Mechanism by which Bushen Yiqi Huayu granule improves callus angiogenesis in osteoporotic rats after fracture operation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bushen Yiqi Huayu granule has the effect of replenishing qi and eliminating blood stasis,tonifying kidney and smoothing collages,and is often used in the treatment of osteoporosis.At present,there are few studies on the effect of Bushen Yiqi Huayu granule on the callus angiogenesis of osteoporotic fractures. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Bushen Yiqi Huayu granule by up-regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinases(ERK/MAPK)signaling pathway to improve callus angiogenesis after fracturing in osteoporotic rats. METHODS:(1)Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic SD rats and bone marrow monocytes from C57BL/6 mice were collected.MTT assay was used to detect different doses of Bushen Yiqi Huayu granule on bone mesenchymal stem cell toxicity.Bone mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow monocytes were cultured in the medium supplemented with 0 and 1.5 mg/mL Bushen Yiqi Huayu granules,respectively,and osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast differentiation were carried out in vitro.(2)144 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,granule group and granule+PD98059 group with 36 rats in each group.The osteoporotic model was established in the model group,granule group and granule+PD98059 group,and only part of the adipose tissue near the ovary was removed in the sham operation group.8 weeks later,all rats received left tibial osteotomy.In the granule+PD98059 group,5 g/kg Bushen Yiqi Huayu granule was given intragastrically,and 0.3 mg/kg PD98059 was injected into the tail vein.The granule group was given 5 g/kg Bushen Yiqi Huayu granule,and the same volume of normal saline was injected into the tail vein.The sham operation group and model group were given an equal volume of normal saline,and the caudal vein was injected with an equal volume of normal saline.Drug administration was conducted once a day for 8 weeks.Fracture healing and callus angiogenesis were observed by X-ray,micro-computed tomography and microvascular perfusion angiography.Bone mineral density and mechanical strength of the callus were measured.The tibia was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining.Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression of ERK/MAPK signaling pathway-related molecules. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the 0 mg/mL group,the alkaline phosphatase activity,mineralization level,p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 MAPK expression levels of osteocytes increased(P<0.05),while the density and volume of osteoclasts decreased in the 1.5 mg/mL group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the sham operation group,the fracture healing degree of the granule group was similar at 4 and 8 weeks,but there was no significant difference in Lane-Sandhu score,total callus volume,mineralized callus volume,mineralized callus volume/total callus volume,trabecular thickness,vascular number,spacing,thickness,vascular volume/total volume,bone mineral density,ultimate load of callus,stiffness,p-ERK1/2,p-p38 MAPK,p-IκB-α,and p-p65 expression levels(P>0.05).In the model group and granule+PD98059 group,fracture healing was slow,Lane-Sandhu score,total callus volume,mineralized callus volume,mineralized callus volume/total callus volume,trabecular thickness,vascular number,thickness,vascular volume/total volume,bone mineral density,ultimate load of callus,stiffness,p-ERK1/2,p-p38 MAPK,p-IκB-α,and p-p65 expression levels decreased(P<0.05),and vascular spacing increased(P<0.05),compared with the sham operation group.(3)It is indicated that Bushen Yiqi Huayu granule can improve fracture healing,promote callus angiogenesis and alleviate the symptoms of osteoporosis by enhancing the expression of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway-related molecules in osteoporotic rats.

Platelet-rich fibrin regulates apoptosis to promote cartilage repair in rats with knee osteoarthritis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)is a second generation platelet concentrate with the advantages of simple operation,no anticoagulant,and high bioactivity,which has been applied in the fields of trauma repair,bone defect repair,and tendon soft tissue repair,and has been proved to have a certain tissue repair-promoting effect. OBJECTIVE:To study the repair effect of PRF on articular cartilage tissue in rats with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,and PRF group,with 12 rats in each group.Rats in the normal group did not undergo any treatment.In the model group,animal models of knee osteoarthritis were prepared and rat models were then given physiological saline into the joint cavity once a week after surgery.Rat models of knee osteoarthritis were also prepared in the PRF group,and autologous PRF was injected into the joint cavity once a week after surgery.After 5 weeks of continuous treatment,tissue samples were taken.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of cartilage tissue.Tunel staining was used to detect chondrocyte apoptosis,ELISA was used to detect inflammatory factor levels.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect Bcl-2,Bax,and Caspase-3 expression in protein and mRNA levels,respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The model group had severe cartilage tissue damage,while the PRF group had significantly improved cartilage tissue morphology compared with the model group.The model group had more apoptotic chondrocytes.Compared with the model group,the mean absorbance of Tunel positive staining in the PRF group significantly decreased(P<0.01).The levels of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly increased in the model group and PRF group compared with the normal group(P<0.01)and were significantly decreased in the PRF group compared with the model group(P<0.01).The relative expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 at protein and mRNA levels were significantly increased in the model group and PRF group compared with the normal group(P<0.01),while the relative expressions of Bcl-2 at protein and mRNA were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the relative expression of Bax and Caspase-3 at protein and mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the PRF group(P<0.01),while the relative expressions of Bcl-2 at protein and mRNA levels were significantly increased(P<0.01).To conclude,PRF can inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,thereby promoting cartilage tissue repair in knee osteoarthritis rats.

