Visualization Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Literature in Forensic Research / 法医学杂志

Objective To analyze the literature on artificial intelligence in forensic research from 2012 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection Database,to explore research hotspots and developmen-tal trends.Methods A total of 736 articles on artificial intelligence in forensic medicine in the Web of Science Core Collection Database from 2012 to 2022 were visualized and analyzed through the litera-ture measuring tool CiteSpace.The authors,institution,country(region),title,journal,keywords,cited references and other information of relevant literatures were analyzed.Results A total of 736 articles published in 220 journals by 355 authors from 289 institutions in 69 countries(regions)were identi-fied,with the number of articles published showing an increasing trend year by year.Among them,the United States had the highest number of publications and China ranked the second.Academy of Forensic Science had the highest number of publications among the institutions.Forensic Science Inter-national,Journal of Forensic Sciences,International Journal of Legal Medicine ranked high in publica-tion and citation frequency.Through the analysis of keywords,it was found that the research hotspots of artificial intelligence in the forensic field mainly focused on the use of artificial intelligence technol-ogy for sex and age estimation,cause of death analysis,postmortem interval estimation,individual identification and so on.Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to international and institutional cooperation and to strengthen the cross-disciplinary research.Exploring the combination of advanced ar-tificial intelligence technologies with forensic research will be a hotspot and direction for future re-search.

Expression of junctophilin 2 and FGF23 in atrial tissue of rabbits with atrial fibrillation cardiomyopathy / 基础医学与临床

Objective To explore the expression of junctophilin 2(JP2)and fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)in a rabbit model of atrial fibrillation mediated-cardiomyopathy(AMC).Methods Rabbit models of atrial fibrillation(AF)were developed through rapid atrial stimulation and then divided into three groups:control group(pacemak-ers implanted without pacing,n=6),AF group(pacing with ejection fraction decrease＜10％,n=5),and AMC group(pacing with ejection fraction decrease≥10％,n=6).Echocardiography was performed to detect left ventric-ular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).JP2 and FGF23 were detected by ELISA method.Western blot and RT-qPCR were conducted to detect protein and mRNA expression of JP2 and FGF23.Results Left atrial diameter,right atrial diameter and right ventricular diameter increased and LVEF decreased in the AMC group as compared with the control group.AMC group had lower LVEF and larger aorta and right ventricle diameter.Compared with the control group,the ex-pression of FGF23(P＜0.001)and JP2(P＜0.01)in left atrial cardiomyocytes was significantly increased in the AF group,while the expression of JP2 was decreased in the AMC group(P＜0.001).AMC group had lower expression of JP2 and FGF23 compared with AF group.Compared to the control group,plasma concentration of JP2 and FGF23 increased in the AF group and FGF23 plasma concentration increased in the AMC group.Plasma concentration of FGF23 and JP2 was lower in AMC group than that in AF group.Conclusions FGF23 expression increased and JP2 expression decreased as found in the rabbit AMC model.

Establishment and evaluation of a nomogram model for predicting postoperative frailty in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of postoperative frailty in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors, establish a nomogram model for predicting postoperative frailty and evaluate its efficacy, so as to provide reference basis for formulating perioperative frailty management plans for elderly gastrointestinal tumor patients in the later stage.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select 376 elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors who underwent surgical treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from December 2021 to August 2022 as the study objects. On the 5th day after surgery according to Tilburg Frailty Indicator, the patients were diagnosed whether they developed postoperative frailty and were divided into postoperative frailty group and postoperative non-frailty group. General data, laboratory indicators and clinical data of patients were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the independent influencing factors of postoperative frailty in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors. R software was used to establish a nomogram prediction model and conduct internal validation to evaluate the differentiation, calibration and clinical applicability of the model.Results:A total of 265 males and 111 females included aged (70.04 ± 5.89) years old, with 222 (59.0%) patients experienced postoperative frailty in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that low Barthel Index score ( OR=0.941, 95% CI 0.903-0.980), low hemoglobin ( OR=0.976, 95% CI 0.963-0.989), high Charison Comorbid Index score ( OR=1.457, 95% CI 1.128-1.882), preoperative frailty ( OR=4.369, 95% CI 1.486-12.841), and pathological stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ ( OR=2.053, 95% CI 1.253-3.364) were independent influencing factors for postoperative frailty of elderly gastrointestinal tumors (all P<0.05). The AUC before and after internal validation of the nomogram model was 0.811 (95% CI 0.768-0.854) and 0.803 (95% CI 0.762-0.856) respectively. The results of Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good goodness of fit ( χ2=4.09, P>0.05). Decision curve analysis showed that the model had certain clinical applicability. Conclusions:Based on the risk factors of postoperative frailty in elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors, the nomogram prediction model was established, which has good differentiation, consistency and clinical applicability, and can provide reference for clinical staff to make perioperative frailty management plan.

