Uso del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje para Mejorar la Práctica Docente y la Motivación de los Estudiantes en Anatomía: Una Propuesta de Intervención

En la asignatura de anatomía aún existen estudiantes que no se encuentran motivados con su propio proceso de aprendizaje. El rol del docente es un factor extrínseco clave que contribuye a dicha vinculación afectiva. El Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) es un modelo educativo que propone una serie de pautas de aplicación docente para poder activar en los alumnos sus redes neuronales afectivas, asociadas con la formación de estudiantes decididos y motivados. El objetivo de este estudio es crear una propuesta de intervención, basada en el uso selectivo de las pautas de compromiso afectivo del DUA, para mejorar la práctica docente y la motivación de los estudiantes en anatomía. Es una investigación acción que utiliza el modelo de Whitehead, implicando el cruce conceptual y metodológico entre las pautas de compromiso afectivo del DUA y las fases y factores que determinan la motivación. Corresponde a la programación de seis sesiones de laboratorio de anatomía, los instrumentos para la recopilación de la información y las técnicas de análisis de la misma. La propuesta de intervención presenta un valor teórico ya que fue diseñada a partir de un análisis exhaustivo del DUA y de las publicaciones existentes sobre la motivación, y un valor práctico que se sustenta en su aplicabilidad directa y recursiva en los laboratorios de anatomía y en la incorporación del DUA en el currículum de una asignatura de educación superior. La motivación es el motor de la educación, ya que impulsa y mantiene el quehacer académico tanto a nivel estudiantil como docente. El DUA permite que los docentes aborden la desmotivación de los estudiantes de una forma accesible, precisa y confiable, lo que llevó a considerarlo como uno de los pilares de la propuesta de intervención.

SUMMARY: In anatomy courses there are still students who are not motivated by their own learning process. The teacher´s role is a key extrinsic factor that contributes to this bonding process. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is an educational model that proposes a series of teaching application guidelines to activate students' affective neural networks, associated with the formation of motivated students. The objective of this study is to create an intervention proposal, based on the selective use of the UDL affective commitment guidelines, to improve teaching practice and student motivation in anatomy. It is an action research that uses Whitehead's model, involving the conceptual and methodological intersection between the UDL's affective commitment guidelines and the phases and factors that determine motivation. It corresponds to the programming of six anatomy laboratory sessions, the instruments for collecting information and the techniques for analyzing it. The intervention proposal has a theoretical value since it was designed based on an exhaustive analysis of the UDL and existing publications on motivation, and a practical value that is based on its direct and recursive applicability in anatomy laboratories and in the incorporation of the UDL in the curriculum of a higher education subject. Motivation is the driving force of education, since it drives and maintains academic work at both the student and teacher level. The UDL allows teachers to address student lack of motivation in an accessible, precise and reliable way, considering this one of the pillars of the intervention proposal.

Aprendizaje en investigación clínica: experiencia de enseñanza híbrida con estudiantes de medicina / Learning in Clinical Research: Hybrid Teaching Experience with Medical Students

Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 indujo un cambio en nuestro sistema de salud y de educación. Los programas formativos también tuvieron que adaptarse y exigieron un cambio rápido. Objetivos: describir una experiencia educativa de enseñanza virtual/híbrida en investigación clínica, entre docentes del Servicio de Clínica de un hospital universitario y estudiantes de Medicina de una institución privada, que participaron del Programa ESIN (EStudiantes en INvestigación). Metodología: los contenidos y las estrategias educativas incluyeron las clases teóricas audiograbadas o videograbadas (asincrónicas y autoadministradas), el aprendizaje basado en proyectos, los talleres prácticos (encuentros sincrónicos virtuales y grupales), mediante la adopción de modelos de aprendizaje como el aula invertida, y la tutoría individual entre docente-estudiante. Los datos se recopilaron mediante la observación en contextos académicos, y basándonos en elementos de encuestas anónimas de satisfacción, previo consentimiento informado de los participantes. Resultados: participaron 14 estudiantes, 6 durante el año 2021 y 8 durante 2022. Todas mujeres y estudiantes de medicina (50% de cuarto año, 35% de sexto año y 15% de quinto año). Las técnicas implementadas favorecieron la participación y promovieron el aprendizaje activo, basado en proyectos. Mencionaron aspectos positivos como el enfoque académico práctico, la disponibilidad del equipo docente para atender cualquier duda, el tiempo y el entusiasmo por enseñar y fomentar la participación. Los videos teóricos resultaron útiles como herramientas de repaso, y los encuentros grupales fueron especialmente valorados, si bien los encuentros individuales fueron destacados como ayuda y apoyo previo a los congresos científicos. En general, manifestaron que fue una experiencia enriquecedora que demostró que se puede lograr lo que se creía imposible. Todas participaron activamente de al menos un congreso científico, y el 50% resultó coautora de una publicación académica. Conclusión: los estudiantes asumieron compromisos y responsabilidades, e incorporaron competencias y habilidades en la implementación y en la difusión de los proyectos. Esta experiencia educativa facilitó que el tiempo de clase pudiera optimizarse para intercambio, discusión y dudas. Los recursos producidos, las actividades desarrolladas y los contenidos abordados quedan disponibles a nivel institución. (AU)

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a change in our health and education system. Training programs also had to adapt and required rapid change. Objectives: to describe an educational experience of virtual/hybrid teaching in clinical research between teachers of the Clinical Service of a university hospital and medical students of a private institution who participated in the ESIN Program (Students in Research). Methodology: the contents and educational strategies included audio or videotaped lectures (asynchronous and self-administered), project-based learning, practical workshops (virtual and group synchronous meetings) by adopting learning models such as the inverted classroom, and individual tutoring between teacher and student. We gathered the data through observation in academic contexts and based on elements of anonymous satisfaction surveys, with prior informed consent of participants. Results: fourteen students participated, six in 2021 and eight in 2022. All were women and medical students (50% fourth year, 35% sixth year, and 15% fifth year). The techniques implemented favored participation and promoted active, project-based learning. They mentioned positive aspects such as the practical academic approach, the availability of the teaching team for any doubts, the time and enthusiasm for teaching, and encouraging participation. The theory videos were a valuable review tool, and team meetings received high praise even if the one-on-one meetings received much attention as help and support before the scientific congresses. In general, they stated that it was an enriching experience that showed that you can achieve what you thought impossible. All of them actively participated in at least one scientific congress, and 50% were co-authors of an academic publication. Conclusion: the students assumed commitments and responsibilities and incorporated competencies and skills in project implementation and dissemination. This educational experience helped to optimize class time for exchange, discussion, and doubts. The resources produced, the activities developed, and the contents addressed are now available at the institutional level. (AU)

Reflexões sobre o estágio em docência como instrumento formativo do professor universitário: um relato de experiência / Reflections on the teaching internship as a training instrument for university professor: an experience report / Reflexiones sobre la práctica docente como instrumento de formación del profesor universitario: un relato de experiencia

Introdução:A formação de professores é um processo dinâmico que deve ser composto por experiências práticas e teóricas no preparodo discente ao magistério. Desse modo, a compreensão das reflexões relativas ao estágio em docência assistida no âmbito do ensino superior é de suma importância para enriquecer os debates e discussões acerca do papel do estágio em docência como ferramenta formativa do professor universitário. Objetivo:Refletir sobreas experiências vivenciadas durante atividades desenvolvidas noestágio de docência assistidaea importância para a formação pedagógica no ensino superior. Metodologia:Trata-se de um relato de experiênciado estágio emdocência decorrido no segundo semestre de 2022, na disciplina de Fundamentos em epidemiologia e saúde pública do curso de Graduação em Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte.Resultados: No presente estudo, foram descritas e analisadas as etapas da experiência do estágio em docência, enfocando as perspectivas, aprendizados e aspirações sob a ótica da literatura científica sobre o papel formativo do estágio para o professor universitário. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a significânciadas contribuições dessa vivência para o crescimento acadêmico e profissional dos mestrandos. No entanto, salienta-se a necessidade de incorporar ou revisar elementos curriculares, visando promover uma integração mais aprofundada entre as dimensões teóricas e práticas no preparo dos alunos para a docência no ensino superior. Conclusões: O estágio de docência assistida representa uma ferramenta formativa de suma importância, singular e enriquecedora na construção das experiências profissionais e pessoais na formação de professores (AU).

