Preparation and Recognition Features of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Membrane for Lamotrigine in Plasma / 分析化学

The molecularly imprinted polymers membranes(MIPMs)were prepared for selective adsorption of lamotrigine(LTG)in plasma by surface molecular imprinting technology with polyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)membranes as supporter,lamotrigine as template molecule,methyl methacrylate as functional monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linking agent,azodiisobutyronitrile as initiator and acetonitrile-dimethylformamide(1∶1.5,V/V)as pore-forming agent.The prepared MIPMs were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Brunaner-emmet-teller measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis.The adsorption properties of the materials were investigated by kinetic adsorption,isothermal adsorption,selective adsorption,adsorption-desorption and reusability experiments.The results showed that the imprinted layer of LTG was successfully coated on the surface of PVDF,and the materials had uniform particle size.The adsorption capacity and imprinting factor of the MIPMs towards LTG were 3.77 mg/g and 8.97,respectively.The nanomaterials showed fast mass transfer rate(30 min)and good reusability(the adsorption efficiency was 86.66%after 6 cycles),and could be used for the adsorption of LTG in plasma with low matrix interference,recoveries of 86.54%-90.48%and RSD of 1.51%-3.15%(n=5).The proposed LTG MIPMs were demonstrated to be simple and environment friendly,and had high selectivity in rapid separation and extraction of LTG in plasma.

Risk factors of abnormal urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in people with obesity / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of abnormal urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR) in obese population.Methods:Baseline data from 2011 to 2012 in Henan Sub-center of"Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal(REACTION) study"were utilized and those of body mass index≥28 kg/m 2 were screened. The patients were divided into UACR normal group and UACR abnormal group(101 pairs) upon being matched on a 1∶1 basis by age and gender. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, and restricted cubic spline(RCS)analysis were performed to explore the risk factors for abnormal UACR. Results:Compared with the normal UACR group, the UACR abnormal group had a higher number of alcohol consumers, a higher prevalence of hypertension, elevated systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride(all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption( P=0.008), systolic blood pressure( P<0.001), triglyceride( P=0.049), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR, P=0.033) were independent risk factors for abnormal UACR in obese people. The ROC curve analysis indicated that systolic blood pressure had the strongest diagnostic performance as a single factor(ROC curve area=0.801), and there was no significant difference in diagnostic performance compared to multiple factors combination. RCS analysis results showed that the probability of abnormal UACR increased monotonically with the increase of systolic blood pressure when the systolic blood pressure was between 130 and 158 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). When systolic blood pressure was not in the interval, the probability of abnormal UACR did not change significantly. The results of regression analysis of triglyceride subgroup showed that when triglyceride level was greater than or equal to 5.6 mmol/L, the risk of abnormal UACR level was significantly increased( P=0.029). Conclusion:Systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, HOMA-IR, and alcohol drinking history are independent risk factors for abnormal UACR in obese people. When systolic blood pressure is≥130 mmHg or triglyceride is≥5.6 mmol/L, the risk of abnormal UACR is significantly increased.

The clinical application of targeted next-generation sequencing and metagenomics next-generation sequencing in pathogenic microorganism detection / 中华预防医学杂志

Infectious diseases seriously threaten human health. The early detection of the causative organism and antibiotic resistance genes of infection remains a major clinical challenge. Next-generation sequencing has been widely used in diagnosing infectious diseases. Cheaper and faster targeted next-generation sequencing technology is progressively being used in clinical practice. However, the awareness among clinicians about the clinical utility of this technology is limited. The article presents the theoretical background, advantages and disadvantages, clinical applications of targeted next-generation sequencing, and its contrasts with metagenomics next-generation sequencing. It provides a reference for clinicians to select laboratory methods for identifying pathogens in clinical practice.