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis in the treatment of primary acute angle-closure glaucoma with cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis in the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma complicated with cataract.METHODS: A total of 53 patients(60 eyes)with primary acute angle closure glaucoma complicated with cataract admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to February 2021 were selected. They were divided into two groups according to the surgical method, with 28 cases(30 eyes)who were treated with femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis in group A, and 25 cases(30 eyes)who were treated with traditional cataract phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis in group B. The effective phacoemulsification time(EPT)and cumulative dissipated energy(CDE)during surgery in two groups were recorded. Patients were followed up to 3mo after surgery, and the intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth(ACD), best corrected visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell loss rate(ECL)and surgical complications were observed in both groups.RESULTS: The postoperative intraocular pressure was significantly decreased and ACD was significantly increased(all P&#x003C;0.05), and there was no difference between the two groups(all P&#x003E;0.05). The postoperative best corrected visual acuity of the two groups was significantly better than that before surgery(P&#x003C;0.05), and group A was significantly better than group B at 1d after surgery(P&#x003C;0.05). The EPT, CDE, ECL and incidence of complications(7% vs. 27%)in group A were significantly lower than those in group B(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis in the treatment of primary acute angle-closure glaucoma combined with cataract has a significant therapeutic effect, which can effectively improve surgical safety, reduce the rate of corneal endothelial cell loss, and have fewer complications.

In vivo confocal microscopic observations of 49 patients with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the imaging features of 49 patients with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy(PPCD)by in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM).METHODS: Retrospective case series study. A total of 49 patients(86 eyes), including 32 males and 17 females diagnosed with PPCD between January 2013 and January 2021 were collected. The mean age was 42.5±22.9 years. All patients were scanned by IVCM to analyze the density of corneal endothelial cells and described IVCM characteristics of different types of PPCD.RESULTS: The number of endothelial cells in the lesion area of all patients was lower than that in the peripheral area. Under IVCM, 44 eyes(51%)were categorized into type 1 PPCD(vesicular lesions), characterized by single or multiple, central round or irregular crater-like lesion on paracentral corneal endothelial layer; 16 eyes(19%)were categorized into type 2 PPCD(band lesions), which displayed curved and raised edge with scattered or banded-distributed gutta-like lesion between edges. Type 3 PPCD(diffuse lesion)were in 26 eyes(30%), which showed that endothelial cells were missing in many areas. The blurred images of endothelium in most areas featured with spikes lined in a streak, and the clear images in some areas featured with a band lesions. Two patients were followed up for 4-5a. The IVCM images showed different lesions, including the decrease of central corneal endothelial cell density and the iron deposit in the corneal epithelium, etc.CONCLUSION: IVCM is able to scan the characteristic microstructural alterations at the level of endothelium and Descemet membrane in patients with PPCD, and provide an effective image diagnosis for PPCD.