Introduction: Teacher education is a dynamic process that must be composed of practical and theoretical experiences in preparing students to teach. Thus, understanding the reflections related to the internship in assisted teaching in higher education is of paramount importance to enrich the debates and discussions about the role of the internship in teaching as a training tool for university professors.Objective: To reflect on the experiences lived during activities developed in the assisted teaching internship and the importance for pedagogical training in higher education. Methodology: This is an experience report of the teaching internship that took place in the second half of 2022, in the subject of Fundamentals in epidemiology and public health of the Graduation course in Physiotherapy at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte.Results: In this study, we described and analyzed the stages of the teaching practicum experience, focusing on perspectives, learnings, and aspirations from the perspective of the scientific literature on the formative role of the teaching practicum for university professors. The obtained results highlight the significance of the contributions of this experience for the academic and professional growth of the participants. However, it is emphasized the need to incorporate or revise curriculum elements to promote a more profound integration of theoretical and practical dimensions in preparing students for teaching in higher education.Conclusions: The supervised teaching practicum represents a valuable, unique, and enriching formative tool in the development of professional and personal experiences in teacher education (AU).

Introducción: La formación docente es un proceso dinámico que debe estar compuesto de experiencias prácticas y teóricas en la preparación de los estudiantes para enseñar. Por lo tanto, comprender las reflexiones relacionadas con la pasantía en la docencia asistida en laeducación superior es de suma importancia para enriquecer los debates y discusiones sobre el papel de la pasantía en la docencia como herramienta de formación de profesores universitarios. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre las experiencias vividas durante las actividades desarrolladas en el internado docente asistido y la importancia para la formación pedagógica en la educación superior.Metodología: Se trata de un relato de experiencia de la pasantía docente que tuvo lugar en el segundo semestre de 2022, en la asignatura de Fundamentos en epidemiología y salud pública del curso de Graduación en Fisioterapia de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte.Resultados: En este estudio, describimos y analizamos las etapas de la experiencia de práctica docente, enfocando perspectivas, aprendizajes y aspiraciones desde la perspectiva de la literatura científica sobre el papel formativo de la práctica docente para profesoresuniversitarios. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la importancia de los aportes de esta experiencia para el crecimiento académico y profesional de los participantes. Sin embargo, se enfatiza la necesidad de incorporar o revisar elementos curriculares parapromover una integración más profunda de las dimensiones teóricas y prácticas en la preparación de los estudiantes para la docencia en la educación superior. Conclusiones: La práctica docente supervisada representa una herramienta formativa valiosa, únicay enriquecedora en el desarrollo de experiencias profesionales y personales en la formación docente (AU).

Protocolo de osteotecnia aplicado a manos humanas

R E S U M E N El estudio del componente osteoarticular de la mano humana, requiere de estrategias didácticas que le permitan al estudiante comprender sus relaciones y accidentes óseos. La osteotecnia, permite obtener modelos óseos y facilita el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante al tener un acercamiento real con las piezas. El objetivo fue presentar un protocolo de osteotecnia aplicado a manos humanas. Este trabajo se realizó en el laboratorio de anatomía del Departamento de Morfología de la Universidad del Valle en Cali - Colombia; se utilizaron cuatro manos humanas entregadas en custodia por el Instituto Nacional de medicina legal y ciencias forenses. El protocolo se desarrolló en dos fases; fase I, manejo de tejidos blandos y fase II, manejo de tejido óseo. Se obtuvieron cuatro modelos anatómicos del componente óseo de la mano: dos articulados y dos desarticulados para uso académico. Con la aplicación del protocolo no solo se obtuvo modelos anatómicos óseos de larga durabilidad que benefician a los estudiantes y al docente en las clases teórico-prácticas; si no, el estudiante ejecutor que profundizó en el conocimiento de este segmento corporal durante y después del desarrollo de la técnica.

The study of the osteoarticular component of the human hand requires didactic strategies which enable the student to understand its osseous relationships and related accidents. Osteotechnics, permits the use of bone models, and facilitate a student's learning process by having access to real pieces. The objective was to present an osteotechnical protocol applied to human hands This study was carried out in the anatomy laboratory of the Morphology Department of the Universidad del Valle in Cali, Colombia, four human hands handed over to the custody of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences were used the protocol was developed in two phases: Phase I: handling of soft tissues; Phase II: handling of bone tissue. Of the four anatomical models of the bone component of the hand obtained, two were articulated and two disarticulated for academic use. With the application of the protocol, not only were anatomical bone models of long durability obtained, benefitting both student and teacher in the theoretical-practical classes, but also, the student who carried out the procedure deepened their knowledge of this anatomical segment during and after the development of the technique.

O estudo do componente osteoarticular da mão humana requer, estratégias didáticas que permitem ao aluno compreender suas relações e acidentes ósseos. Osteotecnia, permite obter modelos ósseos e facilita o processo de aprendizagem do aluno, tendo uma aproximação real com o peças. O objetivo foi apresentar um protocolo osteotécnico aplicado em mãos humanas. Este trabalho foi realizado no laboratório de anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia da Universidad del Valle em Cali - Colômbia. Foram utilizadas quatro mãos humanas disponibilizadas ao Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses. O protocolo foi desenvolvido em duas fases. Fase I, gerenciamento de tecidos moles. Fase II, gerenciamento de tecido ósseo. Quatro modelos anatômicos do componente ósseo do mão foram obtidos: dois articuladas e dois desarticulados para uso acadêmico. Com a aplicação do protocolo, não só foram obtidos modelos ósseos anatômicos de longa duração que beneficiam aos alunos e ao professor nas aulas teórico-práticas, mas também ao aluno executor que aprofundou no conhecimento deste segmento durante e após o desenvolvimento da técnica.

An exploratory study of the academic leagues in southern Brazil: doing multiple activities / Um estudo exploratório das ligas acadêmicas no sul do Brasil: realizando múltiplas atividades

Abstract: Introduction: Academic leagues are Brazilian student-led initiatives aimed at doing multiple extracurricular activities in a medical school. The leagues exist in almost all the universities of the country. Purpose: To characterize the activity profile of the academic leagues of a medical school. Method: Quali-quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study that collected data on academic leagues such as: year of foundation, number of members, number of teachers, types of selection and admission and activities performed. Results: Of the 52 active leagues, 27 provided data. The average number of students was 21.6 ± 10.4, ranging from 07 to a maximum of 48. Most respondents (77.8%) had only one teacher. The performed activities were mainly theoretical classes, discussion of clinical cases, practical activities, production of scientific articles, publications in social networks, solidarity activities and organization of their own events. Conclusions: Academic leagues are student-led initiatives with great potential to expand medical school actions using the existing structure. With their activities mapped and guided by management, academic leagues can be great catalysts for complementary activities and can contribute greatly to the training of new doctors.

