Effect of acid sphingomyelinase on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via PPARα- PGC-1α pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of acid sphingomyelinase(ASMase)on high-fat induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice and its regulation of PPARα- PGC-1α pathway. Methods ASMase knockout mice based on C57BL/6 background were constructed. Closed group heterozygotes were obtained through hybridized with wild-type mice(ASMase+/-),together with the littermate WT mice were prepared for NAFLD model in this study. The experiment was divided into four groups:WT+Chow:the WT mice were fed with normal diet for 12 weeks; WT+HFD:the WT mice were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks; ASMase+/-+Chow:the ASMase+/- mice were fed with normal diet for 12 weeks; ASMase+/- +HFD:the ASMase+/- mice were fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks. Biochemical method was used to detect serum TC,TG and liver TC,TG contents and liver function such as ALT and AST. Oil red staining,HE staining,Masson staining and Sirius red staining were performed to detect liver lipid accumulation,hepatocyte morphology and liver fibrosis. AmplexTM red sphingomyelinase kit was applied to detect ASMase activity. Western blot was performed to detect protein expressions of ASMase,PPARα,PGC-1α and CPT1. Results WT+HFD group displayed hypercholesterolemia and liver dysfunction. Levels of liver triglyceride(TG)were significantly higher than those in WT+Chow group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile,the hepatocytes showed marked steatosis,balloon-like changes,and fibrosis. Protein expression and activity of ASMase in liver increased significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.001),whereas CPT1,PPARα and PGC-1α expressions were not statistically significant compared with matched control group. Heterozygously ASMase-deficient mice reduced the elevated liver TG induced by HFD,as well as improving balloon-like changes and liver fibrosis. Furthermore,the expressions of PPARα,PGC-1α and CPT1 were up-regulated in ASMase+/- +HFD mice compared with WT+Chow group.Conclusions ASMase promotes hepatic steatosis and fibrosis,which may be related to its inhibition of PPARα-PGC-1α pathway.

Urethroplasty with circular fasciocutaneous flap in the treatment of complex anterior urethral strictures / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the experience of urethral reconstruction using circular fasciocutaneous flap for the treatment of complex anterior urethral strictures.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The circular fasciocutaneous flap was harvested from the distal penile shaft or foreskin. Then the circular configuration was converted into longitudinal strip of skin which was rotated to ventral side to repair the exposured urethral strictures using the ventral onlay method. The surveillance protocol after urethroplasty was urination observation, regularly uroflowmetry and urethrography examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From Nov. 2006 to Oct. 2012, 15 cases were treated. The mean age was 45 years (20-76 years) and mean follow-up period was 18 months(3 months-3 years). Stricture was caused by chronic urethritis in 4 cases, long-term urethral catheterization in 3 cases, transurethral perfusion chem other aphy in 3 cases, transurethral prostatectomy in 3 cases and hypospadias after surgery in 2 patients. The mean stricture length was 7.0 cm (3.5-12.0 cm). The overall success rate was 80.0% (12/15). Recurrence stenosis was noted in 2 cases and diverticulum formation in 1 case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The penile circular fasciocutaneous flap can be used for anterior urethral stricture in nearly any length. The flap has the characteristics of hairless, adequate mobile and length, well-vascularized pedicle and easy to harvest. The onlay reconstruction provides excellent cosmetic results, less trauma, higher success rate. Therefore it should be one of the preferred techniques for complex anterior urethral stricture repair.</p>

Urethral reconstruction using lingual mucosal graft for the treatment of complex hypospadias / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review and summarize the experience of urethral reconstruction using lingual mucosal graft for the treatment of complex hypospadias.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We evaluated the methods using lingual mucosal graft for the treatment of complex hypospadias. The dorsal inlay graft method and the tube graft method were used in our study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From Nov. 2010 to Oct. 2011,21 cases were treated. All the cases had at least one failed hypospadisa surgery before. The dorasl inlay grafting technique was used for 16 patients, the tube grafting technique was carried out in 5 patients(2 cases received Tube + Duply method). The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 12 months (by average 6 months). The success rate of the methods was 61.9% with complications in 8 cases. Urethral fistula developed in 3 patients and urethral stricture developed in 5 patients. All cases who suffered stricture received the tube grafting technique. The fistula and urethral stricture were occurred at the site of the urethral termonoterminal anostomosis. Urethral stricture is the most common complication after the tube graft method for the treatment of the complex hypospadias.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Harvesting the lingual mucosal graft is feasible and easy to perform. The complex hypospadias repair technique using lingual mucosal graft method provides good results. There fore it should be one of the preferred techniques for complex hypospadias repair. The dorsal inlay grafting technique has lower complication rate than the tube grafting technique. Early and regular urethral sounding should be carried out when patients received the tube graft method.</p>

Strong influences of polymerization temperature on ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization catalyzed by (2-PhInd)(2)ZrCl(2)/methyl aluminoxane / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Ethylene/1-hexene was copolymerized by an unbridged zirconocene, (2-PhInd)(2)ZrCl(2)/MAO (methyl aluminoxane) at 0 degrees C and 50 degrees C respectively. High copolymerization activity and 1-hexene incorporation were observed at 0 degrees C, with the copolymer formed having random sequence distribution and narrow molecular weight distribution. Ethylene polymerization at 50 degrees C showed high activity, but copolymerization at 50 degrees C showed much lower activity, which decreased sharply with increasing 1-hexene concentration in the monomer feed. Copolymer formed at 50 degrees C showed blocky sequence distribution and broad molecular weight distribution. A mechanism model based on ligand rotation hindered by the propagation chain has been proposed to qualitatively explain the observed phenomena.