Effect of Sanshi Shengxin Ointment on healing of pressure ulcers in rats based on PD K/Akt signal axis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Sanshi Shengxin Ointment on the healing of pressure wounds in rats and its mechanism. Methods The experimental animals were divided into sham operation group (Sham), model group (Model), Bei Fuxin group (bFGF), Sanshi Shengxin ointment group (TM), and Sanshi Shengxin ointmen + PI3K blocker group (TM + LY294002). The pressure ulcer rat model was prepared by the local tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury method. The wound healing rate of rats in each group was observed on 3rd, 7th, and 14th day. On 3rd day of the dressing change, the pathological changes of the wound, the plasma VEGF content, and the expression of VEGF and PI3 K/Akt signal-related proteins in the wound skin tissue were detected. Results Compared with sham group, the wound healing rate of rats in model group was reduced (P < 0. 01) with severe wound injury. The plasma VEGF content decreased (P <0. 01), and the expression of VEGF, p-PI3K, and p-Akt decreased too (P <0. 01). Compared with model group, the wound healing rate and VEGF content of rats in TM group increased (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), the wound injury was significantly improved, and the expression of VEGF, p-PI3K, and p-Akt increased (P <0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Compared with TM group, the wound healing rate and the content of VEGF decreased in TM + LY294002 rats (P <0. 01), the wound injury was aggravated, and the expressions of tissue VEGF, P-PI3K, and p-Akt decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusions Sanshi Shengxin Ointment can up-regulate the expression of VEGF through PI3K/Akt signal and promote the healing of pressure sore in rats.

Research on Natural Boundary of Traditional Geo-authentic Origin of Ligusticum chuanxiong via Soil Elements Characteristics Along Same Longitude / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To find the natural environmental boundary of the origin of the authentic Ligusticum chuanxiong by analyzing the distribution characteristics of soil elements in the traditional geo-authentic area and the southern continuous expanding areas along the same longitude. Method:The contents of 24 elements both in soil and plant L. chuanxiong samples were determined by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF） and ICP-MS，etc. Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlations of rhizosphere soil and each portion of L. chuanxiong，to screen out “characteristic elements”. Bray-Curtis similarity indexes based on all elements and "characteristic elements" were used for hierarchical cluster analysis of soil samples, to identify the sample range with similar soil element charateristics to the traditional geo-authentic area of L. chuanxiong. Result:K，Mg，Mn and Rb elements were significantly correlated in rhizosphere soil and plant L. chuanxiong. Geographical differentiation of all elements and four characteristic elements showed that there was a highest similarity between geo-authentic area and its neighbor plots S1-S6 (except plot S4) in soil elements distribution, followed by plots S14-S16. The middle section plots S7-S13 in the expansion areas were quite different from the traditional geo-authentic production areas. Conclusion:The soil element characteristics in the study areas were not completely controlled by geographical distance，but demonstrated the "fault" variation in the areas along longitude. This study provides a theoretical basis for the detrrmination of suitable cultivation area for Ligusticum Chuanxiong, and the natural boundary of its geo-authentic area may be extended an additional 60 km southward along longitude beyond the traditional origin. Additionally， K，Mg，Mn and Rb characteristic elements may be the potential markers to evaluate the suitable soil environment for cultivating L. chuanxiong.

Current status of mild hypothermia therapy for cardiac dysfunction with sepsis / 解放军医学杂志

Cardiac dysfunction (CD) combined with sepsis leads to increase in mortality in intensive care unit (ICU). Currently, the clinical treatment of CD with sepsis is the combination of delaying heart failure and anti-sepsis therapeutics. Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) may decrease the body temperature to 32-35 ℃, improve symptom and decrease mortality in patients with CD and animal with sepsis. MTH has been used in animal models of heart failure and sepsis with pronounced outcomes and reduced mortality. However, it remains controversial if MTH can be used in treating patients with CD and sepsis due to its side effects, although the effectiveness of MTH on CD and sepsis has been testified. The present article reviews the application of MTH on animal researches, clinical use for treatment of patients with CD and sepsis, the effect and possible mechanisms of temperature on heart and sepsis, as well as the effect of MTH onto other organs and coagulation function.

Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of the control strategy for imported malaria. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018 were retrieved from the Notifiable Disease Reporting System and Parasitic Disease Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the classification, origin of infections, temporal distribution, spatial distribution, population distribution, reporting institutions and diagnosis were analyzed. Results A total of 540 overseas imported malaria cases were reported in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018, and all cases were laboratory-confirmed, including 398 cases with falciparum malaria, 88 cases with vivax malaria, 38 cases with ovale malaria, 14 cases with malariae malaria and 2 cases with mixed infections. There were 90.56% (489/540) of the imported malaria cases with infections in 27 African countries, 5.92% (32/540) with infections in 5 Asian countries and 3.52% (19/540) with infections in one Oceania country. There was no significant seasonal distribution of the cases, and the imported malaria cases were predominantly detected in Fuzhou City (80.00%, 432/540) and at ages of 20 to 49 years (81.48%, 440/540). Initial diagnosis was predominantly at the city-level medical institutions, and 77.96% (421/540) were diagnosed as malaria at the initial diagnosis institutions. The median duration from onset to initial diagnosis was 2 days and 70.19% (379/540) were diagnosed within 3 days of onset. The interval between initial diagnosis and definitive diagnosis was 0 day, with 85.37% (461/540) definitively diagnosed within 3 days of initial diagnosis. Conclusions Overseas imported malaria is a continuous problem challenging the malaria elimination programme of Fujian Province. Improving the healthcare-seeking awareness and the diagnostic capability of healthcare workers, and intensifying the monitoring and management of malaria among overseas labors are strongly recommended.

Microecology and geoherbalism of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Microecology was directly or indirectly involved in the growth and development, metabolism process, and component accumulation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in various ways, which affected the formation and changes of the geoherbalism of TCM. It was one of the main tasks of traditional Chinese medical microecology(TCMM) to reveal the relationship among microecological structure and its change rule and the quality effect of TCM. The heterogeneity of soil environment caused by geographical and climatic factors, as well as the discreteness limitation caused by isolation factors such as distance and host selection, were the main causes of the differentiation of microecological geography of TCM. The microecology of TCM had important influences and contributions on the distinctive origin and quality of Dao-di herbs, which was mainly reflected in the formation of excellent germplasm(including disease and insect resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, cold resistance, etc.), the increase of yield, the formation of medicinal parts, the metabolism and accumulation of effective components, the time limit of harvesting, and the toxicity, increasing efficiency or reducing toxicity of TCM in the processing, the changes of product efficiency after introduction, and the authenticity of fungus medicine. With the vigorous development of metabonomics and modern information technology, the following aspects would become the future research trends, including the microecologically mediated biogenic pathway of chemical components, the metabolic synthesis reactor of TCM based on the microecological quantitative effect relationship, the cultivation of genuine Chinese medicine based on reconstruction of microecological structure, the origin identification barcode traceability technology, and the toxicity reduction and efficiency enhancement technology of TCM based on the microecological.

Establishment and application effect of fall prevention and control information system in elderly community / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate establishing, applying and evaluating the fall prevention and control information system in elderly community.@*METHODS@#Relying on internet technology and informatization means, the fall comprehensive prevention and control strategy of elderly was guided into online from offline. The fall prevention and control information system which was a collection of risk assessment, remote education and feedback was established. One hundred and twenty-six elderly (over 60 years old) in community were screened in this study and 84 high-risk elders who were involved in the remote continuous comprehensive intervention were screened out. Intervening measures included distributing propaganda album, making mission slides and video used to play with the interpretation remotely. Then fall related situation before and after intervention was analyzed and the effectiveness of system evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After remote intervention, the fall incidence of high-risk group decreased from 21.43% to 4.76%(<0.01). The body balance and gait stability improved clearly(<0. 01). The rate of taking proper prevention and control behavior significantly improved(<0.01). They believed in themselves not to fall down with more confidence when taking complex behaviors(<0.01). The security of environment at home significantly enhanced(<0. 01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Fall prevention and control information system in elderly community was innovative and convenient. The system could roundly assess the status related to fall and accurately screen out high-risk group. The system could implement the remote continuous comprehensive intervention so that the incident of fall was decrease. In conclusion, the system is stable and effective, can be further popularization and application as a successful pilot.

