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ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone or in combination with ribavirin in Chinese patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection. MethodsA total of 299 patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection who attended The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 2017 to December 2020 were enrolled and treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone or in combination with ribavirin for 12 weeks， and they were followed up for 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. The patients were evaluated in terms of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment （SVR12） and adverse reactions. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups； the Agresti-Coull method was used to evaluate the 95% confidence interval （CI） of SVR12； univariate and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the influencing factors for SVR. ResultsThe 299 patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection had a mean age of 43.92±6.84 years， among whom the male patients accounted for 77.3% （231/299）， the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 36.5% （109/299）， the patients with a history of antiviral therapy accounted for 13.4% （40/299）， and the patients receiving sofosbuvir/velpatasvir combined with ribavirin accounted for 27.8% （83/299）. The overall SVR was 87.0% （260/299） for all patients， and there was no significant difference in SVR12 between the patients receiving sofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone and those receiving sofosbuvir/velpatasvir combined with ribavirin （87.5% vs 85.5%， χ2=0.203， P=0.653）. There was a significant difference in SVR12 between the patients without liver cirrhosis and those with liver cirrhosis （90.0% vs 81.7%， χ2=4.256， P=0.039）， and the patients receiving antiviral therapy for the first time had a significantly higher SVR12 than the treatment-experienced patients （93.4% vs 45.0%， χ2=71.670， P<0.001）. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that platelet count （odds ratio ［OR］=0.957， 95%CI： 0.931 — 0.984， P=0.002）， liver stiffness measurement （OR=1.446， 95%CI： 1.147 — 1.822， P=0.002）， and experience in treatment （OR=13.807， 95%CI： 2.970 — 64.174， P=0.001） were independent influencing factors for SVR in patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection. There were 41 cases of serious adverse events， all of which occurred within 2 weeks after antiviral therapy， and 28 cases were resolved without drug withdrawal or active treatment， while 13 cases were not resolved after active treatment and were resolved after the antiviral drugs were stopped for 2 — 5 days， with no similar reactions observed when the drugs were used again after remission. ConclusionSofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone or in combination with ribavirin has relatively good efficacy and safety in patients with genotype 3B HCV/HIV infection.
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Objectives:To study the computed tomography features of banded adhesions(BA) and matted adhesions(MA) of adhesive small bowel obstruction(ASBO).Methods:We enrolled 150 patients operated on for ASBO. According to intraoperated findings, ASBO were classified into those caused by BA or MA. A multivariable logistic regression was established to analyze independent risk factors on Computed Tomography features.Results:There were significant differences in closed-loop sign (36.8% vs. 14.3%, P=0.002) mesenteric haziness (43.7% vs. 17.5%, P=0.001), beak sign (48.3% vs. 17.5%, P<0.001), fat notch sign (39.1% vs. 9.5%, P<0.001) and peritoneal fluid (54.0% vs. 34.9%, P=0.015) between the two groups. The presence of beak sign [ OR=6.15, 95% CI (2.55-14.84), P<0.001], fat notch sign [ OR=6.19, 95% CI (2.16-17.82), P=0.001] and mesenteric haziness [ OR=3.34, 95% CI (1.34-8.32), P=0.009] were independent risk factors with BA. Conclusion:Beak sign, fat notch sign and mesenteric haziness were independent risk factors for diagnosing BA.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for ruptured lobulated anterior communicating artery aneurysm (ACoAA).Methods:Patients with ruptured lobulated ACoAA received endovascular treatment in Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from June 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively included. Their demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics, endovascular treatment methods and follow-up results were collected.Results:A total of 24 patients with ruptured lobulated ACoAA were included, including 9 males (37.5%) and 15 females (62.5%). Their age was 56.2±8.9 years old (range 39-74). The time from rupture to endovascular treatment was 10.9±12.5 h. The maximum diameter of the aneurysms was 5.1±1.0 mm and neck width was 3.0±0.7 mm. Nineteen patients (79.2%) were double-lobed and 5 (20.8%) were multilobed. Fisher's grade: grade 2 in 16 cases (66.7%), grade 3 in 6 cases (25%), and grade 4 in 2 cases (8.3%). Hunt-Hess grade: grade 0-2 in 5 cases (20.8%), grade 3-5 in 19 cases (79.2%). Glasgow Coma Scale score: 9-12 in 14 cases (58.3%), 13-15 in 10 cases (41.7%). Immediately postprocedural Raymond-Roy grade: grade 1 in 23 cases (95.8%), grade 2 in 1 case (4.2%). Raymond-Roy grade in imaging follow-up for 2 weeks to 3 months: grade 1 in 23 cases (95.8%), grade 2 in 1 case (4.2%). Follow-up for 2 to 12 months showed that 21 patients (87.5%) had good functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2), and there were no deaths.Conclusion:Endovascular treatment is a safe and effective treatment for ruptured lobulated AcoAA.
