The role and regulatory mechanism of tissue and organ crosstalk on skeletal muscle development: a review / 生物工程学报

Skeletal muscle is one of the most important organs in animal, and the regulatory mechanism of skeletal muscle development is of great importance for the diagnosis of muscle-related diseases and the improvement of meat quality of livestock. The regulation of skeletal muscle development is a complex process, which is regulated by a large number of muscle secretory factors and signaling pathways. In addition, in order to maintain steady-state and maximum use of energy metabolism in the body, the body coordinates multiple tissues and organs to form the complex and sophisticated metabolic regulation network, which plays an important role for the regulation of skeletal muscle development. With the development of omics technologies, the underlying mechanism of tissue and organ communication has been deeply studied. This paper reviews the effects of crosstalk among adipose tissue, nerve tissue and intestinal tissue on skeletal muscle development, with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for targeted regulation of skeletal muscle development.

Recompensation of liver cirrhosis： Current status and challenges / 临床肝胆病杂志

‍Traditionally， the progression from compensated liver cirrhosis to decompensated liver cirrhosis has been considered an irreversible point in the natural history of the disease； however， with the suppression of underlying etiology， cure， and disease regression， this view is challenged by an increasing number of new evidence， and the idea of “recompensation of liver cirrhosis” is gradually being accepted. In recent years， scholars in China and globally have been exploring the specific definition of recompensation of liver cirrhosis and the clinical features of patients. By summarizing the recent studies on recompensation of liver cirrhosis in China and globally， integrating existing views， and analyzing related research evidence， this article points out the main challenges in the field of recompensation at this stage， including the lack of in－depth clinical and basic research， the need to define recompensation in the context of NAFLD， and related ethical issues， in order to provide new directions for future research in this field.

Physiological regulation of salicylic acid on Helianthus tubeuosus upon copper stress and root FTIR analysis / 生物工程学报

Phytoremediation plays an important role in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil. In order to elucidate the mechanism of salicylic acid (SA) on copper absorption, seedlings from Xuzhou (with strong Cu-tolerance) and Weifang Helianthus tuberosus cultivars (with weak Cu-tolerance) were selected for pot culture experiments. 1 mmol/L SA was sprayed upon 300 mg/kg soil copper stress, and the photosynthesis, leaf antioxidant system, several essential mineral nutrients and the changes of root upon copper stress were analyzed to explore the mechanism of copper resistance. The results showed that Pn, Tr, Gs and Ci upon copper stress decreased significantly compared to the control group. Meanwhile, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid decreased with significant increase in initial fluorescence (F0), maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), electron transfer rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) content all decreased. The ascorbic acid (AsA) content was decreased, the glutathione (GSH) value was increased, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in the leaves were decreased, and the peroxidase (POD) activity was significantly increased. SA increased the Cu content in the ground and root system, and weakened the nutrient uptake capacity of K, Ca, Mg, and Zn in the root stem and leaves. Spray of exogenous SA can maintain the opening of leaf stomata, improve the adverse effect of copper on photosynthetic pigment and PSⅡ reaction center. Mediating the SOD and APX activity started the AsA-GSH cycle process, effectively regulated the antioxidant enzyme system in chrysanthemum taro, significantly reduced the copper content of all parts of the plant, and improved the ion exchange capacity in the body. External SA increased the content of the negative electric group on the root by changing the proportion of components in the root, promoted the absorption of mineral nutrient elements and the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances, strengthened the fixation effect of the root on metal copper, and avoided its massive accumulation in the H. tuberosus body, so as to alleviate the inhibitory effect of copper on plant growth. The study revealed the physiological regulation of SA upon copper stress, and provided a theoretical basis for planting H. tuberosus to repair soil copper pollution.

