Exploration on Constructing Good Tutor-postgraduate Relationship Under the Background of Striving for"Double First-class"Traditional Chinese Medicine Universities / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the construction measures of a new pattern of tutor-postgraduate relationship under the background of striving for"double first-class"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)university,in order to continuously improve the quality of postgraduate training in TCM universities.[Methods]Under the background of striving for"double first-class"TCM universities,this paper introduces the practical significance of building a good mentoring relationship,and analyzes the outstanding problems existing in the mentoring relationship in the current TCM universities from the perspective of tutors and postgraduates-the two main subjects.[Results]Through the establishment of a good mentoring relationship,the tutor-postgraduate relationship has generally been positively influenced,and the communication between teachers and students has become closer and more efficient.Through a series of positive incentive mechanisms,tutors are more active in providing support and help to postgraduates in academic guidance,academic guidance and life care,and postgraduates are more active in cooperating with tutors in various scientific research work.The quantity and quality of academic papers published by postgraduates have been significantly improved,and the scientific research and teaching work of the tutor team have been carried out more efficiently with remarkable progress.[Conclusion]Starting from the three aspects of strengthening the positive core value of"respecting teachers and medicine",perfecting the relevant system and correcting the imbalance of the tutor-postgraduate relationship,the School of Basic Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University focuses on exploring the new mode of building a good tutor-postgraduate relationship,and puts forward feasible suggestions through a series of measures.This mode has significantly improved the tutor-postgraduate relationship.It not only plays a positive role in improving postgraduates'professional level and communication-scientific research-innovation ability,but also provides a guarantee for tutors to complete teaching and scientific research work successfully,which is worthy of further improvement and promotion.

Let ′Rare Disease′ Been Seen: Delving into the Building up of Resource and Information Service in Medical Libraries for Rare Diseases / 罕见病研究

With the development of the diagnosis and treatment for rare diseases and the promotion of the construction of ′Double First-Class′ Universities in China, the libraries of medical schools have to make full use of their strengths to better face new challenges in discipline construction proactively. This article refers to resource and information service practices related to the rare disease carried out by medical libraries in China and in other countries; explores the possibilities of building up the resource and information in the future, aiming at improving the awareness of rare diseases among medical students, researchers, and the general public. The article also focuses on the need for strengthening the support for teaching and research into rare diseases, hoping to contribute to the overall improvement of the diagnosis, treatment, and educational research in rare diseases in China.

Research and Reflection on Strengthening the Construction of Life Science and Medical Research Ethics Training System in Colleges and Universities / 中国医学伦理学

The construction of the scientific and technological ethics management system is crucial to ensure the healthy development of scientific research, and is also the premise and foundation for the scientific and technological innovation and "double first-class" construction of colleges and universities. This paper through the investigation of college life science and medical research ethics committees’ relevant situation, concentrated on the comparative analysis of the construction of ethics training system to identify problems and shortcomings, combined with the work example of Peking University and the current development trend of life science and medical research, some suggestions, including take advantage of the combination of medical services, teaching and research at universities, were put forward to provide possible reference for further updating of the science and technology ethics management in colleges and universities.

Let ′Rare Disease′ Been Seen: Delving into the Building up of Resource and Information Service in Medical Libraries for Rare Diseases / 罕见病研究

With the development of the diagnosis and treatment for rare diseases and the promotion of the construction of ′Double First-Class′ Universities in China, the libraries of medical schools have to make full use of their strengths to better face new challenges in discipline construction proactively. This article refers to resource and information service practices related to the rare disease carried out by medical libraries in China and in other countries; explores the possibilities of building up the resource and information in the future, aiming at improving the awareness of rare diseases among medical students, researchers, and the general public. The article also focuses on the need for strengthening the support for teaching and research into rare diseases, hoping to contribute to the overall improvement of the diagnosis, treatment, and educational research in rare diseases in China.