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Polyporus umbellatus， as a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting diuresis and clearing dampness， mainly contains steroids and polysaccharides. It is usually used to treat diseases of urinary system. In this paper， the research progress of the effective components， pharmacological mechanisms and clinical use of P. umbellatus in diuresis-promotion and dampness- clearance is reviewed. Steroids such as ergosterone， peroxyergosterone， ergosta-7，22-dien-3-one and P. umbellatus polysaccharide PPS1， PPS2， PPS3， GUMP-1-1 and GUMP-1-2 promote diuresis and eliminate dampness through diuresis， renal protection， anti- inflammatory， bacteriostatic and immunomodulatory effects. Traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations such as P. umbellatus powder， P. umbellatus decoction， and Wuling powder have significant effects in treating urinary tract infections， lithiasis， renal edema and lesions， which providing reference for the further development and application of P. umbellatus.
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Objective:To explore the value of ultrasonic cardiac output monitor(USCOM) in guiding perioperative hemodynamic management of neonatal gastrointestinal surgery.Methods:Seventy-five neonates with hemodynamic changes after gastrointestinal surgery admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were enrolled, of which the non-USCOM group had 34 cases from January 2017 to December 2018, mainly based on clinical indicators such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood lactate acid to evaluate the hemodynamic status of children after surgery.The USCOM group had 41 cases from January 2019 to December 2020, used USCOM to assist in the evaluation of hemodynamics of children after surgery dynamic state.Another 40 cases were set up as the control group, included neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.The USCOM group and the control group were examined by USCOM to record cardiac output(CO), cardiac index(CI), and systemic vascular resistance(SVR). The changes in CO, CI, SVR between the USCOM group and the control group, the changes in USCOM group before and after the operation were compared, respectively.Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and lactic acid in the USCOM group before and after the operation were compared.And the differences of vasoactive drug dosage and time of first use after operation, postoperative first expansion time, volume expansion, incidence of anuria or oliguria within 24 hours after operation, and length of hospital stay between USCOM group and non-USCOM group were analyzed.Results:The CO, CI, SVR, heart rate, blood pressure before operation in USCOM group were not significantly different compared with those in the control group and 12 h after the operation.The CO and CI in USCOM group at 1 h after operation were lower than those before operation, and the lactic acid increased, the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). The SVR of USCOM group at 1 h after operation was higher than that before operation, but there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). The CO and CI at 12 h after operation in USCOM group were higher than those at 1 h after operation, and the SVR at 12 h was lower than that at 1 h after operation , the differences were all statistically significant( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in heart rate and blood pressure in USCOM group before and 1 h after operation ( P>0.05). The blood pressure at 12 h after operation was significantly higher than that at 1 h after operation( P<0.05). The time of first volume expansion and use of vasoactive drugs in USCOM group were significantly earlier than those in non-USCOM group[0.75(0.50, 1.37)h vs.7.00(5.00, 13.25)h, Z=-7.041, P<0.001; (1.39±1.33)h vs.(8.61±5.15)h, t=-7.917, P<0.001], the total volume of expansion was significantly reduced[17.50(10.00, 30.00)mL vs.30.00(20.00, 30.00)mL, t=-3.045, P=0.002], the dosage of dopamine was significantly reduced[8.40(6.20, 10.40)mg/kg vs.8.90(7.20, 14.40)mg/kg, Z=-2.475, P=0.013], the incidence of oliguria or anuria within 24 hours after operation was significantly reduced(12.2% vs.32.3%, t=4.500, P=0.034), the length of hospital stay was significantly shortened[25.00(15.50, 31.00)d vs.28.00(21.75, 34.00)d, Z=-1.985, P=0.047], and the dosage of dobutamine and epinephrine was not significantly changed( P>0.05). Conclusion:Non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring can monitor the hemodynamic changes of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract in real time during the perioperative period, which is helpful to guide the management of vasoactive drugs and fluids after surgery.