Research and prospect of Traditional Chinese Medical Microecology / 中国中药杂志

In the long-term evolution, microbes and hosts coexist widely, forming a symbiotic microecosystem and resulting the complex interactions of the metabolism. With the application of microecological theory in Chinese materia medica science, two main points have been accepted gradually. On the one hand, the prevention and treatment of human diseases by traditional Chinese medicines can be achieved through the correction and adjustment of the imbalance of the human microecosystem. On the other hand, the microecosystem can regulate the quality of traditional Chinese medicines in real time, and further affect their curative effect. Thus, a new discipline, Traditional Chinese Medical Microecology, has been gradually established. In this review, the background, theoretical structure, research directions, key problems and the relationship with human microecology of Traditional Chinese Medical Microecology were systematically summarized and prospected for promoting its development. Moreover, this review provides a reference protocol for further discoursing the microecological mechanism involving the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines.

Clinical effect evaluation of palatal free gingival flaps restoration applied to anterior maxillary gingival defect after epulis resection / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of palatal free gingiva in anterior maxillary defect restoration after epulis resection. @*Methods@# 22 cases were included in this study. Palatal free gingival flap was prepared to restore anterior maxillary defect after epulis resection. Clinical effect was evaluated according to gingival margin, gingival papilla index and modified sulcus bleeding index. @*Results @#Satisfactory clinical effect was achieved in all 22 cases, with adequate height, thickness, fullness and texture. @*Conclusin @#Palatal free gingival flap was clinically effective in anterior maxillary defect treatment after epulis resection, with satisfactory aesthetic clinical effect.

Postoperative gait analysis of acute posterolateral rotatory dislocation of knee joint and its guiding significance / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The evaluation for posterolateral rotatory dislocation of knee joint often relys on traditional imaging techniques to obtain static anatomical information; meanwhile, the knee function was assessed by Lysholm and the International Knee Documentation Committee scores. However, none can quantitatively evaluate the kinematic characteristics, let alone providing guidance for postoperative rehabilitation.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the gait characters of the patients with acute posterolateral rotatory dislocation of knee joint and to dynamically evaluate the postoperative kinematic parameters and displacement indicators, thereby providing guidance for rehabilitation.METHODS: Twelve patients with acute knee posterolateral rotatory dislocation were admitted in the West China Hospital,Sichuan University between January 2011 and December 2014, and all patients underwent one-stage reconstruction or repair of ligaments under arthroscopy, followed by routine rehabilitation training. Opti-Knee? analysis system was used to collect 6 degrees of freedom (movement angle and displacement) of the ipsilateral (injury group) and contralateral knee joints (normal group), the change levels were calculated, and were then compared between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no significant difference in the maximum varus/valgus angles and maximum intersion/extorsion angles (P > 0.05). While, the minimum flexion angle, maximum flexion angle, as well as the change level of flexion/extension angles, varus/valgus angles and maximum intersion/extorsion angles in the injury group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the maximum forward, inward and outward displacement as well as the change levels of inward/outward displacement between two groups (P > 0.05). The maximum backward, and downward displacement as well as the change levels of forward/backward displacement in the injury group were significantly higher than those in the normal group; while the maximum upward displacement and the change levels of upward/downward displacement in the injury group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). (3) These results suggest that the arthroscopy-assisted one-stage treatment of the acute posterolateral rotatory dislocation of the knee joint can remarkably restore the gait.Opti-Knee? analysis system can provide objective information of motion parameters, and the change in the degree of freedom provides guidance for clinical rehabilitation.