Reflection on the construction of pharmacy and traditional Chinese pharmacy disciplines based on patent information analysis: taking “double first-class” universities as an example / 中国药科大学学报

@#Among the second round of “double first-class” construction universities, 12 universities are in the process of building first-class pharmaceutical and traditional Chinese medicine disciplines.The aim is to explore the innovative development trend of these 12 universities, based on their information related to pharmacy and traditional Chinese medicine in the past five years.The study used the PatSnap global patent database to search for pharmaceutical related patents applied by 12 universities from 2018 to 2022, and analyzed the information from perspectives such as application and authorization volume, technical themes, transfer and licensing status, and international patent situation.The results reveal that comprehensive universities and China Pharmaceutical University are superior to other pharmaceutical universities in terms of patent application volume and licensing rate.From the perspective of patent classification, most of the relevant patents involve the effective ingredients of drugs.Comprehensive universities and China Pharmaceutical University pay more attention to the research of anti-tumor drugs.Among all authorized patents, the quantity is insufficient, and most of them are exclusive licenses.The transfer of relevant rights mostly occurs between universities and enterprises.In terms of international patent applications, comprehensive universities dominate in terms of quantity, but the total amount is still insufficient.In the future innovation and development process of “double first-class” universities, it is necessary to improve the awareness of patent protection and layout, attract relevant talents, give full play to the advantages of university intellectual property information service centers, and promote the transformation of university achievements.

Investigation on the application of teaching technology of virtual simulation in undergraduate schools of stomatology in China / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the current situation of using virtual simulation technology in undergraduate schools of stomatology in China, analyze the problems and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions. @*Methods@# A questionnaire survey was conducted among 672 teachers and 3 849 students in undergraduate schools of stomatology in China. @*Results @#25.81% of all participants had took part in dental virtual simulation courses, and 37.80% of the participants from “Double First-Class” universities had participated in dental virtual simulation courses. 92.12% of the virtual simulation courses were established for undergraduates. "Traditional course + virtual simulation model demonstration" is the main teaching form of virtual simulation courses. Most of the participants were satisfied with the virtual simulation courses offered by their schools. At present, there are also some deficiencies in the virtual simulation courses, such as lack of teaching resources, insufficient interaction and simulation.@*Conclusion@#There is difference in the application of virtual simulation technology in undergraduate schools of stomatology in China. The virtual simulation technology is more widely used in "Double First-Class" universities than in ordinary universities. Undergraduates are the main teaching objects of virtual simulation courses. Stomatological schools in China should pay attention to the development and utilization of virtual simulation curriculum resources by cooperation, enrich the form of virtual simulation courses and strengthen the promotion and application of virtual simulation technology in stomatological education.

An empirical research on the enrollment quality of master of stomatology professional degree graduate students—Based on the statistical data of the comprehensive evaluation of professional degree graduate students by the guiding physicians / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:Based on the statistical data of the comprehensive evaluation of professional degree graduate students by the guiding physicians, to conduct an empirical study on the quality of the enrollment of master of stomatology professional degree graduate students.Methods:A total of 67 master of stomatology professional degree graduate students from Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University were comprehensively evaluated by their guiding physicians when they went out the department. SPSS 25.0 software was used for t test and variance analysis. Results:The average score of 67 students was (91.39±3.55) points. There was good reliability and validity for the comprehensive evaluation index. Among the methods of promotion and exemption, unified examination, 7-year transfer to "5 + 3" of our school and enrollment of students from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, the comprehensive evaluation total score of 7-year transfer to "5 + 3" of our school was the highest. The comprehensive evaluation results of the students with high initial scores were slightly higher than those students with low scores. The students who studied in the "Double First-class" universities and were with the fourth round of subject assessment grade A and grade B had better performances.Conclusion:We should attach importance to enrollment quality, through various channels to attract quality students and actively explore ways to improve the quality of graduate students. Meanwhile, we should make efforts to strengthen training quality and to build scientific comprehensive evaluation system for specialized degree graduate students. The connotation of "medicine-education collaboration" will be further deepened. And the training and development of oral medicine applied high-level medical talents will be promoted.