Anti-infectious pneumonia target discovery and molecular mechanism study of Jingfang Granules / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to identify the direct pharmacological targets of Jingfang Granules in treating infectious pneumonia via "target fishing" strategy. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of Jingfang Granules in treating infectious pneumonia was also investigated based on target-related pharmacological signaling pathways. First, the Jingfang Granules extract-bound magnetic nanoparticles were prepared, which were incubated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced mouse pneumonia tissue lysates. The captured proteins were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS), and the target groups with specific binding to the Jingfang Granules extract were screened out. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to identify the target protein-associated signaling pathways. On this basis, the LPS-induced mouse model of infectious pneumonia was established. The possible biological functions of target proteins were verified by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and immunohistochemical assay. A total of 186 Jingfang Granules-specific binding proteins were identified from lung tissues. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the target protein-associated signaling pathways mainly included Salmonella infection, vascular and pulmonary epithelial adherens junction, ribosomal viral replication, viral endocytosis, and fatty acid degradation. The target functions of Jingfang Granules were related to pulmonary inflammation and immunity, pulmonary energy metabolism, pulmonary microcirculation, and viral infection. Based on the in vivo inflammation model, Jingfang Granules significantly improved the alveolar structure of the LPS-induced mouse model of infectious pneumonia and down-regulated the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6). Meanwhile, Jingfang Gra-nules significantly up-regulated the expressions of key proteins of mitochondrial function COX Ⅳ and ATP, microcirculation-related proteins CD31 and Occludin, and proteins associated with viral infection DDX21 and DDX3. These results suggest that Jingfang Gra-nules can inhibit lung inflammation, improve lung energy metabolism and pulmonary microcirculation, resist virus infection, thus playing a protective role in the lung. This study systematically explains the molecular mechanism of Jingfang Granules in the treatment of respiratory inflammation from the perspective of target-signaling pathway-pharmacological efficacy, thereby providing key information for clinical rational use of Jingfang Granules and expanding potential pharmacological application.

Analysis on characteristic of stage Ⅰ occupational cement pneumoconiosis patients / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of stage Ⅰ occupational cement pneumoconiosis patients. Methods: In October 2021, the data of patients with occupational cement pneumoconiosis diagnosed by the Third Hospital of Peking University from 2014 to 2020 were collected, and the data of the patients' initial exposure age, dust exposure duration, diagnosis age, incubation period, chest X-ray findings, lung function and other data were analyzed retrospectively. Spearman grade correlation was used for correlation analysis of grade count data. The influencing factors of lung function were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 107 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 80 male patients and 27 female patients. The inital exposure age was (26.2±7.7) years, the diagnosis age was (59.4±7.9) years, the dust exposure duration was (17.9±8.0) years, and the incubation period was (33.1±10.3) years. The initial dust exposure age and the dust exposure duration in female patients were less than those in men, and the incubation period was longer than that in men (P<0.05). The imaging analysis showed the small opacities as"pp"accounted for 54.2%. 82 patients (76.6%) had small opacities distributed in two lung areas. The lung areas distribution of small opacities in female patients was less than that in male patients (2.04±0.19 vs 2.41±0.69, P<0.001). There were 57 cases of normal pulmonary function, 41 cases of mild abnormality and 9 cases of moderate abnormality. The number of lung regions with small opacities on X-ray was the risk factor for abnormal lung function in cement pneumoconiosis patients (OR=2.491, 95%CI=1.197-5.183, P=0.015) . Conclusion: The patients with occupational cement pneumoconiosis had long dust exposure duration and incubation period, light imaging changes and pulmonary function damage. The abnormal lung function was related to the range of pulmonary involvement.

Hot water washing processing technology of Euodiae Fructus based on change laws of active components and tastes / 中国中药杂志

In order to establish the standardized processing technology of the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus, this study, based on the traditional processing method of hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus recorded in ancient works and modern processing specifications of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, took the yield of decoction pieces and the content of main components as the indicators and optimized the processing conditions by orthogonal test based on the results of single factor investigation. At the same time, electronic tongue technology was used to analyze the change law of the taste index of Euodiae Fructus during the hot water washing. The results of the single factor investigation showed that the content of the main components in Euodiae Fructus showed some regular changes during the processing. Specifically, the content of chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, and dehydroevodiamine decreased significantly, with average decreases of-23.75%,-27.80%,-14.04%,-14.03%, and-13.11%, respectively. The content of limonin increased significantly with an average increase of 19.83%. The content of evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine, and dihydroevocarpine showed fluctuating changes and generally increased, with average variation amplitudes of 0.54%,-3.78%, 2.69%, and 5.13%, respectively. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum processing parameters for the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus were as follows: washing time of 2 min, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10 g·mL~(-1), washing temperature of 80 ℃, washing once, and drying at 50 ℃. After the hot water washing processing, the average yield of Euodiae Fructus pieces was 94.80%. The content of limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine was higher than those of raw pro-ducts, and the average transfer rates were 102.56%, 103.15%, and 105.16%, respectively. The content of dehydroevodiamine was lower than that of the raw products, and the average transfer rate was 83.04%. The results of taste analysis showed that the hot water washing could significantly reduce the salty, astringent, and bitter tastes of Euodiae Fructus. This study revealed the influence of the hot water washing on the content of main components and taste of Euodiae Fructus, and the processing technology of the hot water was-hing of Euodiae Fructus established in this study was stable, feasible, and suitable for industrial production, which laid a foundation for clarifying its processing principle and improving the quality standard and clinical application value of decoction pieces.