The clinical application of targeted next-generation sequencing and metagenomics next-generation sequencing in pathogenic microorganism detection / 中华预防医学杂志

Infectious diseases seriously threaten human health. The early detection of the causative organism and antibiotic resistance genes of infection remains a major clinical challenge. Next-generation sequencing has been widely used in diagnosing infectious diseases. Cheaper and faster targeted next-generation sequencing technology is progressively being used in clinical practice. However, the awareness among clinicians about the clinical utility of this technology is limited. The article presents the theoretical background, advantages and disadvantages, clinical applications of targeted next-generation sequencing, and its contrasts with metagenomics next-generation sequencing. It provides a reference for clinicians to select laboratory methods for identifying pathogens in clinical practice.

Coronary intravascular lithotripsy for calcified coronary artery calcification-systematic review of researches / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Coronary artery calcification commonly results in reduced vascular compliance,facilitating incomplete stent expansion and in-stent restenosis after stent implantation,thereby leading to the failure of interventional treatment.Conventional approaches to managing calcified lesions are constrained by the intricate nature and properties of calcified plaques,which frequently pose challenges in their manipulation,consequently giving rise to numerous approaches complications and an elevated likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events following the procedure.Percutaneous coronary intraluminal shock wave balloon catheter angioplasty,also known as coronary intravascular lithotripsy,utilizing a balloon catheter system,demonstrates the capacity to safely and efficiently modify superficial and deep-seated calcifications,regardless of their concentric or eccentric nature.This intervention significantly enhances vascular compliance,thereby facilitating subsequent interventional therapies.Presently,coronary intravascular lithotripsy has emerged as a crucial approach in the management of coronary artery calcification.This article primarily offers a comprehensive examination of the mechanism of intravascular lithotripsy and the research pertaining to the treatment of coronary artery calcification.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Combined Chemotherapy Regimen Containing Bedaquiline in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the combined chemotherapy regimen containing Bedaquiline (BR) and the conventional treatment regimen (CR, not containing Bedaquiline) for the treatment of adults with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in China.@*METHODS@#A combination of a decision tree and a Markov model was developed to estimate the cost and effects of MDR patients in BR and CR within ten years. The model parameter data were synthesized from the literature, the national TB surveillance information system, and consultation with experts. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of BR vs. CR was determined.@*RESULTS@#BR ( vs. CR) had a higher sputum culture conversion rate and cure rate and prevented many premature deaths (decreased by 12.8%), thereby obtaining more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (increased by 2.31 years). The per capita cost in BR was as high as 138,000 yuan, roughly double that of CR. The ICER for BR was 33,700 yuan/QALY, which was lower than China's 1× per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020 (72,400 yuan).@*CONCLUSION@#BR is shown to be cost effective. When the unit price of Bedaquiline reaches or falls below 57.21 yuan per unit, BR is expected to be the dominant strategy in China over CR.