Exploration on the construction of teaching team in universities under the background of "Double-First Class": taking medical cell biology as an example / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Medical cell biology is an important basic course of school medical education. Constructing a high-quality course teaching team is the key to improve the level and quality of education and teaching in universities under the background of "Double First-Class" at present. Based on the analysis of the current problems in the construction of teaching teams in universities, taking the teaching team of medical cell biology in Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine as an example, this paper elaborates the experience of team construction in terms of the composition of teaching staff, construction objectives, specific measures and practical results, so as to provide reference for further improving the construction of teaching teams in universities under the background of "Double First-Class".

Research on academic performance of "double first-class" medical universities based on CIPP model / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To build and optimize the academic performance evaluation system and process of medical colleges, and to provide reference and support for the construction of "double first-class" medical colleges.Methods:Based on CIPP model (context, evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and product evaluation), this paper studied the evaluation method of "double first-class" university academic performance analysis, constructed the evaluation model of medical colleges academic performance from four elements of reflecting the background, input, process and results of academic research activities, established the evaluation process, and selected 10 universities for empirical research.Results:The comprehensive weight was obtained by entropy weight method and expert scoring method. The relative proximity between each evaluation object and the optimal scheme was calculated by technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, and the comprehensive calculation value of academic performance level of each university was obtained.Conclusion:The construction of academic performance evaluation system of universities based on CIPP model and entropy weight TOPSIS method is an effective discussion and expanding research on academic evaluation of colleges, and can provide references for the analysis of academic performance with medical characteristics.

Factors influencing unprotected sexual behavior among college students with different cognitive styles / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To determine the factors influencing unprotected sexual behavior among college students，so as to provide the reference and basis for better sex safety education in college.@*Methods@#From March to August, 2022, 3 188 college students from three universities, namely "double first class" universities, ordinary public undergraduate universities and ordinary private universities, were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method. Cognitive Style Graphic Test, Adolescent Health related Risk Behavior Questionnaire and deographic information questionnaire were used to investigate.@*Results@#Cognitive style and unprotected sexual behavior were positively correlated ( r=0.13, P <0.05). A total of 18.23% ( n =314) of participants reported engaging in unprotected sexual behavior. Binary Logistic regression analysis of participants grouped by cognitive style indicated major factors affecting unprotected sexual behavior among college students. In the field independence group, male students, senior students, and those with frequent romantic encounters (1, 2, and ≥3 times) had more unprotected sexual behavior ( OR =1.28, 1.79, 1.35, 1.68 , 1.84, P <0.05). Four major factors were associated with unprotected sexual behavior in the field independence group: junior and senior college students, those that study liberal arts, urban student source, and those with frequent romantic encounters (1,2 and ≥3 times) ( OR =1.91, 2.01, 1.26, 1.40, 1.46, 1.78, 1.99, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#College students unprotected sexual behavior is associated with multiple factors. Cognitive style is an important reference variable. The factors influencing this behavior have differing effects according to the different cognitive styles among college students.

O peso da dupla jornada: as alterações na rotina das mães-trabalhadoras da saúde pública durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID19 / The weight of a double shift: The changes in the routine of public health working moms during the first year of the COVID 19 pandemic

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral identificar as dificuldades que as mães-profissionais que atuavam na área da saúde pública enfrentaram, a partir de uma crítica ao patriarcalismo, interpretando os desafios para conciliar os afazeres domésticos, o cuidado com os filhos e a vida profissional, durante o primeiro ano da pandemia no Brasil, 2020. As medidas impostas pelas autoridades do Brasil e do mundo acarretaram a reorganização na estrutura familiar e no ambiente de trabalho, em que devido as necessidades de isolamento, as famílias passaram a ficar mais tempo dentro de casa, provocando um aumento de trabalho doméstico. Essa sobrecarga de trabalho doméstico recaiu, principalmente, em cima das mulheres, porém em intensidades diferentes, de acordo com a raça/cor e a classe social em que estão inseridas, reafirmando a ideia de que vivemos em um país com uma estrutura patriarcal, classista e racista. O estudo foi realizado a partir de uma amostra extraída no universo das trabalhadoras-mães que, independente do vínculo profissional e da área de atuação, atuavam no Instituto Nacional da saúde da Criança, da Mulher e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira e tinham filhos com idade entre 0 e 12 anos, no período em questão. Através da entrevista dirigida e a utilização do método de amostragem bola de neve foram obtidos relatos das trabalhadoras que permitiram fazer uma análise do quanto e de que forma a pandemia afetou a vida dessas trabalhadoras nas mais variadas condições sociais e profissionais, além de concluir para a necessidade de ter um Estado de bem-estar social ampliado e sensível às questões femininas. (AU)