Economic evaluation of treatments under dental general anesthesia and protective stabilization / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To conduct economic evaluation of treatments under dental general anesthesia (DGA) and protective stabilization (PS), in order to compare the cost and the final therapeutic effect of these two treatments.@*Methods@#Retrospectively studied twenty-six 2 to 4 years old patients treated under DGA and twenty-seven treated under PS in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The general information, treatment information and total treatment cost information of patients were collected. The cost and cost-survival time ratio of the two groups were compared in units of people and tooth respectively. When compared in unit of people, patients were divided into two groups depending on the number of teeth treated, when compared in unit of tooth, teeth were divided into two groups depending on the treatment received, i.e. restoration or root canal treatment. In addition, we recalculated and compared two groups under the assumption that the treatment charges of DGA was consistent with common outpatient charges.@*Results@#The tooth average cost and cost-survival time ratio of each patient in DGA group which were [(1 133.87±87.37) yuan] and [3.51 (1.30, 5.72) yuan/d] respectively were significantly higher than those in PS group which were [(303.81±155.34) yuan] and [1.54 (0.95, 2.13) yuan/d] respectively (P<0.01). The number of teeth and the way of treatments wouldn't change the result. The recalculated result of the cost-survival time ratio of each patient in DGA group [1.63 (0.72, 2.55) yuan/d] and PS group [1.54 (0.95, 2.13) yuan/d] showed no significant difference (P=0.455).@*Conclusions@#Patients treated in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology showed a significant higher cost and cost-survival time radio in DGA group than that in PS group. If the treatment charges of DGA group was consistent with common outpatient charges, PS group will no longer have economic advantage.

Exercise Training in Hypoxia Prevent Hypoxia Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Skeletal Muscles / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of exercise training in hypoxia on the activation of NL-RP3 inflammasomes in skeletal muscles,and to explore the role of nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2).Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normoxia control (NC) group,a normoxia training (NT) group,a hypoxia control (HC) group and a hypoxia training (HT) group,each of 8.The hypoxia animals were housed in normobaric hypoxic tent with oxygen content of 11.3％ for 4 weeks consecutively.The animals exercised on a motor-driven rodent treadmill of a 5％ slope at a speed of 15 m/min for 60 min/day,5 days/week.Following the last hypoxia exposure,all rats were sacrificed by decapitation and their quadriceps were removed.Their muscle mitochondria were extracted using the differential velocity centrifugation.The generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected using the dichlorofluorescein method.The 8-oxodG in the mitochondral DNA was measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography.The interleukin-1β(IL-13)content and Caspase-1 relative activity of muscles was determined using the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay and colorimetric assay.Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of NLRP3,ASC,NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and quinone oxidase reductase 1(NQO1)protein.Results The ROS generation and the level of 8-oxodG in mtDNA,Caspase-1 activity and IL-1β content,as well as NLRP3 and ASC protein expression in skeletal muscles in group HC were significantly higher than group NC(P＜0.01 for all),while the Nrf2 and NQO1 protein expression of the former were significantly lower than the latter(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The ROS generation and the level of 8-oxodG in mtDNA,Caspase-1 activity and IL-13 content,as well as NLRP3 and ASC protein expression in skeletal muscle in group HT were significantly lower than group HC(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while the Nrf2 and NQO1 protein expression of the former were significantly higher than the latter(P＜0.01 for all).Conclusion Exercise training in hypoxia can prevent hypoxia induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in skeletal muscle via Nrf2-dependent pathways to suppress ROS generation and elevate the expression of antioxidant enzymes.

A detection method of liver iron overload based on static field magnetization principle / 生物医学工程学杂志

Magnetic induction method aims at the noninvasive detection of liver iron overload by measuring the hepatic magnetic susceptibility. To solve the difficulty that eddy current effects interfere with the measurement of magnetic susceptibility, we proposed an improved coil system based on the static field magnetization principle in this study. We used a direct current excitation to eliminate the eddy current effect, and a rotary receiver coil to get the induced voltage. The magnetic field for a cylindrical object due to the magnetization effect was calculated and the relative change of maximum induced voltage was derived. The correlation between magnetic susceptibility of object and maximum magnetic flux, maximum induced voltage and relative change of maximum induced voltage of the receiver coil were obtained by simulation experiments, and the results were compared with those of the theory calculation. The contrast shows that the simulation results fit the theory results well, which proves our method can eliminate the eddy current effect effectively.

Anti-oxidation effects of pyrrolin nitroxides and derivatives in tissues and red blood cell from rats in vitro / 中国药理学通报

AIM To investigate the anti oxidation activities of new systhesized nitroxides in liver, liver mitochondria and RBC from rats and in egg phospholipid. METHODS The homogenates of liver, liver mitochondria from rats and the suspensions of egg phospholipid were used to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) formation induced by Fe 2+ Vit C system using TBA colorimetric method. H 2O 2 caused hemolysis was measured spectrometrically. Superoxide anion was assayed spectrometrically. RESULTS Nitroxides A, B with one active group (NO?) could inhibit MDA generation caused by ?OH generation system significantly, antagonized hemolysis induced by H 2O 2, but did not affect O ? 2 formation; Nitroxide C with two active group (NO?) possessed similar potent anti lipoperoxidative activities,IC 50