Changes in Notified Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China, 2005-2020 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the trend of notified incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in China at different periods by population and region and to explore the effect of TB prevention and control in recent years.@*METHODS@#Using pooled data on TB cases reported by the TB Information Management Reporting System (TBIMS) from 2005 to 2020, we calculated the annual percentage change (APC) using the Joinpoint regression model.@*RESULTS@#From 2005 to 2020, a total of 16.2 million cases of PTB were reported in China, with an average notified incidence of 75.5 per 100,000 population. The age standardization rate (ASR) continued to decline from 116.9 (/100,000) in 2005 to 47.6 (/100,000) in 2020, with an average annual decrease of 5.6% [APC = -5.6, 95% confidence interval ( CI): -7.0 to -4.2]. The smallest decline occurred in 2011-2018 (APC = -3.4, 95% CI: -4.6 to -2.3) and the largest decrease in 2018-2020 (APC = -9.2, 95% CI: -16.4 to -1.3). From 2005 to 2020, the ASR in males (159.8 per 100,000 in 2005, 72.0 per 100,000 in 2020) was higher than that in females (62.2 per 100,000 in 2005, 32.3 per 100,000 in 2020), with an average annual decline of 6.0% for male and 4.9% for female. The average notified incidence was the highest among older adults (65 years and over) (182.3/100,000), with an average annual decline of 6.4%; children (0-14 years) were the lowest (4.8/100,000), with an average annual decline of 7.3%, but a significant increase of 3.3% between 2014 and 2020 (APC = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.4 to 5.2); middle-aged (35-64 years) decreased by 5.8%; and youth (15-34 years) decreased by an average annual rate of 4.2%. The average ASR in rural areas (81.3/100,000) is higher than that in urban areas (76.1/100,000). The average annual decline in rural areas was 4.5% and 6.3% in urban areas. South China had the highest average ASR (103.2/100,000), with an average annual decline of 5.9%, while North China had the lowest (56.5/100,000), with an average annual decline of 5.9%. The average ASR in the southwest was 95.3 (/100,000), with the smallest annual decline (APC = -4.5, 95% CI: -5.5 to -3.5); the average ASR in the Northwest China was 100.1 (/100,000), with the largest annual decline (APC = -6.4, 95% CI: -10.0 to -2.7); Central, Northeastern, and Eastern China declined by an average of 5.2%, 6.2%, and 6.1% per year, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#From 2005 to 2020, the notified incidence of PTB in China continued to decline, falling by 55%. For high-risk groups such as males, older adults, high-burden areas in South, Southwest, and Northwest China, and rural regions, proactive screening should be strengthened to provide timely and effective anti-TB treatment and patient management services for confirmed cases. There is also a necessity to be vigilant about the upward trend of children in recent years, the specific reasons for which need to be further studied.

Correlation analysis and benchmark dose study on bone metabolic biochemical index of low doses of exposed hydrogen fluoride workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze correlation of occupational hydrogen fluoride exposure to low doses of bone metabolism index through occupational epidemiological investigation and benchmark dose calculation. Methods: In May 2021, using cluster sampling method, 237 workers exposed to hydrogen fluoride in a company were selected as the contact group, and 83 workers not exposed to hydrogen fluoride in an electronics production company were selected as the control group. The external exposure dose and urinary fluoride concentration, blood and urine biochemical indicators of the workers was measured.The relationship between external dose and internal dose of hydrogen fluoride was analyzed. The external dose, urinary fluoride was used as exposure biomarkers, while serum osteocalcin (BGP), serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and urinary hydroxyproline (HYP) were used as effect biomarkers for bone metabolism of hydrogen fluoride exposure. The benchmark dose calculation software (BMDS1.3.2) was used to calculate benchmark dose (BMD) . Results: Urine fluoride concentration in the contact group was correlated with creatinine-adjusted urine fluoride concentration (r=0.69, P=0.001). There was no significant correlation between the external dose of hydrogen fluoride and urine fluoride in the contact group (r=0.03, P=0.132). The concentrations of urine fluoride in the contact group and the control group were (0.81±0.61) and (0.45±0.14) mg/L, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.01, P=0.025). Using BGP, AKP and HYP as effect indexes, the urinary BMDL-05 values were 1.28, 1.47 and 1.08 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion: Urinary fluoride can sensitively reflect the changes in the effect indexes of biochemical indexes of bone metabolism. BGP and HYP can be used as early sensitive effect indexes of occupational hydrogen fluoride exposure.

Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 overexpression reduces sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to osimertinib / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To screen the differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with acquired resistance to osimertinib and explore their roles in drug resistance of the cells.@*METHODS@#The cell lines H1975_OR and HCC827_OR with acquired osimertinib resistance were derived from their osimertinib-sensitive parental NSCLC cell lines H1975 and HCC827, respectively, and their sensitivity to osimertinib was assessed with CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay and flow cytometry. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs in osimertinib-resistant cells. The role of the identified lncRNA in osimertinib resistance was explored using CCK-8, clone formation and Transwell assays, and its subcellular localization and downstream targets were analyzed by nucleoplasmic separation, bioinformatics analysis and qPCR.@*RESULTS@#The resistance index of H1975_OR and HCC827_OR cells to osimertinib was 598.70 and 428.82, respectively (P < 0.001), and the two cell lines showed significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming abilities with decreased apoptosis (P < 0.01). RNA-seq identified 34 differentially expressed lncRNAs in osimertinib-resistant cells, and among them lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 showed the highest increase of expression after acquired osimertinib resistance (P < 0.01). Analysis of the TCGA database suggested that the level of lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 was significantly higher in NSCLC than in adjacent tissues (P < 0.001), and its high expression was associated with a poor prognosis of the patients. In osimertinib-sensitive cells, overexpression of Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 obviously promoted cell proliferation, colony formation and migration (P < 0.05), while Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 knockdown partially restored osimertinib sensitivity of the resistant cells (P < 0.01). Lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, and bioinformatics analysis suggested that hsa-miR-766-5p was its candidate target, and their expression levels were inversely correlated. The target mRNAs of hsa-miR-766-5p were mainly enriched in the Ras signaling pathway.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of lnc-TMEM132D-AS1 is significantly upregulated in NSCLC cells with acquired osimertinib resistance, and may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for osimertinibresistant NSCLC.

Bushen Huoxue Fang improves recurrent miscarriage in mice by down-regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy of Bushen Huoxue Fang (BSHXF, a traditional Chinese medicine formula) for improving recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in mice and the role of tyrosine kinase (JAK2) and transcriptional activator (STAT3) signaling pathway in its therapeutic mechanism.@*METHODS@#Female CBA/J mice were caged with male DBA/2 mice to establish RSA mouse models, which were randomly divided into model group, dydrogesterone group and BSHXF group, with the female mice caged with male BALB/c mice as the control group (n=6). From the first day of pregnancy, the mice were subjected to daily intragastric administration of BSHXF, dydrogesterone, or distilled water (in control and model groups) for 12 days. After the treatments, serum levels of antithrombin III (AT-III), activated protein C (APC), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and estradiol (E2) were detected in each group using ELISA. HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the endometrium of the mice. Western blotting was performed to determine the expressions of p-JAK2, p-Stat3 and Bcl-2 in the placenta of the mice.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control mice, the mouse models of RSA showed a significantly increased embryo loss rate with decreased serum levels of AT-III, T-PA, progesterone, APC and HCG, increased placental expressions of p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and Bax, and decreased expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). Treatments with BSHXF and dydrogesterone both increased serum levels of AT-III, t-PA and HCG in the mouse models; Serum APC level was significantly reduced in BSHXF group and serum progesterone level was significantly increased in dydrogesterone group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#BSHXF can improve the prethrombotic state and inhibit cell apoptosis by downregulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to increase the pregnancy rate in mouse models of RSA.

Tumor cell-based glycolytic metabolism and single-cell sequencing of urinary exfoliated cells for the diagnosis and molecular profiling of urothelial carcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To explore the diagnostic values of HK2 testing and single-cell sequencing in the urothelial carcinoma (UC). Methods: The qualified urine specimens of 265 suspected UC patients or postoperative patients from the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China were collected. Both exfoliative cytology and HK2 testing were performed on clinically suspected UC or postoperative patients. The performance of diagnostic cytology and HK2, including consistency, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, was evaluated based on histopathological, clinical and imaging diagnosis. Isolated HK2 metabolically abnormal cells were subject to single-cell sequencing to verify the reliability of HK2 detection performance and to explore the molecular characteristics of UC. Results: The concordance rate of HK2 testing and cytology for detecting UC was 90.3% (102/113, Kappa=0.604). Compared with cytology, the sensitivity of HK2 was significantly higher (85.2% versus 75.6%, P=0.024). The detection sensitivity of combined HK2 testing and cytology was increased to 91.1%. HK2 testing was significantly more sensitive than cytology for diagnosing UC in the upper urinary tract (81.8% versus 65.5%, P=0.022). It was also more sensitive than cytology for diagnosing early-stage UC (82.6% versus 69.5%, P=0.375) and low-grade UC (69.6% versus 47.8%, P=0.125). Single-cell sequencing of the ten patients, whose samples were positive for HK2, demonstrated highly concordant copy number variations (CNVs) in tumor cells from the same UC patient, with heterogeneity in CNV profiles among different patients. Deletion of chromosome 8p was found in 3 of the 4 urine samples of renal pelvis UC. The 2 patients with benign lesions had no CNVs in all sequenced cells. Conclusions: The test for abnormal urinary glycolytic HK2 metabolism can assist urine cytology to improve the sensitivity of UC diagnosis, and it provides a novel and reliable approach for early detection of upper urinary tract UC and lower grade UC. Meanwhile, this study has preliminarily revealed the feasibility of single-cell sequencing in urinary samples, which is expected to improve the diagnostic specificity of HK2 testing.