The current paper aims to identify the struggles, from an opposing patriarchal point of view, that working moms who were a part of the public healthcare system faced and to understand the challenges of balancing household chores, taking care of their children and their professional lives, during the first year of the pandemic in Brazil in 2020. The measures imposed by Brazilian and world authorities led to a new organizational structure in home and work-life, in which the need of isolation, resulted in families spending more time indoors thus increasing the domestic workload. This fell, mainly, on women, but in varying degrees, according to the race/skin color and social class they are inserted, reaffirming the idea that we live in a country with a patriarchal, classicist and racist foundation. The study was conducted with working moms that, regardless their professional ties or areas, worked at the Instituto Nacional da Saúde da Criança, da Mulher e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira and had children from ages that ranged from 0 to 12 years old during that time. Account from workers were acquired through guided interviews and the use of the snowball sample method, which allowed an analysis of how much and how the pandemic affected the lives of those workers in the most diverse social and working conditions, besides inferring the need of a wider welfare system and one more sensitive to women's issues. (AU)

Aspectos Clínicos e de Sobrevida de Pacientes pós Implante de Valva Mecânica, com Ênfase em Trombose de Prótese Valvar / Clinical Features and Survival Analysis of Patients after Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement, with an Emphasis on Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis

Resumo Fundamento As doenças oro-valvares têm prevalência mundial expressiva, e a cirurgia de troca valvar melhorou a sobrevida dos pacientes. Objetivos Descrever aspectos clínico-laboratoriais dos pacientes submetidos a implante valvar mecânico e determinar a incidência de trombose de próteses valvares (TPV). Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com seguimento até nove anos; as variáveis de estudo foram buscadas em prontuários físicos e eletrônicos. Os cálculos foram realizados pelo programa Jamovi 1.2.2.; p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante. Foram construídas curvas de Kaplan Meier, e realizada análise de regressão de Cox para fatores relacionados à mortalidade. Resultados Foram incluídos 473 pacientes com média de idade de 46,9 ±11,3 anos. A doença reumática foi a principal etiologia. Em média de acompanhamento de 4,43 anos, a mortalidade foi de 16,1%. Pacientes com implantes de próteses na posição aórtica tiveram sobrevida melhor que os portadores em posição mitro-aórtica (p=0,026). Entre os fatores ajustados para mortalidade, apenas classe funcional e insuficiência renal crônica apresentaram significância estatística. A incidência de TPV foi de 0,24/100 pacientes/ano, com primeiro evento após 1000 dias da cirurgia. Tabagismo e pannus foram estatisticamente associados a TPV. Não houve diferenças na variabilidade de INR entre pacientes com e sem trombose por posição protética, mas houve diferença estatística no INR pré-evento trombótico comparado aos que não apresentaram trombose (INR= 2,20[1,80-2,20] vs 2,80[2,20-3,40]; p= 0,040). Identificamos 4,4% de acidentes vasculares cerebrais e 5,2% de sangramentos. Conclusões A população mostrou-se jovem e valvopatia reumática foi frequente. A frequência de TPV foi semelhante à descrita na literatura, apesar da baixa renda e escolaridade da amostra.