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the method for the content determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Shexiang zhuanggu plaster ，and to evaluate the quality of 222 batches of Shexiang zhuanggu plaster from 41 manufacturers. METHODS HPLC method was established. The determination was performed on Shimadzu Shim-pack GIS-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphoric acid （3∶97，V/V）at the flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，the detection wavelength was 210 nm，the sample size was 10 μL. Taking the content data of 222 batches of samples as index ，the cluster heatmap was drawn by Hiplot biomedical data visualization and analysis platform. RESULTS The results of the methodological investigation were in line with the requirements of the general principles stated in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ ）. The total contents of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in 222 batches of samples from 41 manufacturers were 0.646-6.325 μg/cm2. Results of cluster heatmap analysis showed that these samples of 41 manufacturers could be divided into 3 categories. The contents of components in samples from different manufacturers varied greatly ，and the contents of components in different batches of samples from the same manufacturers also varied greatly. If the proposed limit of this product was that the total amount of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride per 1 cm2 would not be less than 1.00 μg，23 of the 222 batches of samples were unqualified. CONCLUSIONS The established method for the content determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Shexiang zhuanggu plaster is accurate and precise ，and can be used for the quality control. Some manufacturers should pay attention to optimizing production process and strengthening quality control.
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OBJECTIVE To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous dete rmination of morroniside ，loganin，paeoniflorin， salvianolic acid B and icariin in Shenfukang Ⅱ capsule. METHODS The determination was performed on Agilent 5 TC-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphate acid （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and detection wavelength was set at 240 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. RESULTS The linear range of morroniside，loganin，paeoniflorin，salvianolic acid B and icariin were 4.80-240.00，4.84-242.00，7.00-350.00，4.72-236.00 and 5.18-259.00 μg/mL（r≥0.999 8），respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3％（n＝6）. Average recoveries were 97.22％-101.36％ with the RSDs of 1.19％-2.43％（n＝6）. The contents of above 5 components in 5 batches of samples were 2.019 3-2.360 0，1.624 2-1.847 1，5.637 7-6.828 0，5.015 9-5.717 0 and 1.208 8-1.754 6 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS The method is simple ，accurate and reproducible. It can improve the quality control level of Shenfukang Ⅱ capsule.
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Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) and analyze the risk factors of CHD in patients with T2DM.Methods:Using the method of retrospective cohort study, 406 elderly male patients with T2DM (≥75 years old) admitted to Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected and divided into T2DM without CHD group (165 cases) and T2DM with CHD group (241 cases). The clinical characteristics in elderly patients with T2DM complicated with CHD and risk factors for CHD were analyzed.Results:The age ((86.78±5.35 )years old), course of T2DM((12.32±0.46) years), fasting blood glucose(FPG)((7.64±2.81) mmol/L), hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c)((7.59±1.21)%), the proportion of hypertension(84.65%(204/241)), D-dimer((0.50±0.13) mg/L), the incidence of thromboembolic events(46.06%(111/241)), blood serum creatinine ((94.81±12.70) μmol/L), urea nitrogen((8.31±4.46) mmol/L), uric acid((376.44±116.01) μmol/L) in T2DM with CHD group were higher than those in T2DM without CHD((78.51±4.81)years old, (10.66±0.67)years, (6.84±2.19) mmol/L, (7.02±2.15)%, 63.03%(104/165), (0.21±0.04 ) mg/L, 13.33%(22/165), (83.01±14.40) μmol/L, (6.79±2.89) mmol/L, (333.56±95.15) μmol/L ), and the differences were