Resumo: Introdução: Ligas acadêmicas são iniciativas de estudantes brasileiros criadas para realizar múltiplas atividades extracurriculares em uma escola médica. As ligas existem em quase todas as universidades do país. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil de atividades das ligas acadêmicas de uma escola médica. Método: Estudo descritivo transversal qualiquantitativo que coletou dados das ligas acadêmicas, como: ano de fundação, número de membros, número de professores, formas de seleção e ingresso e atividades realizadas. Resultados: Das 52 ligas ativas, 27 forneceram dados. O número médio de estudantes foi de 21,6 ± 10,4, variando entre 07 e 48. A maior parte das respondentes (77,8%) possui apenas um professor. As atividades realizadas são, majoritariamente, aulas teóricas, discussão de casos clínicos, atividades práticas, produção de artigos científicos, publicação em redes sociais, atividades de voluntariado e organização de eventos próprios. Conclusões: Ligas acadêmicas são iniciativas lideradas por estudantes com grande potencial de amplificar as ações da escola médica usando a estrutura já existente. Com suas atividades mapeadas e orientadas pela gestão da escola, as ligas acadêmicas podem ser grandes catalisadoras das atividades complementares e contribuir para a formação de novos médicos.

A study on the practice of online and offline hybrid teaching in the teaching of advanced mathematics in medical schools / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To solve the problems of medical advanced mathematics learning for medical school students, such as high difficulty, tight school hours, poor learning interest and low acceptance of students, and to actively carry out online and offline hybrid teaching mode.Methods:A total of 243 students majoring in clinical medicine, biomedical engineering and information management and information system from 6 classes in Batch 2022 were selected as the study subjects (experimental group). A hybrid online/offline teaching mode combining self-made online learning resources and MOOC teaching resources of China University was specifically adopted. Teaching objectives were set and teaching resources were uploaded according to the teaching content before the class. Super Star Learning Platform was employed to issue pre-class learning tasks to help students study before class. During the lesson, teachers taught face-to-face, and released classroom questions and quizzes on the learning platform to test the learning effect in class. It was convenient for teachers to grasp students' learning situation and took timely teaching adjustments to help students successfully complete their learning in class. After the class, we released the videos of class lectures and post-class exercises on Super Star Learning Platform to help students consolidate their learning from class. We also set up a QQ group for the course in each class to facilitate communication with students after class and to answer questions. SPSS 20.0 was used to conduct t-test. Results:The online and offline hybrid teaching effectively increased students' participation in class and greatly mobilized students' enthusiasm for learning, and the average teacher-student interaction in class increased from 6 to 10 times per session; the class attendance rate increased from 93.93% (232/247) to 97.94% (238/243); the homework submission rate increased from 92.71% (229/247) to 96.71% (235/243). After the course was finished, the final comprehensive scores of students increased from (81.27±4.56) to (89.52±3.42), with statistically significant differences ( t=8.25, P<0.001). Conclusion:The adoption of online and offline hybrid teaching not only has a benign effect on students' academic performance, but also stimulates students' enthusiasm to learn advanced mathematics to a greater extent, and subsequently expects students' ability to be further improved in applying mathematics to solve practical problems.

Buenas prácticas de supervisión de tesis de grado y posgrado

Aragón Vargas, L.F. y Matarrita Jiménez, A. (2022). Buenas prácticas de supervisión de tesis de grado y posgrado. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-19. La formación que reciben los estudiantes universitarios y, en particular, la rigurosidad con que se supervisan sus tesis, inciden directamente en la calidad de profesionales que se gradúan. Por ello, además de la importancia de prevenir problemas en la relación docente-estudiante durante el proceso de elaboración de tesis, es valioso proponer buenas prácticas para su supervisión. En este ensayo se identifican aspectos sensibles del proceso para dar recomendaciones complementarias a la labor docente, pues la mayoría de las personas que fungen como directoras de tesis no han recibido una formación concreta para esa labor; aprenden el oficio por prueba y error. Los fallos abundan y perjudican al estudiantado. En los siguientes párrafos se identifican elementos prácticos susceptibles de mejoras, particularmente, aquellos relacionados con los plazos y procedimientos para la revisión de documentos por parte del comité asesor, así como con la autoría de las publicaciones resultantes y con el papel de quienes conforman el comité asesor, su selección y su remuneración. También, se aborda el manejo de las expectativas de las personas involucradas, la labor de dirigir el trabajo de dos o más estudiantes, el nivel de supervisión que debe ejercer quien dirige la tesis y la calificación de cada una. En lugar de intentar imponer una reglamentación que, necesariamente, será intrusiva e imperfecta, se proponen buenas prácticas derivadas de experiencias positivas y negativas de los autores como tutores de más de 40 tesis. El propósito es fortalecer la integridad académica del personal docente de las universidades y mejorar la formación de profesionales.

Aragón Vargas, L.F. e Matarrita Jiménez, A. (2022). Boas práticas de supervisão de tese de graduação e pós-graduação. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-19. A formação recebida pelos estudantes universitários e, particularmente, a rigorosidade com que suas teses são supervisadas, incidem diretamente na qualidade de professionais que se formam. Portanto, além da importância de prevenir problemas na relação docente-estudante durante o processo de criação de tese, é valioso propor boas práticas para sua supervisão. Neste ensaio são identificados aspectos sensíveis do processo para dar recomendações complementares ao trabalho docente, já que a maioria das pessoas que atuam como diretoras de tese não receberam uma formação concreta para essa função; aprendem o ofício por tentativa e erro. As deficiências abundam e prejudicam os estudantes. Nos seguintes parágrafos são apontados elementos práticos suscetíveis de melhoras, particularmente, aqueles referentes aos prazos e procedimentos para a revisão de documentos por parte do comitê assessor, como também à autoria das publicações resultantes e à função daqueles que conformam esse comitê, sua seleção e remuneração. Igualmente, apresenta a gestão das expectativas das pessoas envolvidas, a função de dirigir o trabalho de dois ou mais estudantes, o nível de supervisão que deve ser exercido por quem conduz a tese e a avaliação de cada uma. Em lugar de tentar impor uma regulamentação que, necessariamente, será intrusiva e imperfeita, são propostas boas práticas derivadas de experiências positivas e negativas dos autores como tutores de mais de 40 teses. O propósito é o fortalecimento da integridade acadêmica do pessoal docente das universidades e a melhora da formação de profissionais.

Aragón Vargas, L.F. & Matarrita Jiménez, A. (2022). Best mentoring practices for undergraduate and graduate theses. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(1), 1-19. University student training, and in particular the rigor applied to the supervision of theses, have a direct impact on the quality of professionals graduating from school. For this reason, and because it is highly desirable to prevent problems in the teacher-student relationship during thesis work, a proposal of good practices for supervision is considered valuable. The purpose of this essay is to identify sensitive aspects of the process and to offer recommendations to supplement the work performed by teachers, considering that most mentors or thesis directors have not received formal training for this particular job but learn through trial and error; mistakes abound and have a negative impact on students. It is possible to identify practical elements of thesis supervision which are amenable of improvement, especially those having to do with deadlines and the process of document review performed by the thesis committee, with authorship of resulting publications, and with the role of the thesis committee members, their selection, and compensation. Managing expectations of all people involved, supervising a thesis with two or more students, the breadth and depth of supervision required of the mentor, and grading each undergraduate and graduate thesis are also considered. Instead of attempting to impose rules which will necessarily be intrusive and imperfect, a few good practices are recommended, derived from both the authors' good and bad experiences in their work as thesis mentors for over 40 students. The goal is to strengthen the academic integrity of university teachers and to improve the training of new professionals.