Abstract Background Valvular heart diseases are highly prevalent in the world, and surgical valve replacement has improved patients' survival. Objectives To describe clinical and laboratory data of patients undergoing mechanical valve replacement, and to determine the incidence of prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT). Methods Retrospective cohort study with a follow-up of up to nine years. The study variables were collected from conventional and electronic medical charts. Statistical calculations were performed using the Jamovi software version 1.2.2.; a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Kaplan Meier curves were constructed, and Cox regression analysis was performed for analysis of factors related to mortality. Results A total of 473 patients were included, mean age of 46.9 ±11.3 years. Rheumatic disease was the most common etiology. In a mean follow-up period of 4.43 years, mortality rate was 16.1%. Patients with aortic prosthesis showed higher survival than patients with double implant (mitral and aortic) (p=0.026). Of the factors adjusted for mortality, only functional class and chronic renal failure showed statistically significant association. The incidence of PVT was 0.24/100 patients/year, and the first event occurred more than 1000 days after the implant. Smoking and pannus formation were significantly associated with PVT. No differences were found in INR variability between patients with and without thrombosis by prosthetic position, but significant differences were found in INR before thrombosis as compared with patients without thrombosis (INR= 2.20 [1.80-2.20] vs. 2.80 [2.20-3.40]; p= 0.040). The incidence of stroke and bleeding was 4.4% and 5.2% respectively. Conclusions The study population was young, and rheumatic valve disease was common in this group. The prevalence of PVT was similar to that described in the literature, despite the low income and low educational level of our sample.

Discussion on medical postgraduate enrollment quality based on characteristic analysis of students applying for Peking University Third Hospital / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To realize the characteristics of postgraduate students applying for Peking University Third Hospital and to explore the strategies to improve the enrollment quality on the background of "Double first-class".Methods:Enrollment data from 2015 to 2019 of the Peking University Third Hospital was statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. For variables that did not conform to the normal distribution, median and quartile were utilized for description. Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for comparison between admission group and non-admission group. For the counting data, number of cases and proportion were utilized for description. The comparison between groups was performed by chi-square test or Fisher precision test. All tests were two-sided and had a significance level of 0.05. Results:The average enrollment ratio was 4.9∶1. The overall admission rate of first choice was 76.9% (450/585), which kept increased steadily, and the gap between national key clinical specialties and non-key specialties was narrowed. The geographical distribution of students was mainly in north China (30%, 175/585) and east China (28%, 164/585). The admission group had characteristics of high score of CET-6 (505 vs. 480, Z=-5.86, P<0.001) and young age (24 vs. 25, Z=-8.15, P<0.001). The proportion of "985", "211" or "Double first-class" universities, patents invention, conference speeches and high level awards in admission group was higher than that in non-admission group. Conclusion:Sustainable policies should be taken to constantly improve the quality of enrollment including establishing sound mechanism of discipline adjustment and optimization, increasing the publicity of enrollment nationwide, and strengthening the selection of the comprehensive ability of students centered on the construction of first-class disciplines.

Systematic evaluation of scientific research output for disciplines of "Double First-Class" universities:an empirical case of the discipline of pharmacology and toxicology / 中国药科大学学报

@#To promote the construction of first-class disciplines of "Double First-Class" universities in China, the construction of a comprehensive evaluation system was explored, so as to provide suggestions for the development of these disciplines.Essential Science Indicators (ESI), InCites and Derwent Innovation Index databases, together with range transformation method and entropy weight method, were employed to analyze the data in the field of pharmacology and toxicology from some universities; the construction approaches and index performance of the system were studied. The score performances of the sample universities in the index system are different from their ESI rankings, suggesting that the system has certain practical value.ESI rankings cannot fully reflect the development levels of disciplines, while the multi-dimensional index evaluation system can overcome this shortcoming to a certain extent.This paper establishes an evaluation system with published papers and granted patents as the main evaluation objects, covering as many multi-angle indicators of scientific research output as possible, and trying to overcome the disadvantages due to lack of information in a single or few index systems.It is suggested that universities should formulate their discipline development plans from the perspectives of publishing high-quality original research results, leading or widely participating in scientific research cooperation, strengthening university-enterprise cooperation, promoting the application of research results, promoting open science and encouraging open access.

Reform in the course on General Biology in application-oriented universities / 生物工程学报

General Biology is basic discipline in Environmental Science and Engineering, which lays a basis for the specialized courses in this major. As the course involves a wide range of knowledge, traditional "cramming education" cannot attract the interest of students. To meet the needs of talents against the backdrop of "double world-class project", our teaching team applied the "double-cycle teaching mode" of blended teaching in the first class along with ideological education, professional education, innovation and entrepreneurship education in the second class of this course. With this method, major headway has been made in this course. This study is expected to serve as a reference for reform in other relevant courses.