Quantitative research on China's disability rehabilitation policy using policy modeling consistency index model / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo quantitatively analyze and evaluate the content of rehabilitation policy for people with disabilities in China. MethodsThis study focused on ten national policies of disability rehabilitation issued from 2021 to 2023. It employed text mining techniques to process policy texts and constructed a policy modeling consistency index model for disability rehabilitation policies in China. The relevant policies were evaluated and analyzed quantitatively. ResultsThe disability rehabilitation policies in China were relatively comprehensive in terms of policy transparency, operational mechanisms and policy nature. However, there was still a need for optimization in terms of policy perspectives, target groups, incentive mechanisms, and other aspects. ConclusionThe overall quality of disability rehabilitation policy texts at the national level in China is relatively good. There is a need to further enhance the predictability of policy objectives, clarify the responsibilities and division of labor among various departments, and improve policy incentive mechanisms in future policy formulation, which will further refine China's disability rehabilitation policy system and contribute to high-quality development of the disability cause.

Factors related to career development and transformation of rehabilitation therapists / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of rehabilitation therapists' work, and analyze the factors related to their career development and transformation. MethodsFrom September, 2022 to January, 2023, 153 rehabilitation therapists in Weifang were investigated with a cross-sectional questionnaire, using general questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Scale for Grassroots Health Technicians, Social Responsibility Scale, Job Role and Identity Inventory, and Employee Turnover Scale. ResultsThe majority of rehabilitation therapists interviewed were male (52.28%), under 35 years old (88.24%), with a bachelor's degree (77.78%), income less than 5 000 yuan a month (46.40%), and less than five years of service (48.36%). The work time was (7.78±0.84) hours a day, (5.39±0.51) days a week. The favorable rate of the physical environment of work was 67.32%, and the favorable rate of the interpersonal relationship environment of work was 80.39%. The score of professional identity was (3.61±0.84), the score of job satisfaction was (3.62±0.97), the score of social responsibility was (3.53±0.79), and the score of turnover was (2.39±1.10). Education level, job satisfaction, and social responsibility were the main factors related to the employee turnover (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe overall educational level of rehabilitation therapists is relatively low, and the human resource structure needs to be optimized. There is a significant difference between academic education and continuing education, and career development needs to be improved. The main factors related to career development and transformation are education level, job satisfaction, and social responsibility.

Dental stem cell and dental tissue regeneration / 医学前沿

The teeth are highly differentiated chewing organs formed by the development of tooth germ tissue located in the jaw and consist of the enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp, and periodontal tissue. Moreover, the teeth have a complicated regulatory mechanism, special histologic origin, diverse structure, and important function in mastication, articulation, and aesthetics. These characteristics, to a certain extent, greatly complicate the research in tooth regeneration. Recently, new ideas for tooth and tissue regeneration have begun to appear with rapid developments in the theories and technologies in tissue engineering. Numerous types of stem cells have been isolated from dental tissue, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells isolated from human pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), and dental follicle cells (DFCs). All these cells can regenerate the tissue of tooth. This review outlines the cell types and strategies of stem cell therapy applied in tooth regeneration, in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatments.