The impact of Spry1 on adipocyte differentiation / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effect of Spry1 on adipocyte differentiation from ST2 cells by using siRNA. Methods Synthesized siRNA targeting Spry1 was used as experimental group, and control siRNA was used as control group. Spry1 siRNA and control siRNA were transfected into ST2 cells, then treating with adipogenic medium to induce adipocyte differentiation. The mRNA expression levels of Spry1 and adipocyte differentiation-specific genes PPARγ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), C/EBP α (CCAAT enhancer binding protein α), FABP4 (adipocyte marker gene fatty acid binding protein 4) and adipsin were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. The mature adipocytes were stained with oil red O, the staining adipocytes were observed by microscope, then understanding the effect of Spry 1 siRNA on adipocyte differentiation. In addition, oil red O of the staining adipocytes was extracted with isopropanol, optical density (OD) values of oil red O were measured at a wavelength of 520 nm. Results Spry1 siRNA was transfected into ST2 cells. Compared with control group, the mRNA expression level of Spry1 was significantly reduced. The number of differentiated adipocytes from ST2 cells was decreased after staining with oil red O. And the OD value was lower than that of control group. The mRNA expression levels of adipocyte differentiation-specific genes PPARγ, C/EBP α, FABP4 and adipsin were significantly reduced compared with those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Spry1 siRNA can effectively suppresse adipogenic differentiation from progenitor cells.

DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants (Ⅰ) .Breeding research of disease-resistant cultivars of Panax notoginseng / 中国中药杂志

The study is aimed to estimate the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the main producing areas of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Diversity of AMF was surveyed directly on spores isolated from the field soil, collected from 20 sites of 8 provinces. Identification of the AMF was made by observation of spore morphology. At least 27 recognized AMF species were identified in samples from field soil, belonging to seven genera of AMF-Acaulospora, Glomus, Funneliformis, Ambispora, Rhizophagus, Pacispora, and Claroideoglomus. Acaulospora and Glomus were the dominant genera, respectively including nine and eight species. A. laevis (90%), R.manihotis (80%), A. brieticulata (75%), A. tuberculata (70%) were the dominant species.Colonization rate was determined,colonization was easily found, but the colonization intensities were low, the colonization rate remained at 10.92%-25.93%. The similarity between provinces is generally low, and the similarity coefficients were from 0.20 to 0.57.

Correlation analysis between effectiveness of element in rhizonsphere soil and quality of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) / 中国中药杂志

In order to investigate the content and distribution of available element in the rhizonsphere soil of the growing areas of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, the contents of available element (N,P,K,B,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn) in 26 soil samples were tested and evaluated. The results showed that the contents of available P and Fe were very plentiful, available K, Cu and Zn were rich, available N and Mn were deficient, available B was extremely deficient in all growing areas of S. miltiorrhiza of eight provinces in China. The correlation analysis showed that the contents of eight kinds of available elements were varying degree correlation. The stepwise regression analysis between the contents of available elements of rhizonsphere soil and ten kinds of active ingredients of Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) were researched. The results showed that the rates of contribution of available N,B,Mn and Fe to quality of Danshen were relatively large and they were the significant factors, and the other factors did not show statistical significance. The recommended fertilizing strategies is that the usage of N,B and Mn fertilizers should be controlled according to different stages of growth of S. miltiorrhiza, and P fertilizer should be reduced in all growing areas of S. miltiorrhiza.

A novel method for testing sterility of injections based on biothermodynamics / 药学学报

This study aims at trying to establish a novel method of sterility test for injections based on biothermodynamics, in order to overcome the deficiencies of routine sterility tests such as long detecting cycle, low sensitivity and prone to misjudgments. A biothermodynamics method was adopted to rapidly detect the microorganism contamination of injections by monitoring the heat metabolism during the growth of microbe. The growth rate equal to or greater than zero and the heat power difference of P(i) and P(0) with three folds higher than the noise of baseline were chosen as indexes to study the heat change rule of microbe. In this way, the effectiveness of the new method to detect strains required by conventional sterility test or in injection samples was also investigated. Results showed that the Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi demanded by sterility testing methodology could be detected by biothermodynamics method within 10 hours, with the sensitivity lower than 100 CFU x mL(-1). Meanwhile, this method was successfully applied to the sterility test of Compound Yinchen injection (FFYC), Shuanghuanglian powder injection (SHL) and Compound Triamcinolone injection (TAND) which were sterilized with different degrees. Therefore, the biothermodynamics method, with advantages of fast detection and high sensitivity, could be a complementary solution for conventional sterility tests.