statistically significant( t=15.908, t=2.042, t=3.055, t=3.088, χ 2=23.828, t=5.059, χ 2=42.098, t=2.401, t=4.188, t=4.075; all P<0.05). The total bilirubin(TBil)(8.80(6.60, 11.60) μmol/L), glomerular filtration rate(GFR)((76.49±29.80) mL/(min·1.75 m 2)) in T2DM with CHD group were lower than those in T2DM without CHD group (11.25(8.23, 15.28) μmol/L, (91.81±28.31) mL/(min·1.75 m 2)), the differences were statistically significant( Z=2.304, t=5.126; all P<0.001). The total cholesterol((3.84±0.85) mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)((2.12±0.68 ) mmol/L) in T2DM with CHD group were lower than those in T2DM without CHD group((4.10±1.00) mmol/L, (2.45±0.85) mmol/L), the differences were statistically significant( t=2.828, 4.156; all P<0.05). The rate of starting lipid-lowering and stable plaque treatment in T2DM with CHD group (82.57%(199/261))was higher than that in T2DM without CHD group(42.42%(70/165)), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=70.614, P<0.001). Influenced by lipid-lowering therapy, the total cholesterol and LDL-C in T2DM patients with CHD were significantly decreased.Logistic regression analysis showed that age elevated( OR 1.346, 95% CI 1.263-1.434, P<0.001), elevated hemoglobin a1c concentration( OR 1.427, 95% CI 1.140-1.785, P=0.002), complicated with hypertension( OR 3.534, 95% CI 1.684-7.418, P=0.001), elevated D-dimer concentration( OR 3.969, 95% CI 1.227-12.841, P=0.021)and elevated uric acid concentration( OR 1.005, 95% CI 1.001-1.008, P=0.006)were independent risk factors for CHD in elderly male patients with T2DM. Conclusion:Elderly patients with T2DM complicated with CHD are more likely to be in hypercoagulable state, more likely to have thromboembolic events, and more obvious renal function damage.Poor fasting blood glucose control and decreased total bilirubin concentration are the influencing factors of CHD in elderly male patients with T2DM.Age elevated, elevated hemoglobin a1c concentration, complicated with hypertension, elevated D-dimer concentration and elevated uric acid concentration are independent risk factors for CHD in elderly male patients with T2DM.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of eight constituents ，such as scopolin ， scopoletin，chlorogenic acid ，cryptochlorogenic acid ，neochlorogenic acid ，isochlorogenic acid A ，isochlorogenic acid B ，and isochlorogenic acid C ，in different medicinal parts （stems，twigs and leaves ）of Porana racemosa ，and to compare the contents of eight constituents . METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent TC-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphate acid （gradient elution ） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and the detection wavelength was set at 345 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. The contents of above constituents in stems ，twigs and leaves of P. racemosa were compared ，and the principal component analysis was carried out by Markerlynx XS software. RESULTS ：The linear range of scopolin ，scopoletin，chlorogenic acid ，cryptochlorogenic acid ， neochlorogenic acid ，isochlorogenic acid A ，isochlorogenic acid B ，and isochlorogenic acid C were 0.076 4- 7.64，0.062 8-6.28， 0.090 8-9.08，0.080 0-8.00，0.057 6-5.76，0.094 4-9.44，0.086 0-8.60，0.078 8-7.88 mg/L，respectively（all r＞0.999）. RSDs of precision，stability（24 h）and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0％. The average recoveries were 99.71％（RSD＝1.36％， n＝6），100.39％（RSD＝1.76％，n＝6），99.20％（RSD＝1.75％，n＝6），100.04％（RSD＝2.63％，n＝6），98.57％（RSD＝1.99％， n＝6），99.68％（RSD＝1.84％，n＝6），99.90％（RSD＝1.88％，n＝6），99.76％（RSD＝1.47％，n＝6），respectively. The average contents of above eight constituents were 9.725 3，1.286 5，7.271 3，1.347 6，0.997 7，0.710 9，0.656 3，0.364 7 mg/g in stems ； those were 0.690 3，0.411 7，4.394 3，0.639 6，0.531 3，1.392 7，0.989 1，1.129 2 mg/g in twigs ；those were 1.195 1，0.691 1， 27.952 9，6.173 4，1.405 1，0.549 7，0.288 8，0.794 2 mg/g in leaves ，respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that different parts of P. racemosa could be divided into 3 categories. Among them ，most of the stems ofP. racemosa gathered in the first quadrant of score plot ，all the twigs gathered in the third quadrant ， and all the leaves 分m gathered in the fourth quadrant. CONCLUSIONS ：Established method is simple and reproducible ，and can be used for the determination of 8 constituents in different medicinal parts of P. racemosa. The average contents of neochlorogenic acid ，chlorogenic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid in the leaves of P. racemosa are relatively high ；the contents of isochlorogenic acid B ，isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C in the twigs are relatively high；the average contents of scopolin and scopoletin in the stems are also relatively high.