Effects of early oral administration of mixed enteral nutritional agent on intestinal mucosal barrier of patients with severe burn injury / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of oral administration of mixed enteral nutritional agent on intestinal mucosal barrier of patients with severe burn injury at early stage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four patients with severe burn injury admitted to our burn ward from August 2013 to September 2014, conforming to the study criteria, were divided into conventional therapy group (n = 12) and early enteral feeding group (n = 12) according to the random number table. Patients in conventional therapy group received conventional treatment immediately after admission, while those in early enteral feeding group were orally given 100 mL of a mixture of glutamine, probiotics, and prebiotics once a day besides conventional treatment for 7 days. Serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and procalcitonin (PCT) and plasma level of LPS were determined by ELISA before treatment and on treatment day (TD) 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21. Wound secretion and blood samples were collected for bacterial culture within the 21 TD. The incidence of MODS within the 21 TD was observed. Data were processed with Fisher's exact test, rank sum test, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, and LSD-t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Serum levels of DAO in patients of early enteral feeding group on TD 7, 14, and 21 were respectively (14.9 ± 3.7), (12.4 ± 3.1), and (9.5 ± 0.7) ng/mL, which were significantly lower than those of conventional therapy group [(17.5 ± 4.0), (16.3 ± 3.3), and (13.0 ± 1.1) ng/mL, with t values from 2.913 to 15.304, P values below 0.01]. Serum levels of DAO at the other time points were close between the two groups (with t values from -0.598 to 0.139, P values above 0.05). (2) Compared with serum levels of PCT in patients of conventional therapy group [(11.7 ± 20.9) and (12.9 ± 23.9) ng/mL], those of early enteral feeding group were significantly lower on TD 7 and 14 [(2.7 ± 8.1) and (2.0 ± 5.6) ng/mL, with Z values respectively -2.919 and -2.139, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. Serum levels of PCT at the other time points were close between the two groups (with Z values from -1.833 to -0.346, P values above 0.05). (3) Plasma level of LPS in patients of early enteral feeding group on TD 7 was (33 ± 56) pg/mL, which was significantly lower than that of conventional therapy group [(102 ± 108) pg/mL, Z = -2.046, P < 0.05]. Plasma levels of LPS at the other time points between the two groups showed no significant difference (with Z values from -2.003~-0.526, P values above 0.05). (4) Positive results in bacterial culture of wound secretion were approximately the same between the two groups (P > 0.05). Bacterial culture of blood was positive in 7 patients of conventional therapy group and 1 patient of early enteral feeding group, showing significantly statistical difference (P < 0.05). MODS was observed in 1 patient of conventional therapy group, showing no significantly statistical difference with that of early enteral feeding group (no patient, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Early intestinal feeding of mixed enteral nutritional agent in addition to conventional therapy can effectively promote repair of the impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier, protect integrity of intestinal mucosa, reduce damage to intestines, and alleviate inflammatory response in patients suffering from severe burn injury.</p>

Application of the Monoclonal Antibody 3H11 Against Gastric Cancer / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

A monoclonal antibody (McAb) 3H11 against gastric cancer with high positive rate, high selectivity and high affinity was obtained. 131 I Labeled McAb 3H11 was injected into gastric cancer-bearing nude mice, and the tumor/liver ratio, localization index, ID%/g could reach 8.26?1.26, 6.08 + 1.51, 11.00?2.62, respectively. Moreover, McAb 3H11 conjugated with 131 I could increase the cytotoxicity to tumor xenografts and decrease the side effects. The radioimmunoimage was carried out in 19 cases with gastric cancer, and positive image was obtained in 16 cases (84.2%). The radioimmunoguided surgery of gastric cancer was successfully done by submucous injection of labeled McAb 3H11 through endoscope. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for evaluation of tumor infiltrated gastric walls were 94.6%, 96.7% and 95.9%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for identification of metastatic lymph nodes were 99.2% ,97.7% and 98.8%, respectively.

The Cytotoxic Effects on Gastric Cancer Mediated by Bi-specific Antibodies / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Bi-specific antibodies (BsAb) P210/MMC, P210/TNP and P40/CD3 were prepared with different approaches. Among 11 fusions, 7, 484 wells were planted, and 223 dual positive wells were obtained from 1, 111 growth wells, only five hybrid-hybridomas secreting BsAb were obtained, showing the difficulties to prepare BsAb. It was shown that bridge assay is very important for identification of the BsAb. Among 12 triomas secreting y and ? chains, only two had BsAb. Therefore, the frequency for y and ? to combine to BsAb was 16.7(2/12). BsAb(P210/TNP) with versatile adaptor could mediate cytotoxic effects on target cells of different cytotoxic agents conjugated with TNP.Moreover, BsAb(P40/CD3) could mediate cytotoxic effects of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) on target cells. With local injection, four times treatments could abolish the tumor xenografts in nude mice.

THE PHARMACOKINETICS STUDY OF ~3H-HPD AND GASTRIC CANCER MoAb CONJUGATE ON THE TUMOR-BEARING NUDE MICE / 中国药理学通报

The pharmacokinetics and content of 3H11-8H-HPD in tumor, liver, skin and muscular of tumor-bearing nude mice were reported and compared with free 3H-H'PD. The conjugated molar ratio of 3Hll-3H-HPD was 1 : 27. The 97% antibody activity of conjugate was retained. After 3Hll-3H-HPD or 3H-HPD iv into tumor-bearing nude mice, the pharmacokinetics parameter of blood-drug concentration indicated that the T1/2 of conjugate group was longer than that of 3H-HPD, the elimination rate constant ( Kel ) of conjugat group was larger than that of 3H-HPD group, but the aparent volume of distribution ( Vd ) of the former was less than that of the latter. Tissue distribution study reveald that the radioactivity in tumor tissue of conjugate was increased average 0.9 fold than that of 3H-HPD group. Tumor/liver ratio in both 3Hll-3H-HPD group and 3H-HPD group were 0.66 ? 0.24 and 0.42?0.20, respectively. Contents of 3Hll-3H-HPD in skin or muscular were decreased average 1 fold than that of free 3H-HPD, respectively. The study result was shown the pharmacokinetics characteristic of large molecule conjugate and the targeting action of monoclonal antibody.