Medicinal evolution and modern research progress on Mume Fructus / 中国中药杂志

Prunus mume is an edible and medicinal material, and Mume Fructus is its processed product, which was first recorded in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing). It is an effective drug for stopping diarrhea with astringents and promoting fluid production to quiet ascaris. By consulting the ancient herbal works of the past dynasties, modern codes, and other rela-ted literature, this paper sorted out the medicinal evolution of Mume Fructus, examined the ancient efficacy of Mume Fructus and the main indications, and summarized the inclusion of Mume Fructus in national and provincial standards. It is recorded in the ancient herbal works of the past dynasties that Mume Fructus can be processed by various methods such as roasting, stir-frying or micro-frying, stir-frying with charcoal, single steaming, steaming with wine, and steaming after soaking in wine or vinegar, and prepared into pills, powders, and ointments, which are used in the treatment of fatigue, diabetes, malaria, dysentery, ascariasis, and other diseases. Mume Fructus has been included in nine editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and 19 provincial and municipal preparation specifications. The processing method of Mume Fructus is determined, namely, clean P. mume should be softened by moistening in water or steaming and pitted. By reviewing the effects of processing on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and its modern clinical application, this paper identified the following issues. The ancient application methods of Mume Fructus are diverse but less commonly used in modern times, there is a lack of standardized research on the processing, and the research on the changes caused by the difference in Mume Fructus before and after processing is not deep. Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate the change pattern of its chemical composition before and after processing and its correlation between its medicinal activity to standardize the processing technology and provide a solid basis for the use of Mume Fructus in parts and its quality control.

Role and mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor BB in thrombocytosis in Kawasaki disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the role and mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) on platelet production in Kawasaki disease (KD) mice and human megakaryocytic Dami cells through in vitro and invivo experiments.@*METHODS@#ELISA was used to measure the expression of PDGF in the serum of 40 children with KD and 40 healthy children. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of KD and were then randomly divided into a normal group, a KD group, and an imatinib group (30 mice in each group). Routine blood test was performed for each group, and the expression of PDGF-BB, megakaryocyte colony forming unit (CFU-MK), and the megakaryocyte marker CD41 were measured. CCK-8, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot were used to analyze the role and mechanism of PDGF-BB in platelet production in Dami cells.@*RESULTS@#PDGF-BB was highly expressed in the serum of KD children (P<0.001). The KD group had a higher expression level of PDGF-BB in serum (P<0.05) and significant increases in the expression of CFU-MK and CD41 (P<0.001), and the imatinib group had significant reductions in the expression of CFU-MK and CD41 (P<0.001). In vitro experiments showed that PDGF-BB promoted Dami cell proliferation, platelet production, mRNA expression of PDGFR-β, and protein expression of p-Akt (P<0.05). Compared with the PDGF-BB group, the combination group (PDGF-BB 25 ng/mL + imatinib 20 μmol/L) had significantly lower levels of platelet production, mRNA expression of PDGFR-β, and protein expression of p-Akt (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#PDGF-BB may promote megakaryocyte proliferation, differentiation, and platelet production by binding to PDGFR-β and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the PDGFR-β inhibitor imatinib can reduce platelet production, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of thrombocytosis in KD.