Construção e validação preliminar do instrumento de observação para metodologias ativas (io-ma) no ensino dos jogos esportivos coletivos / Construction and preliminary validation of the observation instrument for active methodologies (io-ma) in the teaching team sports

O objetivo do estudo foi construir e validar o Instrumento de Observação para Metodologias Ativas (IO-MA) no ensino dos Jogos Esportivos Coletivos (JEC). Para tanto, foram avaliadas as dimensões Aprendizagem Significativa (AS), Envolvimento Ativo (EA) e Cooperação Social (CS). O desenvolvimento dos indicadores de cada dimensão ocorreu por meio de consulta na literatura especializada. O processo de validação de conteúdo do instrumento foi realizado por onze especialistas doutores com experiência na área da Educação Física. A coleta dos dados ocorreu a partir da análise em vídeo de uma aula de um professor expert. A análise da fidedignidade inter-avaliadores foi realizada por sete avaliadores doutores e ampla experiência na área da Educação Física. Os dados foram analisados aplicando-se o coeficiente V de Aiken para a validação de conteúdo e o índice de concordância Kappa para fidedignidade intra e inter-avaliadores. Os resultados revelaram que o IO-MA obteve altos índices de validade de conteúdo tanto para a avaliação do instrumento global (V=0,88), quanto para as dimensões clareza de linguagem (V=0,84), pertinência prática (V=0,90) e relevância teórica (V=0,91). O IO-MA também apresentou índices considerados quase-perfeitos de fidedignidade intra (Kappa=1,00) e inter-avaliadores (Kappa=1,00). A versão final do IO-MA foi composta por 15 itens/comportamentos distribuídos em três dimensões (AS=6, EA=5, CS=4). Conclui-se que o IO-MA é um instrumento acessível e aplicável para a observação do comportamento de professores e futuros professores no que diz respeito ao uso de metodologias ativas para o ensino dos JEC no contexto brasileiro. (AU)

The aim of the study was to build and validate the Instrument of Observation for Active Methodologies (IO-MA) in the teaching of Collective Sports Games (JEC). Therefore, the dimensions of Meaningful Learning (ML), Active Involvement (AI) and Social Cooperation (SC) were evaluated. The development of indicators for each dimension took place through consultation in the specialized literature. The instrument content validation process was carried out by eleven doctorate-degree specialists with extensive experience in the field of Physical Education. Data collection occurred from video analysis of a class by an expert teacher. Subsequently, the inter-evaluator reliability analysis was carried out by seven doctorate-degree evaluators with extensive experience in the field of Physical Education. Data were analyzed by applying the Aiken V coefficient for content validation and the Kappa agreement index for intra and inter-rater interval reliability. The results showed that the IO-MA obtained high content validity rates both for the instrument in general (V=0,88), and for the dimensions clarity of language (V=0,84), practical relevance (V=0,90), theoretical relevance (V=0,91). The IO-MA also showed near-perfect indices of intra- (Kappa=1,00) and inter-rater (Kappa=1,00) reliability. The final version of the IO-MA was composed of 15 items/behaviors distributed in three dimensions (AS=6, EA=5, CS=4). It is concluded that the IO-MA is an accessible and applicable instrument for the observation of the behavior of teachers and future teachers regarding the use of active methodologies for teaching team sports games in the Brazilian context. (AU)

Ensino remoto emergencial em tempos de pandemia: Percepções de concluintes do curso de licenciatura em Educação Física da UFPR / Emergency remote education in times of pandemic: Perceptions of graduates of the Physical Education undergraduate course at UFPR / Educación remota de emergencia en tiempos de pandemia: Percepciones de los graduados del curso de licenciatura en Educación Física de la UFPR

O Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) foi adotado por algumas instituições de ensino durante a pandemia da covid-19. Objetivou-se analisar a percepção de concluintes do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física (EF) sobre o ERE. As participantes relataram ter bom ambiente para acompanhar as aulas remotas, não pensaram em trancar a matrícula/desistir do curso, mas se sentiram tristes por terem concluído pelo ERE. Foi detectada redução do interesse pelas aulas remotas e percepção que o ERE prejudicou a formação docente, além da falta de interação, distanciamento das aulas práticas e não poder estar presencialmente na escola nos estágios. A maior flexibilização de horário foi o aspecto positivo indicado (AU).

Emergency Remote Learning (ERE) was adopted by some educational institutions during the pandemic of COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the perception of graduates of the Physical Education (PE) degree course about the ERE. The participants reported having a good environment to follow the remote classes, did not think about locking the enrollment/dropping out of the course, and felt sad to have concluded by the ERE. A reduction in interest in remote classes and the perception that the distance learning program had detrimental effects on teacher education were indicated, as well as a lack of interaction, distance from practical classes, and not being able to be present in the school during internships. The positive aspect indicated was a more flexible schedule (AU).

El aprendizaje a distancia de emergencia (ERE) fue adoptado por algunas instituciones educativas durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la percepción de los egresados de la carrera de Educación Física (EF) sobre el ERE. Los participantes manifestaron tener un buen ambiente para seguir las clases a distancia, no pensaron en cerrar la matrícula/abandonar el curso y se sintieron tristes por haber concluido por el ERE. Se indicó una reducción del interés por las clases a distancia y la percepción de que la ED había perjudicado su formación docente, así como la falta de interacción, el alejamiento de las clases prácticas y el no poder estar presente en la escuela durante las prácticas. La mayor flexibilidad de horarios fue el aspecto positivo indicado (AU).

Significado del proceso atención de enfermería desde el cotidiano de enseñanza de los profesores / Meaning of the nursing care process from the teacher´s educational everyday

Introducción: El Proceso de Atención de Enfermería (PAE) constituye la herramienta metodológica de cuidado; su enseñanza y aplicación en los campos educativo y laboral requiere una formación teórico-práctica, crítica y reflexiva que posibilite al estudiante y profesional otorgar un cuidado autónomo y delimitado, confiriéndole identidad y liderazgo. Resulta pertinente comprender el importante significado de su enseñanza a la luz del concepto de cotidianidad propuesto por Henri Lefebvre. Objetivo: Analizar el significado del PAE desde la enseñanza cotidiana de los profesores de enfermería. Métodos: Fue realizado un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo a diecisiete docentes enfermeras(os) con estudios de licenciatura y posgrado en instituciones educativas de la UNAM. Se recolectó información a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad, y se llevó a cabo un análisis temático del discurso para estudiar los datos. El trabajo se apegó a criterios de ética, rigor científico y consentimiento informado. Resultados parciales / discusión: 1a Categoría: enseñanza simbólico-verbalística. 2a Categoría: enseñanza desvinculada de un marco teórico-disciplinario, en este aspecto se concuerda con Abascal R. acerca de la necesidad de asentar la enseñanza del PAE sobre bases filosóficas y éticas, y no sólo como etapas; asimismo se coincide con Souza, pues enfatiza que, para llevar a cabo un PAE eficiente, se requiere de una teoría de enfermería. Conclusiones: La enseñanza del PAE requiere por parte de los docentes identidad, conocimiento teórico-disciplinar y experiencia en su aplicación, para proyectarla como una herramienta metodológica del cuidado de enfermería y así otorgar un cuidado profesional delimitado y autónomo.

Introduction. The Nursing Process (NP) constitutes the methodological tool of care; its teaching and application in educational and professional fields requires a theoretical-practical, critical and reflective training that enables the student and practitioners to grant autonomous and delimited care, conferring identity and leadership. It is relevant to understand the importance of the NP teaching according to everyday life concept proposed by Henri Lefebvre. Goal: To analyze the meaning of the NP from the daily teaching of nursing professors' perspective. Methods: A descriptive and qualitative study was carried out to 17 nurse professors with undergraduate and postgraduate studies at UNAM. Information was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and a thematic discourse analysis was made in order to study the obtained data. The work adhered to criteria of ethics, scientific rigor and informed consent. Partial results / discussion: 1st Category: Symbolic and verbal teaching. 2nd Category: Teaching unrelated to theoretical-disciplinary framework; which coincides with Abascal R about the need to base the NP teaching on philosophical and ethical principles, instead of stages; it also agrees with Souza, since he emphasizes that a nursing theory is required to carry out an efficient NP. Conclusions: Teaching of the NP requires identity, disciplinary-theoretical knowledge and practical experience from teachers, in order to constitute a methodological tool of nursing care and to provide delimited and autonomous professional care.