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for the content determination of 7 components，such as puerarin ， 3′-methoxypuerarin，daidzein，rutin，hesperidin，salvianolic acid A and quercetin ，in Zhengxin jiangzhi tablets ，and conduct cluster heatmap analysis. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The separation was performed on Kromasil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ formic acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm，and the column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Taking the content data as the object，the cluster heatmap was drawn by Hiplot scientific research mapping platform. RESULTS ：The linear range of puerarin ， 3′-methoxypuerarin，daidzein，rutin，hesperidin，salvianolic acid A and quercetin were 17.00-170.00（r＝0.999 9），5.14-51.40（r＝ 0.999 8），3.00-30.00（r＝0.999 8），153.00-1 530.00（r＝0.999 9），7.88-78.75（r＝0.999 8），2.85-28.50（r＝0.999 9）and 11.34-113.40 μg/mL（r＝0.999 8），respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 2％； the average recoveries were 99.58％（RSD＝0.83％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝1.17％，n＝6），100.61％（RSD＝1.08％，n＝6）， 100.05％（RSD＝0.82％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝1.38％，n＝6），100.31％（RSD＝0.85％，n＝6），99.85％（RSD＝1.01％， n＝6），respectively. The contents of above components in 10 batches of samples were 7.262 5-8.941 5，2.464 9-3.068 9，1.478 9- 1.883 4，58.632 8-79.408 3，3.569 4-4.500 6，1.077 6-1.341 5，1.139 7-5.957 0 mg/g，respectively. Results of cluster heatmap analysis showed that 10 batches of samples could be divided into 4 categories，including S 1-S3 as one category ，S4 as one category，S5-S6 as one category and S 7-S10 as one category. CONCLUSIONS ：The established method is simple ，accurate and specific，which can be used for the quality control of Zhengxin jiangzhi tablets ，combined with cluster heatmap analysis. There are some differences in the quality of different batches of samples.
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OBJECTIVE：To identify t he chemical constituents of Fengliaoxing fengshi dieda wine. METHODS ：An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Exactive- MS）technique was used for identifying chemical constituents of Fengliaoxing fengshi dieda wine. The determination was performed on Thermo Accucore aQ RP 18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid-methanol （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and the sample size was 2 μL. HESI source was adopted，ion mode was positive and negative ion mode ，nitrogen as sheath gas and auxiliary gas. The positive ion mode had spray voltage of 3.5 kV， capillary heating temperature of 350 ℃，sheath gas pressure of 35 psi，auxiliary gas pressure of 15 arb，and ion source heating temperature of 320 ℃. The negative ion mode had spray voltage of 3.2 kV，capillary heating temperature of 350 ℃， sheath gas pressure of 35 psi，auxiliary gas pressure of 15 arb，and ion source heating temperature of 300 ℃. The mass axis was calibrated by external standard method （mass error less than 5 ppm）. The scanning range of the first mass spectrometry was m/z 80.0-1 200.0 （the resolution was 70 000），the scanning range of secondary mass spectrometry was m/z 80.0-1 200.0（the resolution was 17 500），and the collision voltage was 20，40，60 eV. Retrieved from CNKI ，VIP，PubMed and other database ，the chemical constituents information of each Chinese traditional medicine in Fengliaoxing fengshi dieda wine were collected to establish chemical constituents database. The structure of the compounds was identified on the basis of above constituents database ，the relevant literature ，retention time of reference substance and MS fragmentation regularity. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ： Fifty-nine compounds were identified in Fengliaoxing fengshi dieda wine ，including 12 flavones（e.g. neoeriocitrin ，hesperidin.），8 alkaloids （e.g. baogongteng C or erycibellin ， ephedrine，pseudoephedrine）， 9 organic acids （e.g. chlorogenic acid ， cryptochlorogenic acid ，neochlorogenic acid ），7 coumarins（e.g. xanthotoxol）， 4 esters， 4 amino acids ， and 15 other categories（including volatile oils ，terpenes，amides）. UPLC- 5103YX11SF37（17）] Q-Exactive-MS technology can quickly and accurately identify the chemical constituents in Fengliaoxing fengshi dieda wine.