Percutaneous minimally invasive osteotomy with 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation for the treatment of moderate hallux valgus / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe clinical effect of percutaneous minimally invasive osteotomy with 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation in treating moderate hallux valgus.@*METHODS@#Totally 23 patients with moderate hallux valgus were treated with percutaneous minimally invasive osteotomy with 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation from August 2019 to January 2021, and 1 patient was loss to follow-up, and finally 22 patients(30 feet) were included, 4 males (6 feet) and 18 females(24 feet), aged from 27 to 66 years old with an average of(50.59±11.95) years old. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), metatarsal span (the distance between the first and the fifth metatarsal bones), changed of soft tissue width, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) score, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were collected and compared before operation and 6 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-two patients were followed up from 5.7 to 6.4 months with an average of (6.13±0.85) months. The first metatarsal osteotomy of patients were obtained bone union, and deformity of the toes was corrected. Complications such as avascular necrosis of metatarsal head and transfer metatarsalgia were not occurred. Postoperative HVA, IMA, metatarsal span, soft tissue width, VAS, AOFAS score at 6 months were significantly improved compared with pre-operation (P<0.01). According to AOFAS score at 6 months after operation, 10 feet were excellent, 18 good and 2 poor. Two feet with poor were excellent after prolonged 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation time.@*CONCLUSION@#Percutaneous minimally invasive osteotomy with 8-shaped bandage and hallux valgus splint fixation for the treatment of moderate hallux valgus could better correct deformity of hallux valgus, relieve foot symptoms, good recovery of postoperative function, and has a significant clinical efficacy.

Mental health status and its influencing factors in middle school students under the regular prevention and control of COVID-19 / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo analyze the mental health status and its influencing factors in middle school students under the regular prevention and control of COVID-19， so as to provide references for the intervention and management of their mental health problems. MethodsFrom March 7 to 21， 2021， a stratified random sampling method was used to select 19 352 students from 17 schools in 3 districts and 9 counties of Linyi City， Shandong Province. Basic data were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. All students completed the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） to assess their mental health status. Then the factors affecting the mental health status of middle school students were screened using independent sample t-test， one-way ANOVA test and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results① A total of 6 350 （32.81%） middle school students were found to have mental health problems. ② Each SCL-90 factor score and total average score yielded statistical difference among middle school students of different genders， relationships with classmate， closeness to friends， concerns about the epidemic， and pressure exerted by schoolwork （P<0.01）. Each SCL-90 factor score and total average score of middle school students were significant different in terms of the hours of smartphone usage for recreation per day， sleep duration per night in hours and exercise frequency （P<0.01）. ③ Multiple stepwise regression analysis denoted that female gender， poor relationship with classmate， no close friend and long hours of smartphone usage for recreation were the risk factors for mental health of middle school students （β=0.096， 0.183， 0.064， 0.232， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe prevalence rate of mild mental health problems is quite high among middle school students under the regular epidemic prevention and control. Additionally， female gender， poor relationship with classmate， no close friend and long hours of smartphone usage for recreation have a negative impact on middle school students' mental health.