Nutritional status and its influencing factors in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the nutritional status and its influencing factors in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children who were diagnosed with IBD for the first time in Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021. Diagnostic delay was defined as the time from the symptom onset to IBD diagnosis being in the upper quartile (P76-P100) of all IBD children in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for emaciation and growth retardation.@*RESULTS@#A total of 125 children with newly diagnosed IBD were included, with Crohn's disease being the main type (91.2%). The rates of emaciation and growth retardation were 42.4% (53 cases) and 7.2% (9 cases), respectively, and the rate of anemia was 77.6% (97 cases). Diagnostic delay was noted in 31 children (24.8%), with the time from the symptom onset to IBD diagnosis of 366 to 7 211 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diagnostic delay was a risk factor for emaciation and growth retardation (OR=2.73 and OR=4.42, respectively; P<0.05) and that age was positively associated with emaciation (OR=1.30, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Children with newly diagnosed IBD have poor nutritional status, and the rates of anemia, emaciation, and growth retardation are high. Diagnostic delay is associated with malnutrition in children with IBD.

Targeted metabolomic analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolites in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus in response to Fusarium solani infection / 药学学报

Root rot severely restricts the sustainable development of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AMM) industry. Resistance breeding is an economical and environmentally safe way to manage the disease and its key lies in the obtaining of resistance indicators. This study aimed to quickly and accurately screen the resistance-related (RR) metabolites so as to provide reference for the screening of indicators of AMM breeding for resistance. LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics and real-time quantitative PCR technology were employed, in combination with multivariate statistical analysis, in analyzing the dynamic changes of phenylpropanoid metabolites in AMM in response to root rot pathogen Fusarium solani (FS) infection and identifying the differential metabolites. The LC-MS method established showed high sensitivity; each metabolite had a good linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.968 9) in the corresponding linear range of the respective standard curve; the recoveries and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 6) ranged from 70% to 107% and from 1.2% to 9.9%, respectively. Obvious disturbances were observed in the changes of the targeted metabolites in AMM infected by FS. These metabolites, compared with the mock-inoculated (CK) group, showed different up or down regulation with time series. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ononin, calycosin and formononetin were identified as differential metabolites, and they all belong to flavonoids. The first three compounds were significantly negatively correlated (r ≤ -0.97, P < 0.05) with the content of FS in the root of AMM. As potential RR metabolites, they are helpful in obtaining promising resistance indicators for AMM against FS infection.

Clinical research of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 in China, and to improve the understanding of MIS-C among pediatricians. Methods: Case series study.Collect the clinical characteristics, auxiliary examinations, treatment decisions, and prognosis of 64 patients with MIS-C from 9 hospitals in China from December 2022 to June 2023. Results: Among the 64 MIS-C patients, 36 were boys and 28 were girls, with an onset age being 2.8 (0.3, 14.0) years. All patients suffered from fever, elevated inflammatory indicators, and multiple system involvement. Forty-three patients (67%) were involved in more than 3 systems simultaneously, including skin mucosa 60 cases (94%), blood system 52 cases (89%), circulatory system 54 cases (84%), digestive system 48 cases (75%), and nervous system 24 cases (37%). Common mucocutaneous lesions included rash 54 cases (84%) and conjunctival congestion and (or) lip flushing 45 cases (70%). Hematological abnormalities consisted of coagulation dysfunction 48 cases (75%), thrombocytopenia 9 cases (14%), and lymphopenia 8 cases (13%). Cardiovascular lesions mainly affected cardiac function, of which 11 patients (17%) were accompanied by hypotension or shock, and 7 patients (12%) had coronary artery dilatation.Thirty-six patients (56%) had gastrointestinal symptoms, 23 patients (36%) had neurological symptoms. Forty-five patients (70%) received the initial treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin in combination with glucocorticoids, 5 patients (8%) received the methylprednisolone pulse therapy and 2 patients (3%) treated with biological agents, 7 patients with coronary artery dilation all returned to normal within 6 months. Conclusions: MIS-C patients are mainly characterized by fever, high inflammatory response, and multiple organ damage. The preferred initial treatment is intravenous immunoglobulin combined with glucocorticoids. All patients have a good prognosis.

