A study on the correlation between smoking and non-enzymatic antioxidant factors of the saliva of healthy smokers and non-smokers / Estudo da correlação entre fumo e fatores antioxidantes não-enzimáticos na saliva de pacientes saudáveis fumantes e não fumantes

Objective: Smoking is among the most destructive habits which have numerous effects on the body.The chemical components of cigarettes destroy the anti-oxidant content of the saliva.In this study, the concentration of albumin and uric acid of healthy non-smokers and smokers was measured based on the frequency of smoking. Material and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 26 heavy smokers, 27 normal smokers, and 29 non-smokers between the ages of 25 to 40 were selected.The subjects did not suffer from any systemic or periodontal conditions.Unstimulated saliva was collected by spitting. The level of salivary albumin was measured by Bromocresol Green, and the level of salivary uric acid was measured by the uricase method.The selected method of analysis, using SPSS software, was One-Way ANOVA. Results: Mean albumin content of saliva was 33.52 ± 1.52 mg/dl in non-smokers and 23.88 ± 8.93 mg/dl in heavy smokers.The mean uric acid concentration in non-smokers was 2.98 ± 0.79 µmol/L and in heavy smokers was 2.32 ± 0.77 mg/dL.The differences between levels of both salivary uric acid and salivary albumin were significant in heavy smokers and non-smokers(P=0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, saliva concentrations of both Albumin and Uric Acid change based on the frequency of smoking.Decreased level of salivary albumin and decreased level of salivary uric acid can be considered as markers of the harmful effects of smoking on oral health. (AU)

Objetivo: Tabagismo está entre os hábitos mais deletérios, que causam inúmeros efeitos no organismo. Os componentes químicos do cigarro destroem os compostos anti-oxidantes da saliva. Neste estudo, a concentração de albumina e ácido úrico em pacientes saudáveis fumantes e não-fumantes foi mensurada e correlacionada coma frequência de fumo. Material e Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, 26 fumantes pesados, 27 fumantes moderados, e 29 não fumantes entre 25 e 40 anos foram incluídos. Os participantes não apresentavam nenhuma condição sistêmica ou periodontal. Saliva não estimulada foi coletada. Os níveis salivares de albumina foram avaliados por Verde de bromocresol, e o nível de ácido úrico foi mensurado pelo método de uricase. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se One-way ANOVA no software SPSS. Resultados: A albumina salivar foi de 33.52 ±1.52 mg/dl nos não-fumantes e 23.88 ± 8.93 mg/dl nos fumantes pesados. A concentração média de ácido úrico em não-fumantes foi de 2.98 ± 0.79 µmol/L e em pacientes fumantes pesados de 2.32 ± 0.77 mg/dL. As diferenças entre os níveis de ambos, ácido úrico e albumina, foi significante entre fumantes pesados e não-fumantes (p=0.001). Conclusão: Baseados nos achados deste estudo, concentrações salivares de albumina e ácido úrico baseados na frequência de fumo. A diminuição dos níveis salivares de albumina e ácido úrico podem ser considerados marcadores dos efeitos nocivos do cigarro na saúde oral(AU)

Comparison of total antioxidant capacity of saliva in men based on daily cigarette consumption / Comparação da capacidade antioxidante total da saliva em homens com base no consumo diário de cigarros

Objectives: Antioxidants play an important role in neutralizing of destructive effects of free oxygen and nitrogen radicals. There are contradictory results regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and total antioxidant capacity of saliva. In this study, the total antioxidant capacity of saliva has been compared in normal smokers, heavy smokers and non-smokers. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 28 heavy male smokers (more than one pack of cigarettes per day), 28 normal male smokers (less than one pack of cigarettes per day), and 28 male non-smokers aged 25 to 40 years old entered the study. Unstimulated saliva was collected by Spitting method. The total antioxidant capacity of saliva was measured using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean total antioxidant capacity of saliva in male non-smokers was 0.0598 ± 0.08 µmol / L, in normal male smokers was 0.049 ± 0.04 µmol / L, and in heavy male smokers was 0.0388 ± 0.035 µmol / L, which did not show any significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that smoking does not have a significant effect on total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smokers (AU)