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish an HPLC fingerprint for Fengliaoxing fengshi dieda wine ，and to determine the contents of 10 effective constituents. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Inertsil ODS- 3 C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile - 0.1％ phosphoric acid water （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 25 ℃ ，and detection wavelength was set at 210 nm（10-15 min，hydrochloride ephedrine ， hydrochloride pseudoephedrine ），300 nm（70-120 min，cinnamaldehyde），345 nm（15-70 min，neochlorogenic acid ，scopolin， chlorogenic acid ，cryptochlorogenic acid ，scopoletin，isochlorogenic acid A ，isochlorogenic acid C ）. The sample size was 10 μL. Using scopoletin peak as reference ，HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of samples were drawn. The similarity evaluation was performed by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）to confirm common peak. RESULTS：There were 18 common peaks in HPLC chromatograms of 10 batches of samples ，and the similarity was above 0.980. Totally 12 components including hydrochloride ephedrine ， hydrochloride pseudoephedrine ， neochlorogenic acid ， scopolin， chlorogenic acid ，cryptochlorogenic acid ，scopoletin，isochlorogenic acid B ，narigin，isochlorogenic acid A ，isochlorogenic acid C and cinnamaldehyde widentified. The linear range of hydrochloride ephedrine ，hydrochloride pseudoephedrine ，neochlorogenic acid， scopolin， chlorogenic acid ， cryptochlorogenic acid ， scopoletin， isochlorogenic acid A ， isochlorogenic acid C and cinnamaldehyde were 2.475-247.5，2.600-260.0，3.820-382.0，3.900-390.0，3.060-306.0，4.760-476.0，4.540-454.0，4.900-490.0， 4.540-454.0，7.590-759.0 μg/mL（r＞0.999 0）. The limits of quantitation were 0.320 0，0.350 0，0.021 4，0.024 3，0.036 8，0.025 7， 0.152 1，0.042 9，0.025 1，0.350 3 μg/mL，respectively；the limits of detection were 0.160 0，0.180 0，0.007 9，0.004 0，0.001 2， 0.007 3，0.076 0，0.001 4，0.008 1，0.201 4 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2％. The recoveries were 95.03％-106.85％（RSD were 0.67％-2.68％，n＝6）．The contents were 0.013 3- 0.214 1 mg/mL. CONCLUSIONS：Established fingerprint is stable ，accurate and specific ，and can be used for quality control of Fengliaoxing fengshi dieda wine ；the content determination method is rapid ，accurate and reliable ，and can be used for simultaneous determination of 10 components.
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Objective:To explore the technical advantages of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with single breath holding high parallel acquisition factor 3-D variable flip angle fast spin echo (3D-SPACE) sequence.Methods:From November 2018 to March 2019, 75 patients who underwent MRCP examination in our hospital were prospectively enrolled, with single breath holding high parallel acquisition factor 3D-SPACE sequence and free breathing navigation gated 3D-SPACE sequence. Three experienced radiologists scored the overall image quality, artifacts, CBD visibility, left and right hepatic ducts, right anterior and posterior branches, second and third branches, main pancreatic duct and gallbladder duct with four scales. Paired t test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The scanning time of single breath holding method (18 s) was significantly shorter than that of free breathing diaphragm navigation method［264（226，313）s］, and the difference between the two methods was statistically significant ( Z=-7.520， P<0.001). The SNR, CR and CNR (8.31±4.23, 0.92±0.30, 11.46±5.77) of single breath holding method were lower than those of free breathing diaphragm navigation method (11.23±5.70, 0.93±0.38, 15.06±7.37), and the differences between the two methods were also statistically significant ( t=4.378, 3.429, 4.063, P<0.05). The overall image quality, artifact, the CBD, left and right hepatic duct, right anterior and posterior branchs, the second and third branches, main pancreatic duct and cystic duct of single breath holding method were higher than those of free breathing diaphragm navigation method, and the differences between the two methods were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Compared with the free breathing diaphragm navigation gated 3D-SPACE MRCP imaging method, the single breath holding high parallel acquisition factor 3D-SPACE MRCP imaging method has less artifacts and examination time, but higher visibility to pancreaticobiliary tree and work efficiency, which is worthy of further promotion.