Multidimensional context of technical nursing education: triangulation of meanings attributed by teachers / Contexto multidimensional de la enseñanza técnica en enfermería: triangulación de significados atribuidos por docentes / Contexto multidimensional do ensino técnico de enfermagem: triangulação de significados atribuídos por docentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To unveil and discuss the meanings attributed by teachers to the teacher-student relationship in the multidimensional context of technical nursing education. Method: Qualitative research, supported by the representational theory of meaning, carried out with nine nurses who teach the technical nursing course at a technical school linked to a federal university in the northeastern region of Brazil. Results: The following meanings were revealed: student profile; lack of preparation and financial resources; reduction in performance and even course interruption; students' disinterest and resistance; academic support and qualified structure; opportunity for grants; teachers' dedication and holistic view; respect, ethics, and interactivity; concern with student learning and performance, and heterogeneous group. Conclusion: Social and financial difficulties and students' disinterest are the limitations that most hinder teaching effectiveness. On the other hand, the teachers' holistic view, dedication, support, and the availability of resources and academic support are the main multidimensional characteristics of living in this scenario.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Desvelar y discutir los significados atribuidos por docentes sobre la relación entre profesor y alumno en el contexto multidimensional de la enseñanza técnica en enfermería. Método: Investigación cualitativa, apoyada en la teoría representacional del significado, realizada con nueve enfermeros docentes del curso técnico en enfermería de un colegio técnico vinculado a una universidad federal de la región noreste de Brasil. Resultados: Fueron desvelados los significados: perfil de los alumnos; falta de preparación y de recursos financieros; baja del rendimiento e incluso interrupción de la formación; desinterés y resistencia de los alumnos; soporte académico y estructura calificada, oportunidad de becas de auxilio; dedicación y mirada holística de los docentes, respeto, ética e interacción, preocupación por el aprendizaje y desempeño del estudiante y grupo heterogéneo. Conclusión: Dificultades sociales, financieras y el desinterés del alumnado son las limitaciones que más dificultan la efectividad de la enseñanza. Sin embargo, la mirada holística, la dedicación, el apoyo de los docentes y la disponibilidad de recursos y soporte académico, son las principales características multidimensionales de la vivencia en ese escenario.

RESUMO Objetivo: Desvelar e discutir os significados atribuídos por docentes à relação entre professor e aluno no contexto multidimensional do ensino técnico de enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, apoiada na teoria representacional do significado, realizada com nove enfermeiros docentes do curso técnico em enfermagem de um colégio técnico vinculado a uma universidade federal da região nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: Foram desvelados os significados: perfil dos alunos; falta de preparo e de recursos financeiros; queda do rendimento e até interrupção da formação; desinteresse e resistência dos alunos; suporte acadêmico e estrutura qualificada; oportunidade de bolsas de auxílio; dedicação e olhar holístico dos docentes; respeito, ética e interatividade; preocupação com o aprendizado e desempenho do estudante, e grupo heterogêneo. Conclusão: Dificuldades sociais, financeiras e o desinteresse estudantil são as limitações que mais dificultam a efetividade do ensino. Por outro lado, o olhar holístico, a dedicação, o apoio dos docentes e a disponibilidade de recursos e suporte acadêmico são as principais características multidimensionais da vivência nesse cenário.

Competencias genéricas: opinión de estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Atacama-Chile / Genericcompetences: students 'opinion of thenutrition and dieteticscareer, University of Atacama - Chile

RESUMEN Introducción: La formación basada en competencias genéricas ha llevado a las instituciones de Educación Superior a someterse a los criterios del mercado y a generar planes de estudio que respondan a estas demandas. Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los estudiantes de cuarto año de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Atacama, respecto al desarrollo de las competencias genéricas durante su formación académica. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa mediante estudio de casos. La población la conformaron 10 estudiantes curso 2017-2018, previa firma del consentimiento informado autorizado por dirección de la escuela. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un grupo focal y el análisis a través de reducción. La rigurosidad científica estuvo determinada por los criterios de rigor: credibilidad, transferibilidad, dependencia, confirmabilidad y además triangulada por investigadores. Resultados: Nivel 1 se identificaron 334 unidades de significado, las que generaron cuatro categorías descriptivas, Nivel 2, emergieron tres metacategorías, lo que originó en el Nivel 3 un dominio cualitativo: contribución del estudiantado con respecto al desarrollo de las competencias genéricas durante su proceso de formación al considerar el actual plan de estudio. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes en su mayoría no reconocen lo qué son las competencias genéricas, ni las declaradas por la carrera y Universidad. Las genéricas que mejor identifican son compromiso ético, trabajo en equipo, capacidad de aprender y de adaptarse a nuevas situaciones, comunicación oral y escrita. Entre los aspectos que facilitan su desarrollo se encuentran las estrategias metodológicas con enfoque constructivista, en tanto los que la obstaculizan se centran en la falta de aplicabilidad práctica, falta de formación docente centrada en el estudiante, la inmadurez y desmotivación como condiciones personales del estudiante.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Training based on generic competencies has led Higher Education institutions to submit to market criteria, and to generate study plans that respond to these demands. Objective: To know the opinion of the fourth-year students of the Nutrition and Dietetics career of the University of Atacama, regarding the development of generic competences during their academic training. Methods: Qualitative research by cases study was carried out. The population was made up of 10 students 2017-2018 academic year, after signing an informed consent authorized by the school's management. Data collection was done through a focus group and analysis through reduction. Scientific rigor was determined by rigorous criteria: credibility, transferability, dependence and confirmability, and also triangulated by researchers. Results: Level 1, 334 units of meaning were identified, which generated 4 descriptive categories, Level 2, 3 meta-categories emerged, originating in Level 3 a qualitative domain: contribution of the students with respect to the development of Generic Competences during their process of training considering the current Study Plan. Conclusions: The majority of students do not recognize what generic competences are, nor those declared by the career and University. The generic ones that best identify are ethical commitment, teamwork, ability to learn and adapt to new situations, oral and written communication. Among the aspects that facilitate its development are methodological strategies with a constructivist approach, while those that hinder it are mainly focused on the lack of practical applicability, lack of student-centered teacher training, and immaturity and demotivation as personal conditions of the student.

