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Objective@#To construct a model of professional competency standard for school health education teachers in China, then to provide a framework for the professional development of health education teachers at primary and secondary schools.@*Methods@#Seventy-five indicators of professional competency of school health education teacher were identified through job task analysis, qualitative interview, expert consultation. A total of 282 school health administrators/researchers, school principals, health education teachers in Shanghai, and the first undergraduate students of health education progame in China were surveyed. Items analysis verified appropriateness, and exploratory factor analysis determined construct validity of the competency standards.@*Results@#The framework of competency standards consists of four major areas (general literacy, school health services, school health education, school health management), nine categories, and 70 competence standards. Nine categories include professional ethics, general literacy as teacher, assist to deal with emergency/accident health events and common diseases situation in school, assist vaccination and mental health assessment, monitoring/communication the health situation of students, knowledge of health education and teaching skills, implement health education activities effectively and continuously, deal with infectious diseases and environment/ water/food safety in school, monitor conditions of the school health and optimize health strategy continuously. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of total competence standards was 0.98, and those of the sub-dimensions ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 ; the split-half reliability of total system was 0.93 with sub-dimensions coefficient ranging from 0.83 to 0.95.@*Conclusion@#The model of competency standard developed in this study show good validity and reliability, which can provide theoretical framework for the training, using and evaluation of school health education teachers with the characteristics of combinating medicine and teaching.
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Objective To explore the anti-islet cells in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods Glutamate decarboxylase antibody was quantitatively detected by ELISA method, and the frequency of anti-GAD antibody in children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was compared with that in healthy control group. Results Of the 41 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, 4 (9.8%) were GAD antibody positive. The positive rate of GAD in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion This study found that GAD antibody positive rate in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis was significantly higher. Our findings supported the concept of autoimmune thyroid disease patients who may develop into type 1 diabetes in future life.
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Objective To explore the anti-islet cells in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods Glutamate decarboxylase antibody was quantitatively detected by ELISA method, and the frequency of anti-GAD antibody in children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was compared with that in healthy control group. Results Of the 41 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, 4 (9.8%) were GAD antibody positive. The positive rate of GAD in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion This study found that GAD antibody positive rate in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis was significantly higher. Our findings supported the concept of autoimmune thyroid disease patients who may develop into type 1 diabetes in future life.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of mollugin on the viability and collagen synthesis of rat hepatic stellate cell line CFSC-2G.METHODS:The activation of CFSC-2G cells was induced with low concentration (10 μmol/L) of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 30 min in the experiment.The viability of the CFSC-2G cells after exposed to mollu-gin at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 120 μmol/L) was detected by MTT assay.The mRNA and protein ex-pression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and hepatic stellate cell activation markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I ( ColⅠ) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot .The phosphorylation level of p 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ( p38 MAPK) was determined by Western blot .RESULTS:Mollugin significantly inhibited the viability and collagen syn-thesis of activated CSFC-2G cells induced by H 2 O2 .The expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels , and the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK were promoted, while the levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, α-SMA and ColⅠwere inhibited by mollugin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Mollugin may inhibit H2O2-induced viability and collagen synthesis of the CSFC-2G cells by activating Nrf2 and HO-1, and blocking the NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 expression.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of Eph receptor A2 (EphA2) on drug resistance of colorectal carci-noma cells and its possible mechanisms .METHODS:Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of EphA2 at mRNA and protein levels in LoVo and LoVo/5-FU cells.EphA2 siRNA was transfected to down-regulate the EphA2 expression in LoVo/5-FU cells, and the drug sensitivity was calculated by CCK-8 assay.Meanwhile, cell migration and invasion were measured by wound healing assay and Transwell assay , and the protein levels of E-cadherin,β-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin, Notch and Snail were determined by Western blot .RESULTS: The expression of EphA2 at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly up-regulated in LoVo/5-FU cells (P<0.05).Knockdown of EphA2 suppressed the cell viability, and migration and invasion abilities , but promoted drug sensitivity of LoVo/5-FU cells.Up-regulation of E-cadherin and β-catenin, and down-regulation of N-cadherin and vimentin were observed , indicating that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) process was suppressed .Knockdown of EphA2 decreased the expression levels of Notch and Snail.CONCLUSION:Down-regulation of EphA2 partly reverses drug resistance of LoVo/5-FU cells.The mechanism may be related to suppressing cell growth , migration, invasion and EMT process via Notch/Snail signaling pathway .