Impact of sinonasal anatomic changes after endoscopic anterior skull base surgery on nasal airflow and air conditioning: a computational fluid dynamics study / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the impact of the sinonasal anatomic changes after endonasal endoscopic anterior skull base surgery on the nasal airflow and heating and humidification by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and to explore the correlation between the postoperative CFD parameters and the subjective symptoms of the patients. Methods: The clinical data in the Rhinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients received the endoscopic resection of the anterior skull base tumor were selected as the case group, and the adults whose CT scans had no sinonasal abnormalities were chosen as the control group. The CFD simulation was performed on the sinonasal models after reconstructed from the patients' sinus CT images during the post-surgical follow-up. All the patients were asked to complete the Empty Nose Syndrome 6-Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) to assess the subjective symptoms. The comparison between two independent groups and the correlation analysis were carried out by using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation test in the SPSS 26.0 software. Results: Nineteen patients (including 8 males and 11 females, from 22 to 67 years old) in the case group and 2 patients (a male of 38 years old and a female of 45 years old) in the control group were enrolled in this study. After the anterior skull base surgery, the high-speed airflow moved to the upper part of the nasal cavity, and the lowest temperature shifted upwards on the choana. Comparing with the control group, the ratio of nasal mucosal surface area to nasal ventilation volume in the case group decreased [0.41 (0.40, 0.41) mm-1 vs 0.32 (0.30, 0.38) mm-1; Z=-2.04, P=0.041], the air flow in the upper and middle part of the nasal cavity increased [61.14 (59.78, 62.51)% vs 78.07 (76.22, 94.43)%; Z=-2.28, P=0.023], the nasal resistance decreased [0.024 (0.022, 0.026) Pa·s/ml vs 0.016 (0.009, 0.018) Pa·s/ml; Z=-2.29, P=0.022], the lowest temperature in the middle of the nasal cavity decreased [28.29 (27.23, 29.35)℃ vs 25.06 (24.07, 25.50)℃; Z=-2.28, P=0.023], the nasal heating efficiency decreased [98.74 (97.95, 99.52)% vs 82.16 (80.24, 86.91)%; Z=-2.28, P=0.023], the lowest relative humidity decreased [(79.62 (76.55, 82.69)% vs 73.28 (71.27, 75.05)%; Z=-2.28, P=0.023], and the nasal humidification efficiency decreased [99.50 (97.69, 101.30)% vs 86.09 (79.33, 87.16)%; Z=-2.28, P=0.023]. The ENS6Q total scores of all patients in the case group were less than 11 points. There was a moderate negative correlation between the proportion of the inferior airflow in the post-surgical nasal cavity negatively and the ENS6Q total scores (rs=-0.50, P=0.029). Conclusions: The sinonasal anatomic changes after the endoscopic anterior skull base surgery alter the nasal airflow patterns, reducing the efficiency of nasal heating and humidification. However, the post-surgical occurrence tendency of the empty nose syndrome is weak.

Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain: a national multi-center survey of 35 566 population / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.

Chinese version of the stressor scale for emergency nurse: assessment of reliability and validity / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To translate the Stressor Scale for Emergency Nurse (SSEN), and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version.Methods:According to the Brislin model to translate and back-translate the orginal English version, the Chinese version of the scale was determined after cross-cultural adaptation and pretesting. From October 2021 to January 2022, 401 emergency nurses in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were selected for a questionnaire survey to evaluate the reliability and validity of the translated Chinese scale.Results:The Chinese version of the SSEN retains 27 items, 4 common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the factor cumulative variance contribution rate was 78.463%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that χ2/ df=2.280, comparative fitness index=0.933, Tucker-Lewis index=0.924, incremental fit index=0.933, root mean square of approximate residual=0.079, all within the acceptable range. The item-level content validity index of the Chinese SSEN was 0.80-1.00; the scale-level content validity index was 0.97; it was positively correlated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory manual, and the correlation coefficient was 0.456 ( P<0.001); the Cronbach α coefficient of the total table was 0.971, the split-half reliability was 0.877, and the test-retest reliability was 0.958. Conclusions:The Chinese version of the SSEN has good reliability and validity, and it can be used to investgate the occupattional stressors for emergency nurses in the context of Chinese culture.