Abordagens tradicionais e centradas no jogo para o ensino dos esportes coletivos de invasão: um ensaio teórico / Traditional and game-based approaches to teaching invasion team sports: a theoretical essay / Enfoques tradicionales y centrados en el juego para la enseñanza de los deportes de invasión colectiva: un ensayo teórico

Este ensaio teve como objetivo identificar, comparar e discutir os princípios pedagógicos tradicionais e modelos contemporâneos de ensino dos jogos coletivos esportivizados (JCE). Os JCE podem ser representados como sistemas complexos e dinâmicos, nos quais as equipes são entendidas como um microssistema social. Tradicionalmente, o ensino dos JCE foi sustentado por uma visão de mundo racionalista, com propostas centradas no professor/treinador e pautadas em abordagens e princípios pedagógicos tecnicistas e comportamentalistas. Nessa perspectiva, a reprodução (receita) sobrepõe-se à criatividade (adaptação funcional). Com a mudança de paradigma de ensino dos JCE, surgiram abordagens e modelos centrados nos jogadores/alunos e pautadas no jogo. Neste ensaio, foram discutidas as fundamentações teóricas e as implicações práticas de quatro propostas: i) Ensino de Jogos para Compreensão (Teaching Games for Understanding - TGfU); ii) Modelo de Educação Esportiva (Sport Education - SE); iii) Pedagogia Não-Linear (PNL) e; iv) Pedagogia do Jogo (entendida enquanto abordagem e modelo). Por meio dos princípios pedagógicos do TGfU (seleção do tipo de jogo, modificação-representação, modificação-exagero, ajuste da complexidade tática), da PNL (representação, manipulação de restrições, acoplamento informação-movimento, aprendizagem exploratória, redução do controle consciente do movimento), do SE e/ou da Pedagogia do jogo (pedagogia da rua, ambiente de aprendizagem e ambiente de jogo, incluindo características de desafio, desequilíbrio, imprevisibilidade, representação), é possível que os jogadores/alunos aprendam jogando, podendo inclusive interferir e criar sua aula/treino. O professor/treinador, portanto, é um mediador ativo e passivo que gerencia e medeia as situações-problema e as trocas de conhecimento.

This study aimed to identify, compare, and discuss the traditional pedagogical principles and contemporary teaching models of team sports. The team sports can be represented as complex and dynamic systems, in which teams are understood as a social microsystem. Traditionally, the teaching was supported by a rationalist worldview, with teacher/coach-centered proposals and guided by technicist and behavioral pedagogical approaches. In this perspective, reproduction (recipe) overlaps creativity (functional adaptation). With the change in the teaching paradigm, emerged game-based approaches and player/student-centered. Here, the theoretical foundations and practical implications of four models were discussed: i) Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU); ii) Sport Education Model (SE); iii) Non-Linear Pedagogy (NLP) and; iv) Game Pedagogy (understood as an approach and a model). Through the pedagogical principles of TGfU (game type selection, modification-representation, modification-exaggeration, adjustment of tactical complexity), NLP (representation, manipulation of restrictions, coupling information-movement, exploratory learning, reduction of conscious control of movement), SE and/or Game Pedagogy (street pedagogy, learning environment and game environment, including characteristics of challenge, imbalance, unpredictability, representation), it is possible that players/students learn by playing, and may even interfere and create your class/ training. The teacher/coach, therefore, is an active and passive mediator who manages and mediates problem situations and knowledge exchanges.

Este ensayo tuvo como objetivo identificar, comparar y discutir los principios pedagógicos tradicionales y los modelos de enseñanza contemporáneos para los deportes de equipo. Los deportes de equipo se pueden representar como sistemas complejos y dinámicos, en los que los equipos constituyen un microsistema social. Tradicionalmente, la enseñanza de los deportes de equipo se ha apoyado en una visión racionalista, con propuestas centradas en el docente/entrenador y guiadas por enfoques y principios tecnicistas y pedagógicos conductuales. En esta perspectiva, la reproducción se superpone a la creatividad (adaptación funcional). Con el cambio en el paradigma de enseñanza de los deportes de equipo, surgieron enfoques y modelos centrados en los jugadores / estudiantes y guiados por el juego. En este ensayo se discutieron los fundamentos teóricos y las implicaciones prácticas de cuatro propuestas: i) Enseñanza de los juegos para la comprensión (Teaching Games for Understanding - TGfU); ii) Modelo de Educación Deportiva (Sport Education - SE); iii) Pedagogía no lineal (PNL) y; iv) Pedagogía del juego (entendido como enfoque y modelo). A través de los principios pedagógicos de TGfU (selección del tipo de juego, modificación-representación, modificación-exageración, ajuste de la complejidad táctica), PNL (representación, manipulación de restricciones, acoplamiento información-movimiento, aprendizaje exploratorio, reducción del control consciente del movimiento), SE y Pedagogía del juego (entorno de aprendizaje, entorno de juego, incluidas las características de desafío, desequilibrio, imprevisibilidad, representación), es posible que los jugadores aprendan jugando, e incluso pueden interferir y crear su clase / entrenamiento. El profesor / formador, por tanto, es un mediador activo y pasivo que gestiona y media en situaciones problemáticas e intercambios de conocimientos.

Evaluation on the post competency of "Academic-Practical" of clinical nursing teachers and analysis of related influencing factors / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the post competency of "Academic-Practical" of clinical nursing teachers, and analyze related influencing factors.Methods:A total of 312 "Academic-Practical" and "Non-Academic-Practial" clinical nursing teachers from The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University were surveyed by the Clinical Nursing Teacher Post Competency Evaluation Questionnaire. SPSS 20.0 software was used for t test, chi-square test and rank sum test. Results:The average self-evaluation scores of post competency of "Academic-Practical" clinical nursing teachers were (4.26±0.41) points, which were higher than those of the "Non-Academic-Practical" teachers [(3.19 ±0.50) points], showing good post competency. There were significant differences in the scores of professional quality (17.39±1.54), professional attitude (21.75±2.21), professional ability (21.14±2.31), teaching ability (50.39±5.93), interpersonal coordination ability (25.57±3.04), and personality characteristics (17.27±2.04) between the "Academic-Practical" and "Non-Academic-Practical" teachers (all P<0.01). And there were significant differences in self-evaluation post competency scores of "Academic-Practical" teachers in "with or without teacher qualification certificate" ( P=0.001), "whether she/he is the backbone of the department" ( P=0.002), degree ( P=0.001), age ( P<0.001), positional title ( P<0.001) and working year ( P<0.001) (all P<0.01). But there was no significant difference in gender ( P=0.735) and "whether she/he is a specialized nurse" ( P=0.335). Conclusion:"Academic-Practical" and "Non-Academic-Practical" medical teachers should take the post competency as the core orientation, adopt the "Ladder" mode of training and management, and constantly improve the training plan of post competencey.

Comparison of PBL and CBL combined with PCMC in standardized training of nurses in department of respiratory medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To observe and compare the teaching effects of problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) combined with problem-originated clinical medicine curriculum (PCMC) on standardized training of nurses in the department of respiratory medicine.Methods:Thirty-one standardized training nurses from the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University/Nanjing First Hospital during April 2019 to March 2020 were taken as the control group, and CBL combined with PCMC was used for teaching. Another 31 nurses from April 2020 to March 2021 were taken as the observation group, using PBL combined with PCMC teaching. Both teaching period lasted for 3 months. The examination results, their work ability before and after training and their recognition of teaching methods were compared between the two groups. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The scores of academic and practical evaluation were significantly higher in the observation group than the control group[(92.58±5.25) vs. (86.80±6.74); (90.05±6.27) vs. (85.64±7.23)]. After the training, the scores of leadership, clinical nursing, education and consultation, interpersonal relationship, legal and ethical practice, and professional development, critical thinking and scientific research and the total scores of working ability were significantly improved than before the training ( P<0.05), and the scores of the above dimensions of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). In addition, the observation group's recognition scores of teaching methods to clarify the learning focus, mobilize learning enthusiasm, broaden knowledge, enhance group collaboration, improve nurse-patient communication skills, cultivate critical thinking, and promote teacher-student communication were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of PCMC combined with PBL in the standardized training of nurses in the department of respiratory medicine not only helps to improve the assessment results, but also enhances their working ability and is recognized by them.