Treatment advice of small molecule antiviral drugs for elderly COVID-19 / 中国药理学通报

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

Application of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

SGLT2 inhibitors currently have clear benefits in the treatment of heart failure whether combined with diabetes or not. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction leads to the occurrence and development of heart failure, and eventually leads to death. There are relatively few studies on SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with myocardial infarction. The purpose of this article is to review the research progress of SGLT2 inhibitors application before and after myocardial infarction.

Mechanism of action and exogenous supplementation of vitamin D in Crohn's disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

Vitamin D can not only regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but also exert an immunoregulatory effect. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Studies have shown that vitamin D is associated with CD and other autoimmune diseases and can improve the condition of patients with CD and promote their recovery by regulating intestinal immunity, repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibiting intestinal fibrosis, enhancing the response to infliximab, and regulating intestinal microbiota. Exogenous vitamin D supplementation can induce disease remission while increasing the serum level of vitamin D. However, only a few randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials have investigated the therapeutic effect of vitamin D in CD, and the optimal form of vitamin D supplementation, the specific dosage of vitamin D supplementation, and the optimal serum maintenance concentration of vitamin D remain to be clarified. This article mainly discusses the mechanism of action of vitamin D in CD and the beneficial effect of exogenous vitamin D supplementation on CD.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter from poultry in the Jiaodong area / 中国人兽共患病学报

This study was aimed to understand the current status of the antimicrobial resistance and molecular distribution of Campylobacter in various poultry in Jiaodong area,to provide a basis for effective prevention and control of the Campy-lobacter risk to poultry products and human health.Campylobacter was isolated and identified from 565 cloacal samples collect-ed in the Jiaodong area from August to October 2021 through conventional bacterial isolation and culture,mass spectrometry,microbroth dilution and multilocus sequence typing(MLST).The drug resistance and molecular typing of 131 representative strains(67 Campylobacter jejuni and 64 Campylobacter coli)were studied separately.Antimicrobial resistance analysis indica-ted that 131 isolates were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin,nalixic acid and tetracycline,with resistance rates of 96.21％,96.21％and 95.45％,respectively.Except for 2 strains,62 strains of C.coli were completely resistant to these three drugs(100％).A total of 65 strains of 131 strains were multidrug re-sistant,and the overall multidrug resistance rate was 49.62％,among which 11 strains(16.42％)of C.jejuni were resistance to 3-5 antibiotics,and 54 strains(84.38％)of C.coli were re-sistance to 3-6 antibiotics.Among the isolates from different poultry sources,waterfowl isolates were the most resistant,fol-lowed by broiler isolates.The MLST typing results revealed 72 alleles and 35 sequence types obtained from 67 strains of C.je-juni,and the distribution was relatively dispersed,without a dominant ST type and homologous complex.A total of 27 alleles and 19 sequence types were obtained from 64 strains of C.coli.Moreover,59.38％(38/64)strains were homologous complex CC-828,in which the ST-1586 sequence type was most frequent,followed by ST-825.ST-1586,ST-9944 and ST-3735 were the main sources of C.coli in broilers,and ST-825 and ST-1586 were the main sources of C.coli in waterfowl.Differences in C.jejuni and C.coli carriage were observed among poultry in the Jiaodong area.Carriage of the two bacteria was more common in laying hens than in broilers and waterfowl.C.jejuni from poultry in the Jiaodong area was highly resistant to ciprofloxacin,nalixic acid and tetracycline,but had good sensitivity to other drugs.C.coli was highly resistant to a variety of antibiotics,and multiple drug resistance was common.St-type dispersal of C.jejuni showed high genetic diversity.C.coli was cloned and transmitted mainly by ST-1586 in broiler chickens and waterfowl.Poultry carry C.jejuni,which can cause serious diseases in humans.Therefore,dynamic monitoring of Campylobacter from poultry should be strengthened.

