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CONTEXT: The distribution of different types of lymphoma varies across geographic regions. AIMS: The present study was done to understand the occurrence of nodal lymphomas in a referral hospital of Mangalore city. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: The present study was conducted on 95 lymph node biopsy specimens, received in a referral hospital of Mangalore city. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cases of nodal lymphoma diagnosed between January 2007 and June 2010 in a referral hospital of Mangalore were selected for the study. The patients age and clinical details were obtained. Immunophenotyping was done for all cases of NHL and selected cases of HL. IPI score for NHL was noted and correlated with the outcome. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi square test was used. RESULTS: Out of the total 95 cases of nodal lymphoma 37 (39%) were HL while 58 (61%) were NHL. Classical HL was diagnosed in 35 cases (37%) while 2 cases (2%) were diagnosed NLPHL. B cell lymphoma formed 72% of NHL. Follicular lymphoma accounted for 28% of all NHL. T cell lymphoma formed 28% of NHL. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion the following points are significant about the distribution of lymphomas in a referral hospital of Mangalore city. The incidence of NSHL is higher while national data suggests MCHL as the most common subtype. The incidence of FL as well as T cell NHL is much higher when compared to national incidence. The epidemiological factors for this high frequency (either genetic or environmental) needs to be studied further.
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In the recent past, though number of patients requiring orthodontic treatment has significantly increased but at the same time parents / patients have certain social constraints such as age, gender bias, poor socio-economic status, nature of job, importance of orthodontic treatment need, treatment time, number of dental surgery visits, associated pain and discomfort, aesthetics during treatment, extraction need and orthognathic surgery need, which refrain parents / patients from undergoing orthodontic treatment and at times considerable counseling is needed. Aim of this study was to find out the common barriers towards orthodontic treatment. A total of 250 physically and mentally healthy participants' age 18-45 years were included in this study. These patients filled a consent form and a valid questionnaire identifying barriers towards orthodontic treatment. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical evaluation. It was inferred from the results that in third world countries like Pakistan specially in private setup medical / dental institutions, major constrains towards orthodontic treatment were poor socioeconomic status, nature of job not allowing repeated visits / long duration, long duration in case of females due to marriage age, extraction need and orthognatic surgery need
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Objectives: To report a series of cases of rickettsial infections from central India and to develop a clinical scoring system for its early detection. Design: Retrospective review of children hospitalized during one year period with fever without a source, and presence of one or more of the clinical features suggestive of rickettsial infection. Diagnosis of rickettsial disease was made by classical clinical features and detection of IgM antibody by ELISA. A clinical scoring system was developed to diagnose spotted fever group by using classical clinical and laboratory findings. Results: 161 patients were admitted and met the inclusion criteria, 75 (45.6%) were diagnosed with rickettsial diseases. 52 (69.3%) had spotted fever group and 23 (30.7%) scrub typhus. The mortality rate with rickettsial diseases was 9%. By using proposed clinical scoring system, a score of 14 has sensitivity and specificity of 96.15% and 98.84%, respectively in making a diagnosis of spotted fever group. Conclusion: Rickettsial diseases are common in the central part of India and should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever of undetermined source. The proposed scoring system can be used for early detection, treatment and prevention of mortality and morbidity from spotted fever group.
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The objective of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment need and outcome expectations among patients and to assess whether their expectations were realistic or unrealistic. A total of 200 physically and mentally healthy participants age 12-30 years were included in this study. These patients filled a consent form and valid questionnaire measure of orthodontic treatment need and outcome expectations. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical evaluation. It was concluded that Patients perception regarding orthodontic treatment need varies from no treatment [4%] need to strong treatment need [18.5%]. Majority of the patients [60%] however felt significant treatment is needed. 56.6% patients themselves were concerned about their self being and felt that orthodontic treatment would improve their dento-facial concerns while 49.5% patients felt treatment need necessary but pressures from society was additional reason. 3% surly have unachievable aesthetic expectations from treatment. Out of 31.5% patients who wanted sufficiently good treatment at the end of treatment 10% were unattainable. 7%patients had unrealistic expectations, 33%patients had realistic expectations but were demanding while 60% patients had realistic expectations from treatment