Research Progress on Complex Kinship Analysis / 法医学杂志

Complex kinship analysis refers to a kind of special kinship analysis taken for the purpose of personal identification or other issues in civil or criminal cases because the father or （and） mother is dead, or cannot participate in the analysis for other reasons. Due to the absence of significant appraised persons in this kind of kinship analysis, grandparents, siblings or collateral relatives are required to participate in the analysis. Complex kinship analysis is widely used and the demand is increasing year by year. This paper analyzes the main types of complex kinships, the genetic markers of complex kinship analysis and their advantages and disadvantages and the calculation methods for complex kinship analysis by referring to the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years. At the same time, the shortcomings of the present research on complex kinship and its future development are prospected.

Effect of Benzidine Test on DNA Analysis of Bloodstain / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of benzidine test and related reagents on DNA analysis of bloodstain. Methods A total of 970 bloodstain filter paper samples with 1μL venous blood were collected, and 10 of them acted as control samples. After benzidine test and related reagent processing, DNA of 960 samples was extracted by Chelex-100 and silica bead methods and then multiplex amplified by AmpF(e)STRTM IdentifilerTM Plus PCR kits. The results of STR typing were compared between different groups. Results DNA were extracted immediately after benzidine test. Totally STR loci (3.80±1.34) were detected by silica bead method, while no STR loci were obtained by Chelex-100 method. Thirteen sam-ples (21.7％) with whole STR typing results were obtained by drying after benzidine test, and the STR locus number (12.90±1.49) which obtained by silica bead method was much higher than by Chelex-100 method (4.70±1.96) (P<0.05). When DNA was extracted immediately after the addition of glacial acetic acid, the STR locus number was (9.40±2.09) by silica bead method, but no STR typing result was obtained by Chelex-100 method. All 15 STR loci could be obtained by only adding glacial acetic acid after drying and only adding tetramethylbenzidine alcoholization liquid or 3％ hydrogen peroxide liquid. Conclusion Benzidine test has significant influence on DNA analysis of bloodstain. The Chelex-100 method is not suitable for the DNA extraction of bloodstain after benzidine test. Drying after benzidine test and silica bead methods can effectively enhance the STR locus number of bloodstain.

Species Identification Based on Morphological Variability of Femur / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the morphological characteristics of femurs of adult human and 11 kinds of adult animals from cattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, geese, ducks, chickens, and to establish an effective species identification method among various species.@*METHODS@#The 4 cm mid-diaphyseal segment of the femur from adult human (older than 20 years old) at autopsy was obtained. Addi-tionally, the 4 cm ones from 11 kinds of adult animals were obtained. After decalcification, all femurs were made into slices, and then were observed by optical microscope. The 25 indexes were selected and analyzed by step discriminant analysis according to differences between human and mammal, human and poultry, and human and 11 kinds of animals.@*RESULTS@#The histological structure of bone mineral density of middle part of femur had obvious characteristics among the species. And the morphology and number of osteon showed the trend of obvious biological evolution. There were 11 indexes with significant differences between human and 11 kinds of animals to establish some mathematical models to discriminate all species. The correct discrimination rate was 96.3% between human and mammal. The correct discrimination rate was up to 100% between human and poultry, and was 89.4% among human, mammal and poultry.@*CONCLUSION@#The mathematical models have good correct discrimination rate among human and the other animals, which could be applied in the practical species identification cases.

Influences of cycle index and volume on sensitivity of DNA detection / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility of improving the sensitivity of DNA detection by increasing the PCR cycle index and decreasing the volume of amplifying system.@*METHODS@#The DNA of semen were collected from 10 healthy irrelevant volunteers, and were quantified to 50, 40, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 pg/microL, separately. All samples were then amplified in 10, 5, 3 microL volume and at 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 cycles, respectively. 3130 genetic analyzer was used to detect 15 autosomal STR loci.@*RESULTS@#Under the situation of 28 cycles and 3 microL volume, samples which achieved > 40 pg/microL could be correctly typed. Under the situation of 10, 5, 3 microL volume, samples which achieved > 20 pg/microL could be correctly typed at 34 cycles. When increasing the index to 36 cycles, they could not be correctly typed because of the non-specific band.@*CONCLUSION@#DNA detecting sensitivity can be improved to a certain extent by increasing the cycle index and decreasing the volume of amplifying system.

Value of radiographic esophageal imaging in determining an optimal atrial septal puncture site for percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

To investigate the value of radiographic esophageal imaging in facilitating transseptal catheterization in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. A total of 468 patients were randomized into either the study group [n = 234], in which radiographic esophageal imaging by the oral administration of a contrast media took place, or the control group [n = 234], in which the Ross technique was used. Of the 468 patients, 203 were males and 265 were females. The average ages of the study and control groups were 53 +/- 16 and 51 +/- 17 years, respectively. The patients had severe left atrial enlargement as measured using 2-dimensional echocardiography. In the study group, the left atrial impression on the esophagus was clearly seen, and was used to identify the puncture site on the right atrial side for the passage of the transseptal catheter. In the control group, the left atrial silhouette was not clearly shown by fluoroscopy in 112 patients [47.5%]. The success rate of transseptal catheterization in the study group was higher than in the control group [99.6 vs. 45.7%, p = 0.0001]. There were no complications in the study group, but pericardial tamponade occurred in 1 patient in the control group. Radiographic esophageal imaging facilitates the identification of an optimal atrial transseptal puncture site, and improves the success rate of transseptal catheterization in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Comparative research of the influence factors of DNA extraction of bloodstain on the filter paper with Chelex-100 method / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To improve DNA extraction from bloodstain on the filter paper and to establish a rapid, simple, and cost-effective method for DNA extraction suitable for database construction.@*METHODS@#Seven hundred and fifty two aged bloodstains on filter paper were randomly divided into four groups. The four different DNA extraction methods were compared with each other, and two DNA extraction methods used for 63 fresh bloodstains on filter paper were also compared with each other.@*RESULTS@#There were no statistically significant differences observed among the four DNA extraction methods (P > 0.05) for aged bloodstains on filter paper; But the difference between the two DNA extraction methods for fresh bloodstains on filter paper was obviously (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Extraction of DNA samples from aged bloodstains on filter paper can be accomplished by using Chlex-100 methodology directly with no need to wash the bloodstains.