Analysis of endophytic fungi community of Ligusticum chuanxiong using PCR-DGGE / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the diversity of endophytic fungal communities among Ligusticum chuanxiong growing at 5 areas in Sichuan province, and illuminate the developing mechanism of geoherbs from the microecological perspective.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The PCR-DGGE and DNA sequencing techniques were used to analyze the endophytic fungi community of L. chuanxiong.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The community of endophytic fungi present difference among different growing areas. Though minor difference were found among individuals at the same area, similarity among individuals from the same growing areas were higher significantly than those from different growing areas. Compared with the other 4 growing areas, L. chuanxiong from Shiyang town, Dujiangyan city had more abundant endophytic fungi and low similarity to others, and which probably had special types of fungi.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abundant and stable endophytic fungal community is an important factor for the development of geoherb L. chuanxiong at Shiyang town, Dujiangyan city.</p>

Investigation on the space structure of plague natural foci in the Sanjiangyuan area in Qinghai Province / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the space structure of plague natural foci in the area of Lantsang, Yellow and Yangtse River in Qinghai Province to provide references for making decisions to eontrol the occurrence of human plague. Methods Data was collected from the survey on natural foci and surveillance of plague from 1954 to 2006 and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results Marmata hirnalayana and Microtus fuscua natural foci were known in Sanjiangyuan area. Callopsylla dolabris, Oropsylla silantiewi, Citellophilus sparsilis and Amphipsylla tuta were vectors; Microtus fuscus plague natural foci was in a range of about 9500 km2, distributing in Zhenqin Town, Chengduo County. Marmata himalayana plague natural foci distributed over 13 countries, a range nearly 107 000 km2. By the end of 2006, 450 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected and separated from 6 kinds of rodents, 6 kinds of carnivora, 3 kinds of artiodactyls and 9 insects vectors. Between 1960 and 2006, 238 cases and 134 deaths from plague were reported. Most human plague cases occurred in the months from May to November and usually presented as one of three primary forms-bubonic 17.23%(41/238), septicemic 16.81% (40/238), pneumonic 61.34% (146/238) and other types 4.62% (11/238). However, the first epidemic plague case was mainly the glandular plague. Conclusions Date suggested that plague is still a critical public health problem in Sanjiangyuan area, against which countermaeasure needs to be strengthened in the main epidemic areas. More scientific researches on plague should be carried out. Surveillance networks of reporting suspected plague have been established and reduce the number of human plague cases.

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Ligusticum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between entophytic fungal community, habitations and varieties of Ligusticum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The solidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) of plates was applied for the isolation of the endophytic fungi, and the identification was completed by spot-planting method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fifty strains of the entophytic fungi were isolated from the rhizome of L. chuanxiong collected from 6 habitations. They were morphologically identified as belonging to 13 genera, 4 families, 3 orders and 1 class.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were some differences at quantity, species and distributing of the entophytic fungi in different habitats and varieties of Ligusticum, which was suggested that entophytic fungal community is related with specific habitat.</p>

Effect of naloxone on aluminum-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.

BACKGROUND: Uptake of aluminum may disturb the learning and memory of humans or animals. Naloxone (NAL) has been shown to exert beneficial effects on memory deficits. AIMS: We investigated the effects of naloxone on aluminum-induced learning and memory impairment in rats. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Aluminum-induced learning and memory impairment model was established by gavage of Aluminum chloride (600 mg/kg) for 3 months. Rats were divided into three groups viz. naloxone-treated rats (NAL 0.8 mg/kg, i.p. daily for 7 days), non-treated model rats and normal controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Morris water maze test was performed to study spatial learning and memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse was recorded. Aluminum and zinc contents in the hippocampus were assayed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Parameters of the hidden and visible platform trials and data of LTP were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: In the hidden platform trials, escape latencies of the NAL rats were significantly shorter than that of the non-treated rats (P=0.000, 95% confidential interval low bound 14.31, upper bound 22.68). In probe trails, the number of entries in the target area of the NAL rats (6.75+/-1.28 times/min) was more than that of non-treated model rats (4.56+/-2.16 times/min, P=0.004, 95% confidence interval low bound -3.65, upper bound -0.788). The magnitudes of LTP recorded in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of the NAL-treated rats were significantly augmented when compared to the non-treated model rats (P=0.005, 95% confidence interval low bound 0.16, upper bound 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: NAL could facilitate spatial learning and memory and enhance LTP in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in aluminum-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.