Student’s satisfaction survey with implementation of the curriculum of “Biology” / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background@#The purpose of this study is to investigate students' satisfaction whose were studying in the academic years 2020-2021, 2021 - 2022 with the biology curriculum at "Ach" Medical University, to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching method, and to improve the planning and execution of future teaching and learning activities based on the students' perceptions.@*Introduction@#One of the ways to evaluate the quality of services of higher education institutions is the student satisfaction survey. The satisfaction of any customer with the service that they receive depends on many factors. We conducted a survey on the satisfaction of students who are the main users of the Biology curriculum at Ach Medical University, and considered that it is necessary to pay further attention to the fact that the results taking and the requirements.@*Purpose@#The purpose of this study is to take a survey of the satisfaction of the students of the biology curriculum of "Ach" Medical University based on the perceptions of the students, give an evaluation and conclusion about the teaching activities and improve the teaching quality and methodology.@*Materials and Methods@#This research is based on the HEdPERF model Beaumont (2012) who has developed a model for evaluating the quality of higher education with 6 factors, each factor having 4 questions and 1-10 points. F of these factors were used in this research [12]. It includes: </br>1. Training-Lecture Quality, Seminar/Laboratory Quality, Teacher's Teaching Methodology, Importance of Course Content </br>2. Teacher-Professional knowledge and experience: Ability to support and help students, Recognize the needs of the students, Ability to attract student's attention in training, Communication skills </br>3. Organization and materiality of study - Organization, Management, Flexibility of the training, Quality, and Availability of training materials and equipment </br>In the academic year 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, students who studied biology were asked to evaluate the performance of the "Biology" curriculum by answering 30 questions with 3 groups of questions using Google form, and answering one of the points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 for each question and collected the research material by clarifying.@*General information of the research participants @#147 first-year students in "Ach" Medical University aged 17-20, 86.4% female and 13.6% male, or 29.4% of all students, participated in the survey.@*@#Result@*Teaching process of biology course@#The participants of the research who studied the biology course through combined online and classroom learning answered that the lecture course was conducted that explains the phenomenon broadly in a scientific unity. They answered that the method of lecturing is appropriate for explaining cases, repeating topics, clarifying interrelationships, the content and quantity of independent work, and practical importance if the tasks are completed.@*Evaluation methodology of the teaching@#The participants said that the lessons are taught clearly, with real-life examples, communication between teacher and students is proper, independent work is checked promptly, the results reporting is done on time and the evaluation is as realistic.@*When the teacher asks for corrections during class in the future@#The students said that if the teacher has more conversations with them, if the teacher speaks louder while taking classes, and some answered that there is nothing to correct. @*Biology curriculum evaluation@#When asked about the environment for implementing the Biology curriculum and the availability of teaching materials, the students said it is moderate. In response to the question of describing the advantage and disadvantages of the Biology curriculum: </br>• The knowledge and skills of the teacher, as well as the opportunity to learn from other programs are an advantage </br>• Classrooms, equipment, and e-learning were evaluated as weaknesses.@*Conclusion@#</br>1. According to the satisfaction survey results obtained from 147 students who are representatives of the students who studied Biology in the 1st year of 2021 and 2022 at "Ach" Medical University, it was concluded that the teaching process of biology is 84.8 percent or good. </br>2. In order to further improve the course's quality and results, and also each student's practice, it was determined that some changes to the ratio of the content of the lectures and seminars, in addition to attending practice classes regularly in the classroom and with mutual discussion, are required.

Interferências das Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde na Trajetória Docente de Psicólogos / Interferences of the Multiprofessional Residences in Health in the Teacher Trajectory of Psychologists / Interferencias de las Residencias Multiprofesionales en Salud en la Trayectoria Docente de los Psicólogos

O artigo analisa as interferências da formação nas Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde (RMS) na trajetória docente de psicólogos. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo com 17 egressos(as) mediante o uso de entrevistas presenciais e à distância, as quais foram transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. A atividade docente de psicólogos está estreitamente vinculada ao cenário de retração do mercado de trabalho no setor público, à ampliação de vagas nas instituições de ensino superior privado e à ampla formação oferecida no modelo de residência para profissionais de saúde. Os psicólogos egressos das RMS e atualmente docentes enfrentam inúmeros desafios em operacionalizar os princípios pedagógicos da Educação Permanente em Saúde no seu cotidiano de trabalho; vivenciam resistências por parte de professores e alunos às metodologias ativas de aprendizagem e observam o descolamento teoria-prática no ensino da psicologia. Apesar da hegemonia dos princípios e metodologias da pedagogia tradicional nos contextos de ensino em que estão inseridos, consideram que a formação propiciada pelas RMS lhes proporcionou uma bagagem teórica-instrumental que favorece a produção de uma prática docente em psicologia comprometida ética e politicamente. (AU)

The article analyzes the interferences of training in Multiprofessional Health Residences in the teaching career of psychologists. It was a qualitative study with 17 graduates using face-to-face and distance interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed through the thematic analysis of content. The teaching activity of psychologists is closely linked to the scenario of retraction of the labor market in the public sector, to the expansion of vacancies in private higher education institutions and to the broad training offered in the residence model for health professionals. Psychologists who have graduated from Multiprofessional Health Residences and are currently teaching staff face numerous challenges in operating the pedagogical principles of Permanent Health Education in their daily work; they experience resistance from teachers and students to active learning methodologies and observe the theory-practical detachment in the teaching of psychology. Despite the hegemony of the principles and methodologies of traditional pedagogy in the teaching contexts they are inserted, they consider that the training provided by Multiprofessional Health Residences has provided them with a theoretical-instrumental baggage that favors the production of an ethically and politically committed teaching practice in psychology. (AU)

El artículo analiza las interferencias de la formación en las Residencias Multiprofesionales en Salud en la carrera docente de los psicólogos. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo con 17 graduados mediante el uso de entrevistas presenciales y a distancia, que se transcribieron y analizaron mediante el análisis del contenido temático. La actividad docente de los psicólogos está estrechamente vinculada al escenario de retracción del mercado laboral en el sector público, a la ampliación de las vacantes en las instituciones privadas de enseñanza superior y a la amplia formación que se ofrece en el modelo de residencia para profesionales de la salud. Los psicólogos que se han graduado en las Residencias Multiprofesionales en Salud y que actualmente son docentes se enfrentan a numerosos retos para hacer funcionar los principios pedagógicos de la Educación Permanente para la Salud en su trabajo diario; experimentan la resistencia de los profesores y estudiantes a las metodologías de aprendizaje activo y observan el desapego teórico-práctico en la enseñanza de la psicología. A pesar de la hegemonía de los principios y metodologías de la pedagogía tradicional en los contextos de enseñanza en los que se insertan, consideran que la formación impartida por las Residencias Multiprofesionales en Salud les ha proporcionado un bagaje teórico-instrumental que favorece la producción de una práctica docente en psicología comprometida ética y políticamente. (AU)

Referenciais da pedagogia do esporte e as dimensões dos conteúdos: interfaces teóricas e aplicadas / Referential of the sport pedagogy and the contents dimensions: theoretical and applied interface / Referenciales de la pedagogía del deporte y las dimensiones de los contenidos: interfaces teóricas y aplicadas

Este ensaio teve como objetivo dialogar acerca das interfaces entre os referenciais da Pedagogia do Esporte e as dimensões dos con-teúdos, buscando apresentar a aplicação prática com base em subsídio teórico. Resgatou-se que, embora tenham surgido a partir da escola, os referenciais nasceram de forma específica nas reflexões acerca do espor-te e as dimensões advêm da grande área da educação. Destaca-se que referenciais e dimensões dos conteúdos, embora diferentes, são com-plementares e intrinsecamente interligados, podendo estar presentes em diferentes cenários de atuação, aplicados a diferentes personagens e interligados a diferentes conteúdos, cabendo ao agente pedagógico a escolha assertiva da ênfase a ser dada de acordo com seu planejamento (AU).