Clinical analysis of sIgG antibody in children with food intolerance in Qingdao / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze food intolerance status in children in Qingdao by detecting the serum levels of food-specific IgG (sIgG).Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4 249 children aged 0 to 14 years (all were permanent residents of Qingdao City) admitted to Women and Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University from May 2017 to December 2020 for suspected food intolerance were selected as the study objects with the whole sampling method. According to the age, the objects were divided into 4 groups: 0-<1 year group (440 cases), 1-<3 years group (1 761 cases), 3-<6 years group (1 193 cases), and ≥6 years group (855 cases). Positive condition of serum sIgG antibodies of 14 kinds of food in the children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of the antibodies among different foods, gender and age groups.Results:The total positive rate of food sIgG antibody in 4 249 children was 95.32% (4 050/4 249), the highest positive rate was found in eggs (81.50%) and the lowest positive rate was found in pork (1.15%). The positive rates of sIgG antibody in milk (54.98% vs 49.69%, χ2=11.627), crab (5.59% vs 3.71%, χ2=8.049) and shrimp (4.62% vs 2.75%, χ2=9.784) in boys were significantly higher than those in girls, and the positive rates of sIgG antibody in tomato (49.19% vs 45.54%, χ2=5.510), cod (8.53% vs 5.96%, χ2=10.512) and beef (2.58% vs 1.70%, χ2=3.959) in girls were significantly higher than those in boys (all P<0.05). The total positive rate of sIgG antibody in 14 foods was the lowest in 0-<1 year group (89.09%), and it was the highest in 3-<6 years group (96.98%) ( χ2=63.950, P<0.001). The highest positive rate in 0-<1 year group was found in tomato (56.36%), and it was eggs (85.29%, 88.94%, 85.50%) in all the other 3 groups. The positive rates of corn and beef decreased with age ( χ2=44.098, 20.106, P<0.001), while those of cod and mushroom increased with age ( χ2=32.315, 40.338, P<0.001). The positive rate of wheat (57.13%, χ2=42.273), tomato (57.01%, χ2=209.862), soybean (24.99%, χ2=92.580), crab (6.81%, χ2=33.201), shrimp (6.25%, χ2=47.863) were all the highest in 1-<3 years group among the 4 groups (all P<0.001), and the positive rate of chicken was the highest in 3-<6 years group (7.88%, χ2=29.875; P<0.001). Conclusions:Children in Qingdao have a high level of food intolerance, and the highest positive rate is for eggs. Milk, crab and shrimp should be focused on for boys, while tomatoes, cod and beef shoud be paid more attention to for girls. Children of different ages have different kinds of food intolerance, and their diets should be adjusted reasonably according to the characteristics.

Analysis of the relationship between Salmonella drug sensitivity and ion peak by mass spectrometry / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between drug susceptibility of Salmonella bacteria and ion peak by mass spectrometry.Methods A total of 19 strains of Salmonella collected from the laboratory of Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2017 to 2020 were selected as the research objects.Serotyping and drug sensitivity tests were performed.The protein fingerprints of Salmonella were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.The relationship between drug sensitivity test and mass spectrometry in serotyping and drug resistance type identification was compared.Re-sults A total of 19 strains of Salmonella were generally resistant to β-lactam,and the antimicrobial resistance rate was above 50.00%except for cefepime,cefotetan and ertapenem.It was generally sensitive to non-β-lac-tam antibiotics,and the sensitivity rate was higher.The results of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed that 3 128,3 158,5 144,6 094,64 84 m/z might be the specific pro-tein peaks of imipenem resistant Salmonella,5 772 m/z might be the specific protein peak of tobramycin re-sistant salmonella,3 046 m/z might be the specific protein peak of Salmonella resistant to levofloxacin,4 165 m/z might be the characteristic peak of Salmonella resistant to cefepime,10 957 m/z might be the common characteristic peak of Salmonella resistant to imipenem,cefazolin and ceftazidime,5 710 m/z might be the common characteristic peak of Salmonella resistant to tobramycin and cefotetan,4 165 m/z may be the com-mon characterstic peak of Salmonella resistant to imipenem and levofloxacin.Conclusion This study prelimi-narily explored the drug resistance spectrum of salmonella fingerprint results,which can provide reference for clinical drug use in time.