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Objective:Toanalyze the clinical features of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) when complicated with pulmonary infection.Methods:Clinical data ofconsecutive IIM patients admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were collected. Patients were divided into two groups: pure IIM-ILD and IIM-ILD with pulmonary infection, and the difference in clinical manifestations and lab test results was compared. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive diagnostic value of T lymphocytes. The data was analyzed by the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results:Totally 153 patients were included, in which 51 cases were complicated with pulmonary infection. The incidence of myalgia, rash, cough/expectoration and fever and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were increased in the infection group, while the number of lymphocytes was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that myalgia, cough/expectoration, serum LDH level >350 U/L and peripheral blood lymphocyte count <0.9×10 9/L were independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in IIM-ILD patients (ORvalues 4.31, 3.81, 2.70 and 2.44, respectively, P<0.05) . Meanwhile, the number of natural killer cells as well as CD3 +, CD3 +CD4 +, CD3 +CD8 + T cells in the infection group was significantly lower than that in the pure IIM-ILD group ( Z values -2.28, -3.094, -2.918, and -2.308, respectively, P<0.05). ROC curve showed that CD3 + T cells combined with CRP improved the diagnostic sensitivity of pulmonary infection in IIM-ILD. Conclusion:IIM-ILD patients are more likely to have myalgia,cough/expectoration as well as increased LDH level when complicated with infection. The decrease in peripheral T lymphocyte numbers may indicate an increased risk of pulmonary infection in these patients.
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Acute pain is a common complication after injury of a peripheral nerve but the underlying mechanism is obscure. We established a model of acute neuropathic pain via pulling a pre-implanted suture loop to transect a peripheral nerve in awake rats. The tibial (both muscular and cutaneous), gastrocnemius-soleus (muscular only), and sural nerves (cutaneous only) were each transected. Transection of the tibial and gastrocnemius-soleus nerves, but not the sural nerve immediately evoked spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia in the skin territories innervated by the adjacent intact nerves. Evans blue extravasation and cutaneous temperature of the intact skin territory were also significantly increased. In vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed that injury of a muscular nerve induced mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous activity in the nociceptive C-neurons in adjacent intact nerves. Our results indicate that injury of a muscular nerve, but not a cutaneous nerve, drives acute neuropathic pain.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish the fingerprint of Mahai zhitan capsule， to determine the contents of main components， and to provide scientific basis for the stability and quality control of the preparation technology. METHODS： The determination was performed on Inertsil ODS-3 column with acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid as mobile phase （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm （0-23 min and 31-120 min） and 230 nm （23-31 min）. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. HPLC fingerprint for 10 batches of Mahai zhitan capsule was established by using “similarity evaluation software for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional chinese medicine” （2012 edition） and the similarity was evaluated. The chromatographic peaks were assigned and identified with reference substance， negative samples without ingredient and substance control respectively， and the identified main components were quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS： The similarity of 10 batches of sample was more than 0.99； 20 common peaks were found， and 10 common peaks were identified. Among them， No. 1，13，14，15，16，17，18，19，20 chromatographic peaks originated from Rheum palmatum； No. 3，4，6，7 chromatographic peaks originated from processed Strychnos nuxvomica； No. 8 chromatographic peaks originated from Angelica sinensis； the corresponding source of medicinal materials was not found in No. 2，5，9，10，11，12 chromatographic peaks. By comparing the reference substances， No. 1，4，6，7，8，16，17，18，19 and 20 chromatographic peaks were identified as gallic acid， loganin acid， strychnine， brucine， ferulic acid， aloe-emodin， rhein， emodin， chrysophanol and emodin methyl ether， respectively. In the determination of identified five main components （loganin， strychnine， brucine， emodin and chrysophanol）， the methodological investigation met the relevant standards. In 10 batches of samples， the contents of loganin， strychnine， brucine， emodin and chrysophanol were 2.477 1-2.785 9， 1.746 1-1.946 0， 1.374 6-1.505 8， 1.573 2-1.824 1 and 0.232 1-0.261 7 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS： The established method is reliable， accurate， stable and simple， which could provide reference for the preparation technology and quality control of Mahai zhitan capsule.