Objetivos: Os antioxidantes desempenham um papel importante na neutralização dos efeitos destrutivos do oxigênio livre e dos radicais de nitrogênio. Existem resultados contraditórios entre a relação do tabagismo e a capacidade antioxidante total da saliva. Neste estudo, a capacidade antioxidante total da saliva foi comparada em fumantes normais, fumantes pesados e não fumantes. Material e métodos: Neste estudo transversal, 28 fumantes pesados (mais de um maço de cigarros por dia), 28 fumantes normais (menos de um maço de cigarros por dia) e 28 homens não fumantes com idade entre 25 e 40 anos de idade foram incluídos no estudo. A saliva não estimulada foi coletada pelo método Spitting. A capacidade antioxidante total da saliva foi medida usando o ensaio de poder antioxidante redutor férrico. Estatística descritiva, ANOVA e testes de Tukey foram usados para analise dos dados.Resultados: A capacidade antioxidante total média da saliva em não fumantes do sexo masculino foi de 0,0598 ± 0,08 µmol / L, em fumantes normais do sexo masculino foi de 0,049 ± 0,04 µmol / L, e em fumantes pesados do sexo masculino foi de 0,0388 ± 0,035 µmol / L, e não foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos (P> 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que o tabagismo não tem efeito significativo na capacidade antioxidante total da saliva em fumantes (AU)

Association of serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D with oral lichen planus: a case-control study / Asociación del nivel sérico de 25-hidroxi vitamina D con el liquen plano oral: un estudio de casos y controles

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem that can be a risk factor for a broad range of diseases such as some autoimmune diseases. Due to the autoimmune base of lichen planus, it seems that a reduction of the serum level of vitamin D is related to lichen planus. In this study, we investigate the relation between serum level of vitamin D and oral lichen planus patients (OLP). Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 35 patients with OLP (including 15 men and 20 women) and 70 healthy volunteers (including 35 men and 35 women), aged between 30-60 years old, referred to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences were investigated. None of these volunteers had systemic diseases. Vitamin D levels were measured with ELFA (Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay) and the data was analyzed using the chi-squared test and t-test. Results: The mean serum level of vitamin D in the control group was 23.7±9ng/ml and in the case group was 18.12±8/7ng/ml. The results show that the serum level of vitamin D in patients with OLP is significantly less than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the serum level of vitamin D in patients with OLP was significantly lower than that of healthy people.

Introducción: La deficiencia de vitamina D es un problema de salud global que puede ser un factor de riesgo para una amplia gama de enfermedades, como algunas enfermedades autoinmunes. Debido a la base autoinmune del liquen plano, parece que una reducción del nivel sérico de vitamina D está relacionada con el liquen plano. En este estudio, investigamos la relación entre el nivel sérico de vitamina D y los pacientes con liquen plano oral (LPO). Material y Métodos: En este estudio de casos y controles, 35 pacientes con LPO (incluidos 15 hombres y 20 mujeres) y 70 voluntarios sanos (incluidos 35 hombres y 35 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 30 y 60 años, remitieron a la Universidad de Medicina de Qazvin. Se investigaron las ciencias. Ninguno de estos voluntarios padecía enfermedades sistémicas. Los niveles de vitamina D se midieron con ELFA (ensayo fluorescente ligado a enzimas) y los datos se analizaron utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la prueba t. Resultados: El nivel sérico medio de vitamina D en el grupo de control fue de 23,7 ± 9 ng / ml y en el grupo de casos fue de 18,12 ± 8/7 ng / ml. Los resultados muestran que el nivel sérico de vitamina D en pacientes con OLP es significativamente menor que en el grupo de control (p<0.05). Conclusión: De acuerdo con los resultados, el nivel sérico de vitamina D en pacientes con LPO fue significativamente menor que en personas sanas.

Relationship between antifungal susceptibility profile and virulence factors in Candida albicans isolated from nail specimens

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate some virulence factors in Candida albicans isolates from patients with onychomycosis and determine the correlation between these factors and the antifungal resistance profile. METHODS: Seventy species of C. albicans were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the HWP1 gene. According to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the susceptibility profile of four antifungal agents was investigated, and the production of aspartyl protease, phospholipase, haemolysin, and biofilm was determined. The correlation between these profiles was also investigated. RESULTS: The isolates indicated different levels of resistance and production of virulence factors. Significant correlations were observed between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole/itraconazole and biofilm production, between phospholipase production and fluconazole/itraconazole MIC, and between fluconazole MIC and hemolytic activity in C. albicans isolates. The results also showed significant correlations between phospholipase activity and biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of C. albicans and characterize the relationship between virulence factors and antifungal resistance, which may suggest new therapeutic strategies considering the possible involvement of the virulence mechanism in the effectiveness of treatment.