mutation at 3′ end of HOXA cluster

Noncoding somatic mutations have been demonstrated to play important role in tumourigenesis. Here we show that there exists an acute myeloid leukaemia associated noncoding somatic mutation at 3′ terminal of conserved HOXA cluster. The mutation was identified in the bone marrow blasts but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells or buccal cells of two M3 (acute promyelocytic leukaemia, APL) type patients from 45 acute myeloid leukaemia patients. The mutation also existed in a pair of twins one of them developed acute myeloid leukaemia M4 (acute myelomonocytic leukaemia) type. The mutation resides in about 2-kb downstream of HOXA1 gene where a functional retinoic acid response element is located and also bound by histone demethylase KDM3B. Reporter assay showed that the mutation results in the upregulation of transcriptional activity and unresponsiveness to retinoic acid receptor. To sum up, we identified a new acute myeloid leukaemia associated noncoding somatic mutation.

Factors affecting the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque by left ventricular function / 医学研究生学报

Objective At present, there are few reports on the stability of carotid plaque and left ventricular function at home and abroad. The article investigated the factors influencing the stability of left ventricular function on carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods 90 patients with carotid atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness >0.2 cm) admitted in the Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 10, 2017 to January 8, 2019 were selected and their stability of plaques was graded by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The patients were divided into two groups according to the stability of plaque. The differences of general clinical data, related biochemical indexes and left ventricular function indexes between the two groups were compared. The effects of left ventricular structural function on plaque stability were examined by logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that E peak (χ2=2.170, P=0.034), ventricular septal thickness (χ2=-1.972, P=0.049), diabetes history (χ2=10.102, P=0.001) were the risk factors of plaque stability and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that E peak (OR=0.022, P=0.014) and diabetes history (OR=0.185, P=0.002) were independent influencing factors of plaque stability. Conclusion There is an independent correlation between left ventricular function and plaque stability, and plaque stability can predict changes in ventricular structural function.

Effect of new nucleus pulposus replacement on the flexibility motion and intradiscal pressure at the adjacent level / 医用生物力学

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical stability of pectin/polyvinyl alcohol composite （CoPP）hydrogel and to assess the range of motion(ROM) and intradiscal pressure (IDP) changes at the above adjacent segment after the anterior implantation of CoPP hydrogel and cage. Method Six fresh cadaveric lumbar spine specimens（L3～L5）were biomechanically tested on the robotic testing machine. ROM at L3/4 and L4/5 and intradiscal pressure at L3/4 were measured. All measurements were made with initially intact and followed by both CoPP and cage implantations. Results At the implanted level (L4/5), the CoPP spine showed no significant change in the other five motion directions except left lateral bending motion compared with the intact spine (P>0.05), whereas the cage spine decreased significantly in all motion directions when compared with the intact spine or CoPP spine (P0.05), whereas the ROM of cage spine significantly increased in all motion directions compared with the intact spine (P0.05). While the IDP of cage spine significantly increased in flexion/extension and left/right lateral bending compared with the intact spine or CoPP spine (P0.05). Conclusions The implantation of CoPP prosthetic nucleus can preserve the motion function at the operated level and maintain the lumbar stability. Compared with the lumbar fusion, the nucleus replacement has no significant effect on the ROM and IDP at adjacent level, which may decrease or avoid the adjacent segment degeneration.

In vivo experimental study of lumbar nucleus replacement with pectin/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the anti degenerative effect of pectin/polyvinyl alcohol composite (CoPP) hydrogel as artificial nucleus material in an animal model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were used to build animal models, the L₄₋₅ intervertebral discs were pierced with a Gauge#16 needle and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or CoPP implants were inserted into the holes. For comparative purposes, L₃₋₄ discs underwent sham treatment or control treatment in which the disc was pierced but no implant was inserted. All the discs were divided into four groups as follows: sham disc group, pierced disc group, PVA disc group and CoPP disc group. The discs were analyzed radiologically and histologically for degenerative changes at 1, 3 or 6 months after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>None of the animals died from operative complications, such as paraplegia or infection before being killed. Macroscopically, none of the implants showed any signs of displacement at the time of harvest. The radiological analysis revealed that significantly less disc height loss was found with the PVA and CoPP replacement treatment than with the pierced treatment (P < 0.05). Changes in disc height after the replacement treatment were not significantly different from that after the sham treatment (P > 0.05). Histological degeneration of the replaced discs was delayed in comparison with that of the pierced discs (P < 0.05), but progressed with time, and PVA replacement showed faster disc degeneration than CoPP replacement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Degeneration of the anulus fibrosus after the CoPP prosthetic nucleus replacement treatment is delayed by preserving disc height and occupying the space of the nucleus pulposus, and it has great potential clinical application value.</p>

One-stage toenail lengthening: a report of 9 cases / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize clinical application of one-stage toenail lengthening in free second toe transfer for reconstruction of the thumb (finger).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine patients (male 7, female 2) underwent thumb (finger) reconstruction with second toe transfer were treated by one-stage toenail lengthening technique. Eight were the thumb and 1 was the index finger. Patients aged from 18 to 46 years,with an average of 25 years. A rectangle skin was resected at 0.5 cm away from the eponychium, which was 0.2 cm high and as wide as the toenail. Then stripped U shape flap gently towards proximal end and sutured it. During the operation, the injury of the subcutaneous vascular network should be avoided.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Superficial infection at donor area happened in 1 case and was healed by changing dressings. All the reconstruction thumbs (fingers) had survived completely. 2 to 3 mm extending of toenail length was obtained and the appearance of thumb (finger) was improved. There was no growth deformation of toenail. After 7 to 24 months follow up (the average time 13 months), the appearance of the nail was good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>One-stage toenail lengthening in free second toe transfer for reconstruction of the thumb (finger), which can obtain a satisfactory appearance of the nail and have no influence on the motion of the reconstruction thumb (finger), is a simple and an effective operative procedure.</p>