Clinical characteristics of 308 febrile neonates with enterovirus infection / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of enterovirus infection and its clinical characteristics in neonatal febrile cases.Methods:A total of 308 neonates in the neonatal ward of Kunming Children′s Hospital with febrile symptoms from March 2018 to February 2019 were selected for the study.Fecal specimens and some (271) cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from all neonates.Enterovirus was respectively detected in feces and cerebrospinal fluid by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.The rate of enterovirus infection in febrile neonates was clarified.They were divided into enterovirus infection group ( n=91) and no enterovirus infection group ( n=217). The clinical data of the subjected neonates in the two groups were analyzed and the clinical manifestations of the neonates and their laboratory findings were compared statistically. Results:Ninety-one enteroviruses (90 enterovirus were general type, and 1 was coxsackievirus A16 type) were detected in 308 children, accounting for 29.55% of all neonates.Viral RNA was detected in only 1 case [0.37% (1/271)]of all examined cerebrospinal fluid specimens, which was significantly lower than the detection rate of 29.55% (91/308) in fecal specimens.There were no fatal cases, but there was one severe case in enterovirus infection group.Except for the severe case which was discharged automatically, all of them improved or healed and discharged from hospital.The clinical manifestations of the enterovirus infection group were non-specific statistically compared with the non-enterovirus infection group(all P>0.05), except for respiratory symptoms and skin rash(all P<0.05). The incidence of enterovirus infection was significantly seasonal[83.52%(76/91)in summer and autumn]. Conclusion:In the epidemic season of enterovirus, it is recommended to list fecal enterovirus as a routine test item to improve the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis and treatment, and avoid the application of unnecessary antibiotics and the outbreak of enterovirus in the neonatal ward.

Clinical features of intestinal polyps and risk factors for secondary intussusception in children: an analysis of 2 669 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical features of intestinal polyps and the risk factors for secondary intussusception in children.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of 2 669 children with intestinal polyps. According to the presence or absence of secondary intussusception, they were divided into two groups: intussusception (n=346) and non-intussusception (n=2 323). Related medical data were compared between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for secondary intussusception.@*RESULTS@#Among the children with intestinal polyps, 62.42% were preschool children, and the male/female ratio was 2.08∶1; 92.66% had hematochezia as disease onset, and 94.34% had left colonic polyps and rectal polyps. There were 346 cases of secondary intussusception, with an incidence rate of 12.96% (346/2 669). Large polyps (OR=1.644, P<0.001), multiple polyps (≥2) (OR=6.034, P<0.001), and lobulated polyps (OR=93.801, P<0.001) were the risk factors for secondary intussusception.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intestinal polyps in children often occur in preschool age, mostly in boys, and most of the children have hematochezia as disease onset, with the predilection sites of the left colon and the rectum. Larger polyps, multiple polyps, and lobulated polyps may increase the risk of secondary intussusception, and endoscopic intervention is needed as early as possible to improve prognosis.

Effects of curcumin on memory follicular T cells in obese mice with colitis / 药学学报

This study evaluated the regulatory effect of curcumin on memory follicular T cells (mTf) in obese mice with ulcerative colitis on the basis of determining its effective treatment of ulcerative colitis in obese mice. Forty male leptin mutant (ob/ob) mice were randomly divided into control group, control + curcumin group, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) group and DSS + curcumin group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in the DSS group and the DSS + curcumin group were induced by DSS to establish chronic ulcerative colitis model, and mice in the control + curcumin group and the DSS + curcumin group were given curcumin (200 mg·kg-1·d-1) by intragastric administration. Mice were sacrificed under anesthesia, and colon mass index, colon length and other conditions were observed in each group. Pathological injury of colonic was performed after HE staining. The levels of memory follicular helper T cells (mTfh) and memory follicular regulatory T cells (mTfr) in spleen of mice were detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in colon tissue were detected by ELISA. The results showed that curcumin significantly increased the body weight and colon length of obese mice with colitis, and decreased the colon weight, colon mass index and pathological score (P < 0.05). Curcumin significantly reduced the levels of central memory follicular T cells (cmTf), mTfh1, mTfh17 cells and the content of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A (P < 0.01). The levels of effector memory follicular T cells (emTf) and mTfr and the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Therefore, curcumin may treat colitis in obese mice by regulating the balance of mTf cell subsets.