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Quality control of biotech drugs has attracted increasing attentions in recent years. Deamidation reaction is one of the major concerns in quality control of biotech drugs, due to the generation of isoaspartic acid(isoAsp) . This paper describes the deamidation of asparagine(Asn) residues and its effects on the biological drugs. The detection methods currently used in China and overeas for this reaction, including pretreatment protocols and instrumental analysis were described. The identification and determination of isoaspartyl sites were also described in detail, along with the positive impact on the development of biotech drugs in China by the studies on deamidation reactions.
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Objective To explore the appropriate scientific research award mechanism to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.Methods Literature review was adopted to conduct comprehensive analysis of the incentive mechanisms of foreign patent transformation as well as related policies in China.Results Aimed to providing sufficient opportunities and motivation for the patent transformation platform,increasing the proportion of incentives for R&D personnel and setting up performance rewards for scientific research administration,a policy named Provisions on the proportion of rewards for R&D personnel after the transformation of intellectual property rights in Zhongshan Hospital was developed,which effectively facilitated the medical patents to market transformation.Conclusions It is alerted that improve the enthusiasm of relevant personnel for patent transformation plays important role in increasing the transformation of medical patents.
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Objective As one of the important parts of medical scientific research outcomes,the significance of nursing patents is becoming more and more prominent during recent years.However,the nursing department is the blind spot of intellectual property in most hospitals.This article tried to explore strategies to eliminate harriers to the implementation of nursing intellectual property rights in order to promote nursing patents.Methods This paper conducted systematic analysis of the problems and obstacles in the implementation and transformation of nursing patents,and proposed tailored administrative plan.Results Identified obstacle factors include personal reasons of the nursing staff,heavy daily clinical work,as well as the immature patent system and patent market in China.Accordingly,our hospital adopted several corrective measurements,for instance,improving the support for the implementation of nursing patents,strengthening the cultivation and incubation of the intellectual property of nursing staff and standardizing the patent management.Conclusions These measures have effectively im proved the awareness and enthusiasm of nurses' patent knowledge.And we have obtained the ice breaking of the transformation of nursing patents in our hospital.
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Objective The demand for medical intellectual property transformation has been increasing.However,the current patent transformation system in our country is not yet perfect.The specialization and complexity of patent value evaluation hampered the transformation.In this article,we argued and analyzed the method of value evaluation before the transformation of medical patent in order to promote the transformation of medical patent.Methods Through the analysis and comparison of classic patent valuation models,the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of cost method,market method and income method are summarized,also introduced the methods and experience of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University.Results The three methods including comprehensive cost accounting,market value valuation and negotiation between the two parties to carry out the pre-transformation value evaluation,can help to obtain the transaction valuation value of the medical patent that meets the current actual situation.Conclusions The scientific and operable value evaluation method of medical patents before transformation,organized approval process and clear revenue management are vital strategies for the transformation of medical patents.
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The pathological changes and morphological features of fibrinous membrane formation on the posterior chamber lens were studied in rabbits with Irj ght microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that there were fibrinous membrane, inflammatory cells and pigment deposits on the intraocular lens (IOL) surface. On the 1st postoperative day fi rinous membrane on IOL was formed, on the 7th postoperative day enlarged markedly, on the 14th postoperative day reduced in size. It is und fothat the fibrinous exudate is the basic constituent of the membrane. The membrane on the surface of IOL is composed of fibrin along with macrophages, fibroblastlike cells and giant cells,and eventually fibrosis occurs. The fibrinous membrane and inflmmatory cells on IOL accumulate primarily on the lens edge, optical portion, positioning hole of IOL, and haptic-optic junction. It is suggestedthat fibrinous membrane formation on IOL is closely related to the irritation of PMMA IOL, the breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier and the immune response.