This essay aimed to dialogue about the interfaces between the referential of the Sport Pedagogy and the contents dimensions, seeking to present practical application based on theoretical support. It was rescued that although they emerged from school, the referential were born specifically in the reflections about sport and the dimensions come from the large area of education. It is noteworthy that referential and dimensions of the contents, although different, are complementary and intrinsically interconnected, and may be present in different scenarios of action, applied to different characters and interconnected to different contents, and the pedagogical agent is responsible for the assertive choice of the objective, content and emphasis to be given according to their planning (AU).

Este ensayo tuvo como objetivo dialogar sobre las interfaces entre los referenciales de la Pedagogía del Deporte y las dimensiones de los contenidos, buscando presentar una aplicación práctica basada en el apoyo teórico. Se rescató que los referenciales nacieron específicamente en las reflexiones sobre el deporte y las dimensiones provienen de la gran área de la educación. Cabe destacar que los referenciales y dimensiones de los contenidos, aunque diferentes, son complementarias e intrínsecamente interconectadas, y pueden estar presentes en diferentes escenarios, aplicados a diferentes personajes e interconectados a diferentes contenidos, y el agente pedagógico es responsable de la elección asertiva del objetivo, contenido y énfasis que se debe dar de acuerdo a su planeamiento (AU).

A utilização dos jogos no processo de ensino/aprendizagem da fisiologia humana: uma revisão das aplicações, vantagens e desvantagens / The use of games in the teaching/learning process of human physiology: a review of applications, advantages and disadvantages

O professor deve utilizar diferentes alternativas para que se tenha o estímulo e o desenvolvimento do aprendizado efetivo, abrangendo a singularidade de cada estudante. Nesse contexto, os métodos práticos podem configurar-se como importante alternativa de ensino da Fisiologia Humana por proporcionar práticas educacionais atrativas, em que o estudante tem a chance de aprender de forma mais ativa, dinâmica e motivadora. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetivou revisar a literatura e analisar a utilização dos jogos no processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Fisiologia Humana, em todos os níveis de ensino, e discutir suas principais aplicações, vantagens e desvantagens. Realizou-se a revisão de estudos publicados em revistas indexadas nas bases: Scielo, Lillacs e Google Acadêmico. Para busca destes estudos utilizou-se os termos: "métodos alternativos", "Fisiologia Humana", "Fisiologia Humana AND ensino", "jogos AND Fisiologia Humana", "métodos práticos AND Fisiologia Humana", e "jogos AND ensino AND Fisiologia Humana". A partir dos artigos analisados, foi possível encontrar três diferentes tipos de jogos (jogos representacionais, jogos didáticos e jogos teatrais). Os jogos representacionais e os jogos didáticos apresentaram vantagens em relação aos jogos teatrais, sendo indicadas suas aplicações para o ensino da Fisiologia Humana, pois podem auxiliar os estudantes na consolidação dos conteúdos, de modo motivante e divertido. Além disso, a utilização desses jogos pode atuar como uma estratégia facilitadora do processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Fisiologia Humana. (AU)

The teacher must use different alternatives in order to have the stimulus and the development of effective learning, covering the uniqueness of each student. In this context, practical methods can be configured as an important teaching alternative for Human Physiology because it provides attractive educational practices, in which the student has the chance to learn in a more active, dynamic and motivating way. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the literature and analyze the use of games in the teaching/learning process of Human Physiology, at all levels of education, and to discuss their main applications, advantages and disadvantages. Were analyzed studies published in journals indexed in the databases: Scielo, Lillacs and Google Scholar. To search for these studies, were used the terms "alternative methods", "Human Physiology", "Human Physiology AND teaching", "games AND Human Physiology", "practical methods AND Human Physiology", and "games AND teaching AND Human Physiology". From the analyzed articles, it was possible to find three different types of games (representational games, educational games and theatrical games). Representational games and didactic games presented advantages over theatrical games, indicating their applications for teaching Human Physiology, as they can assist students in consolidating content in a motivating and fun way. In addition, the use of these games can act as a strategy to facilitate the teaching/learning process of Human Physiology. (AU)

Competências docentes no ensino técnico de enfermagem: um olhar dos professores do curso / Teaching competences in nursing technical education: the view of the course teachers / Competencia docente en la educación técnica de enfermería: la mirada de los maestros del curso

Objetivo: compreender a percepção dos professores de um curso técnico em enfermagem sobre as competências para o exercício da docência nesse nível de ensino. Método: estudo de natureza exploratória e descritiva, de corte transversal e abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 14 enfermeiros-docentes que lecionam as disciplinas teóricas no curso técnico de enfermagem da instituição. Para obtenção dos dados, utilizou-se questionário contendo 13 perguntas fechadas e um roteiro para realização de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: os resultados mostram que os enfermeiros-docentes do curso Técnico de Enfermagem, são predominantemente do gênero feminino, todos são bacharéis em enfermagem e, o tempo de docência no ensino técnico, variou entre 12 a 24 meses. A análise qualitativa mostrou que quanto às competências docentes: da percepção àquelas necessárias ao exercício da docência, foram delimitadas as seguintes categorias - Atributos; Dominar Conteúdo Teórico e Prático; Buscar Aperfeiçoamento; Saberes Pedagógicos. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu apreender, na percepção dos professores, o que são competências, e quais na percepção deles participantes, são necessárias para exercer a docência no ensino técnico de enfermagem. Espera-se ainda, que estudo contribua com reflexões sobre a necessidade de capacitação dos professores para que essas competências sejam aprimoradas ou desenvolvidas. (AU)

Objective: To understand the perception of teachers of a technical course in nursing about the skills for teaching at this level of education. Methods: Exploratory and descriptive study, cross sectional and qualitative approach. 14 nurses-teachers who teach the theoretical subjects in the institution's technical nursing course participated. To obtain the data, a questionnaire containing 13 closed questions and a script for conducting semi-structured interviews was used. Results: The results show that the nurse-professors of the Nursing Technician course, are predominantly female, all have bachelor's degrees in nursing and, the teaching time in technical education, varied between 12 to 24 months. The qualitative analysis showed that regarding the teaching competences: from the perception to those necessary for the exercise of teaching, the following categories were defined - Attributes; Master Theoretical and Practical Content; Search for improvement; Pedagogical knowledge. Conclusion: This study allowed to apprehend, in the perception of teachers, what are competencies, and which in their perception, are necessary to exercise teaching in technical nursing education. It is also expected that a study will contribute to reflections on the need for teacher training so that these skills can be improved or developed. (AU)

Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de los docentes de un curso técnico en enfermería sobre las habilidades para la docencia en este nivel educativo. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, abordaje transversal y cualitativo. Participaron 14 enfermeras docentes que imparten las asignaturas teóricas del curso técnico de enfermería de la institución. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizó un cuestionario que contenía 13 preguntas cerradas y un guión para la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que las enfermeras profesoras del curso de Técnico en Enfermería, son predominantemente mujeres, todas tienen licenciaturas en enfermería y, el tiempo de docencia en educación técnica, varió entre 12 a 24 meses. El análisis cualitativo mostró que en cuanto a las competencias docentes: desde la percepción hasta las necesarias para el ejercicio de la docencia, se definieron las siguientes categorías - Atributos; Maestría en contenido teórico y práctico; Búsqueda de mejoras; Conocimientos pedagógicos. Conclusión: Este estudio permitió aprehender, en la percepción de los docentes, qué son las competencias, y cuáles en su percepción, son necesarias para ejercer la docencia en la formación técnica en enfermería. También se espera que un estudio contribuya a reflexionar sobre la necesidad de la formación del profesorado para que estas habilidades puedan mejorarse o desarrollarse. (AU)