Associations between abnormal electroencephalogram microstates and childhood emotional abuse in adolescent depression / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:Childhood traumatic experiences greatly influenced the brain network activities of patients with depression,and there is an urgent need to explore the temporal dynamics for these changes.This study aims to investigate the abnormalities of resting-state electroencephalogram(EEG)microstates in eye-open state of depressed adolescents and to explore the correlations between their EEG microstates and the childhood traumatic experience. Methods:Using resting-state EEG microstate analysis,we explored the temporal dynamics of brain activity in patients with adolescent depression.This study selected 66 adolescents with depression as a patient group,and 27 healthy adolescents as a healthy control group.A modified k-means clustering algorithm was used to classify the 64-channel resting-state EEG data into different microstates.Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the microstate parameters between the 2 groups and further assciations between these parameters and childhood traumatic experience in patients were explored via using Spearman correlation. Results:In this study,significant differences were observed in the occurrence and transition probabilities of EEG microstates between the healthy control and the patient group.Notably,there was a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05)in the occurrence of microstate A across 2 groups,exhibiting a negative correlation with the emotional abuse component within the childhood trauma scores(Spearman's rho=-0.31,P=0.013).Furthermore,patient-specific,non-random transitions from microstate B to A(Spearman's rho=-0.30,P=0.015)and C to A(Spearman's rho=-0.31,P=0.013)were inversely associated with the scores of emotional abuse factors from childhood trauma in the patient group,showing statistically significant differences when comparing to the healthy controls(P＜0.05).Upon stratification into quartiles based on the emotional abuse factor scores,the occurrence of microstate A,as well as the transition rates from microstates B to A and C to A,retained statistical significance following adjustment for multiple comparisons(all P＜0.05). Conclusion:The abnormal temporal dynamics in brain networks of adolescents with depression are linked to childhood emotional abuse.Those who have suffered severe emotional abuse may show greater impairments in the brain's visual and central executive networks.EEG microstate analysis could be a potential tool for detecting adolescent depression with severe childhood trauma.

Auranofin reverses acquired resistance to osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of auranofin in reversing acquired resistance to osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Osimertinib-sensi-tive NSCLC cell lines HI975 and PC9 were used to establish osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines HI975/OR and PC9/OR. An FDA approved library of 1470 FDA drugs was used to high-throughput screen the reversal agents of acquired resistant of osimertinib by CCK-8. Compusyn was used to calculate the combination index of osimertinib and auranofin to determine the optimal dose of drug combination. CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry and Transwell experiments were used to detect osimertinib, auranofin and the combination drug effect on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of osimertinib acquired NSCLC cell lines. RNA-sequencing was applied to screen differentially expressed mRNAs in osimertinib treatment alone and osimertinib combined with auranofin treatment group. qRT-PCR and western blot were employed to validate the selected gene expression and protein expression. Results Compared with osimertinib sensitive cell lines H1975 and PC9, H1975/OR and PC9/OR showed significantly higher cell viability and lower apoptosis rate after osimertinib treatment. The resistance index was 70. 31 and 136. 99, respectively. In FDA approved 1470 drug library, only auranofin could enhance the sensitivity of osimertinib in H1975/OR and PC9/OR. When 1 μmol • L