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In addition to restoration of bladder, bowel, and motor functions, alleviating the accompanying debilitating pain is equally important for improving the quality of life of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Currently, however, the treatment of chronic pain after SCI remains a largely unmet need. Electrical spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used to manage a variety of chronic pain conditions that are refractory to pharmacotherapy. Yet, its efficacy, benefit profiles, and mechanisms of action in SCI pain remain elusive, due to limited research, methodological weaknesses in previous clinical studies, and a lack of mechanistic exploration of SCS for SCI pain control. We aim to review recent studies and outline the therapeutic potential of different SCS paradigms for traumatic SCI pain. We begin with an overview of its manifestations, classification, potential underlying etiology, and current challenges for its treatment. The clinical evidence for using SCS in SCI pain is then reviewed. Finally, future perspectives of pre-clinical research and clinical study of SCS for SCI pain treatment are discussed.
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Animales , Humanos , Dolor Crónico , Dolor , Manejo del Dolor , Métodos , Calidad de Vida , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Estimulación de la Médula Espinal , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This article systematically reviewed the clinical research of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) in the treatment of refractory wounds. The results showed that TCM combined with VSD for refractory wounds was characterized by abundent treatment and effectiveness. Treatments such as oral administration of TCM decoction, injection and lavage administration of TCM decoction, and external application of TCM ointment can reduce the level of inflammation in the wound, improve local microcirculation, promote granulation tissue growth and wound healing, and improve clinical efficacy. This paper summarized the clinical researches on the treatment of refractory wounds by TCM and VSD, and provide a useful reference for clinical treatment of refractory wounds.
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PURPOSE: Tumor xenograft model is an indispensable animal cancer model. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) research, orthotopic tumor xenograft model establishes tumor xenograft in the animal esophagus, which allows the study of tumorigenesis in its native microenvironment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study,we described two simple and reproducible methods to develop tumor xenograft at the cervical or the abdominal esophagus in nude mice by direct injection of ESCC cells in the esophageal wall. RESULTS: In comparing these two methods, the cervical one presented with more clinically relevant features, i.e., esophageal stricture, body weight loss and poor survival. In addition, the derived tumor xenografts accompanied a rapid growth rate and a high tendency to invade into the surrounding structures. This model was subsequently used to study the anti-tumor effect of curcumin, which is known for its potential therapeutic effects in various diseases including cancers, and its analogue SSC-5. SSC-5 was selected among the eight newly synthesized curcumin analogues based on its superior anti-tumor effect demonstrated in an MTT cell proliferation assay and its effects on apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in cultured ESCC cells. Treatment of orthotopic tumor-bearing mice with SSC-5 resulted in an inhibition in tumor growth and invasion. CONCLUSION: Taken together, we have established a clinically relevant orthotopic tumor xenograft model that can serve as a preclinical tool for screening new anti-tumor compounds, e.g., SSC-5, in ESCC.
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Animales , Ratones , Apoptosis , Peso Corporal , Carcinogénesis , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Puntos de Control del Ciclo Celular , Proliferación Celular , Curcumina , Células Epiteliales , Estenosis Esofágica , Esófago , Xenoinjertos , Tamizaje Masivo , Ratones Desnudos , Usos TerapéuticosRESUMEN
Objective The aim of this study is to explore the hypoglycemic effect of active components of Anoectochilus roxburghii on zebrafish models. Methods Anoectochilus roxburghii components were extracted and separated into three groups: the alcohol extraction group, macromolecular polysaccharide group (≥ 5 ×103) and small molecular polysaccharide group (＜5×103). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 2% glucose solution (2% Glu) at 24 h to imitate acute hyperglycemia phenotype, and then treated with the three Anoectochilus roxburghii components. Based on this high-glucose model, the zebrafish embryos at 72 h were collected to detect the whole tissue glucose value. Furthermore, semi-quantitative PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization were performed to detect the expression of mRNA levels of glycometabolism-related genes. Results An acute diabetic zebrafish model was induced by high glucose stress. In this model, some key factors during glycometabolism such as insulin, pck-1 and pdx-1 were significantly affected, while the alcohol extracts of Anoectochilus roxburghii obviously reversed these abnormalities induced by high glucose stress, even to normal levels. Conclusions The alcohol extracts of Anoectochilus roxburghii has obvious hypoglycemic effect on diabetic zebrafish model. Our result suggest that Anoectochilus roxburghii has a potential application in the hypoglycemic drug screening.