Morbilidad en pacientes pediátricos sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica / Morbidity in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Introduction: Cholelithiasis is a prevalent disease in Chile. Therefore, there is sufficient evidence regarding the results of cholecystectomy in adults; however, information in pediatric population is scarce. The aim of this study is to report the results of a series of pediatric patients undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis, in terms of postoperative morbidity (POM). Material and Methods: Retrospective case series. All patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis in the period 2004 to 2013, in the Department of Surgery of Hospital de Puerto Montt, Chile, were included. The main outcome variable was POM. Other variables of interest were cause of consult, coexistence of choledocholithiasis, concomitant diseases, nature of surgery, hospital stay and mortality. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate percentages, measures of center tendency and dispersion. Results: 71 patients, with a median age of 13 years, 84.5 percent female, were operated. POM was 1.4 percent (one case of hemoperitoneum that required reoperation, Dindo-Clavien IIIb). The most frequent cause of consultation was biliary colic (95.8 percent of cases). Coexistence of choledocholithiasis was determined in 6 cases (8.5 percent). The most common concomitant disease was familiar microspherocytosis (4 cases, 5.6 percent). The surgery was elective in 62 patients (87.3 percent). Median hospital stay were 2 days. The serie has no mortality. Conclusion: The observed results are comparable with those from other series of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pediatric patients.

Introducción: La colelitiasis es una enfermedad prevalente en Chile; por ende, existe suficiente evidencia respecto de los resultados de la colecistectomía en población adulta; sin embargo, la información en población pediátrica es escasa. El objetivo de este estudio, es reportar los resultados de una serie de pacientes pediátricos, intervenidos quirúrgicamente por colelitiasis, en términos de morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO). Material y Método: Serie de casos retrospectiva. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes pediátricos colecistectomizados vía laparoscópica en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital de Puerto Montt, Chile; en el período 2004 y 2013. La variable resultado fue MPO. Otras variables de interés fueron causa de consulta, coexistencia de coledocolitiasis, enfermedades concomitantes, carácter de la cirugía, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con cálculo de porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: Se intervinieron 71 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 13 años; 84,5 por ciento de sexo femenino. La MPO fue de 1,4 por ciento (un caso de hemoperitoneo que requirió reoperación; Dindo-Clavien IIIb). La causa de consulta más frecuente fue el cólico biliar (95,8 por ciento de los casos). Se determinó coexistencia de coledocolitiasis en 6 casos (8,5 por ciento). La enfermedad concomitante más frecuente fue microesferocitosis familiar (4 casos; 5,6 por ciento). La cirugía fue electiva en 62 pacientes (87,3 por ciento). La mediana de la estancia hospitalaria fue 2 días y no se reporta mortalidad. Conclusión: Los resultados observados son comparables con los de otras series de colecistectomía laparoscópica en pacientes pediátricos.

05-4 Examination of radon concentration for evaluation of exposure dose from radioactive spring usage / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Objectives: Radon (222Rn) is a noble gas found in the water of hot spring spas (“onsen”). In Japan, the Hot Springs Law and the Guideline of Analytical Methods of Mineral Springs (revised) classify springs containing 74 Bq/kg of radon as “hot springs” and those with levels exceeding 111 Bq/kg as “medical springs”, also called “radioactive springs”. According to the notification article (the Nature Conservation Bureau of the Ministry of the Environment in Japan), bathing in a radioactive springs may alleviate the effects of gout, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension as well as chronic conditions such as cholecystitis, gallstones, and skin and gynecological diseases. Drinking water from these springs may treat gout, chronic digestive disorders, chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, neuralgia, muscle pain, and arthralgia. To determine exposure doses from radioactive springs, it is important to establish an easy and accurate method of measuring radon concentration in water and humid air in bathing areas. Methods: This study measured the concentration of airborne radon using an activated charcoal detector (PICO-RAD: AccuStar Labs), desiccant (Drierite; 8 mesh of anhydrous calcium sulfate: W.A. Hammond Drierite Company, Ltd.), a liquid scintillation counter (LSC LB-5: Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd.), and 2,5-diphenyloxazole(DPO) + 1,4-bis (5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl) benzene(POPOP) toluene solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were used as the liquid scintillator. Results and Conclusions: This study evaluated radon exposure doses due to radioactive spring at a spa in Komono town, Mie prefecture. After water was piped from hot spring storage tanks into bathtubs, only 5.3-18.0% of the radon remained in the water. Two days later, only 0.25% remained, likely due to radioactive decay and increased diffusion into the air from bathing and recirculating filters. Thus, we investigated radon levels in the humid bathroom air around the radioactive hot spring and determined the total radon exposure from spa water and air. The total exposure dose was calculated assuming a two-day stay, during which customers used the bath for some number of hours. Our findings confirm the safety and efficacy of the hot spring facility. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Daido Life Welfare Foundation.

05-4Examination of radon concentration for evaluation of exposure dose from radioactive spring usage / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Objectives: </b>Radon (²²²Rn) is a noble gas found in the water of hot spring spas (“onsen”). In Japan, the Hot Springs Law and the Guideline of Analytical Methods of Mineral Springs (revised) classify springs containing 74 Bq/kg of radon as “hot springs” and those with levels exceeding 111 Bq/kg as “medical springs”, also called “radioactive springs”. According to the notification article (the Nature Conservation Bureau of the Ministry of the Environment in Japan), bathing in a radioactive springs may alleviate the effects of gout, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension as well as chronic conditions such as cholecystitis, gallstones, and skin and gynecological diseases. Drinking water from these springs may treat gout, chronic digestive disorders, chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, neuralgia, muscle pain, and arthralgia. To determine exposure doses from radioactive springs, it is important to establish an easy and accurate method of measuring radon concentration in water and humid air in bathing areas.<BR><b>Methods: </b>This study measured the concentration of airborne radon using an activated charcoal detector (PICO-RAD: AccuStar Labs), desiccant (Drierite; 8 mesh of anhydrous calcium sulfate: W.A. Hammond Drierite Company, Ltd.), a liquid scintillation counter (LSC LB-5: Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd.), and 2,5-diphenyloxazole(DPO) + 1,4-bis (5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl) benzene(POPOP) toluene solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were used as the liquid scintillator.<BR><b>Results and Conclusions: </b>This study evaluated radon exposure doses due to radioactive spring at a spa in Komono town, Mie prefecture. After water was piped from hot spring storage tanks into bathtubs, only 5.3-18.0% of the radon remained in the water. Two days later, only 0.25% remained, likely due to radioactive decay and increased diffusion into the air from bathing and recirculating filters. Thus, we investigated radon levels in the humid bathroom air around the radioactive hot spring and determined the total radon exposure from spa water and air. The total exposure dose was calculated assuming a two-day stay, during which customers used the bath for some number of hours. Our findings confirm the safety and efficacy of the hot spring facility. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Daido Life Welfare Foundation.