Advancing the development of first-class discipline of basic medical science focused on joint efforts of discipline construction: based on Guangzhou Medical University / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Multiple factors such as traditional history evolution, resource allocation and management mechanism all restrict the discipline development of basic medical sciences and the enhancement of postgraduate education quality. Guangzhou Medical University starts from top-level design, focuses on joint efforts of discipline construction and adopts a series of reform measures to promote first-class basic medical sciences discipline construction and enhance the postgraduate education quality, such as transforming the architecture of scientific institutions, grasping the discipline direction, setting double-tutor system, optimizing the tutor team, promoting curriculum reform, strengthening communication between domestic and overseas and selecting excellent students. Practice shows that positioning properly and developing with unique features based on joint efforts of discipline are effective approaches to build high-level teaching-research medical universities.

Research and Reflection on Strengthening the Construction of Life Science and Medical Research Ethics Training System in Colleges and Universities / 中国医学伦理学

The construction of the scientific and technological ethics management system is crucial to ensure the healthy development of scientific research, and is also the premise and foundation for the scientific and technological innovation and "double first-class" construction of colleges and universities. This paper through the investigation of college life science and medical research ethics committees’ relevant situation, concentrated on the comparative analysis of the construction of ethics training system to identify problems and shortcomings, combined with the work example of Peking University and the current development trend of life science and medical research, some suggestions, including take advantage of the combination of medical services, teaching and research at universities, were put forward to provide possible reference for further updating of the science and technology ethics management in colleges and universities.

Construction and application of subject evaluation system in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Discipline evaluation is an important measure to promote the virtuous circle of discipline construction, and is an indispensable link in the process of discipline development in public hospitals. After becoming a directly affiliated hospital of a " double first-class" university, in order to improve the comprehensive strength and influence, a hospital built and applied a disciplinary evaluation system in four directions: talent construction, clinical medicine, scientific research ability, and teaching work. According to the evaluation results, the hospital′s disciplines were divided into three categories, namely, advantageous disciplines, cultivating disciplines and potential disciplines, and development strategies were established at different levels, providing policy support and financial support, especially in the field of scientific research and teaching, to accelerate to make up for shortcomings. Through exploration and practice, the talent team, scientific research and teaching level, discipline reputation, and comprehensive strength of the hospital had been significantly improved, providing effective support for the high-quality development of the hospital.

Talla baja y sobrepeso en menores de 5 años que habitan la Sierra Tarahumara, México / Stunting and overweight in children under 5y who inhabit the Sierra Tarahumara in northern Mexico

La doble carga de la desnutrición y el exceso de peso (o mala nutrición) es uno de los indicadores que mejor ilustra las inequidades en salud que existen en zonas indígenas de México. Por otro lado, existe escasa evidencia del estado de nutrición en población Tarahumara. Objetivo: Estimar indicadores del estado de nutrición y su asociación con factores sociodemográficos en población indígena Tarahumara menor de 5 años. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 21 localidades indígenas de la Sierra Tarahumara en Chihuahua, México, que analizó información sociodemográfica, de salud y antropométrica en población infantil de 6 a 59 meses de edad (n=323). Se estimaron índices antropométricos y su asociación con variables de interés mediante regresión logística múltiple. Un valor de p ≤0,05 fue considerado como estadísticamente significativo. Todos los análisis se realizaron en el paquete estadístico Stata v14.2. Resultados: Se encontraron altas prevalencias de talla baja (44,4%), emaciación (5,3%), bajo peso (11,9%) y sobrepeso (15,2%). El sexo masculino se asoció significativamente con talla baja (Razón de Momios (RM)=2,5; 1,45-4,34), mientras que, ninguna escolaridad de la madre (RM=0,39; 0,15-0,99) y ser beneficiario de un programa local de nutrición por más de 2 años se asoció con sobrepeso (RM=2,97; 1,26 -6,97). Conclusión: Se encontraron indicadores de mala nutrición en la muestra estudiada; éstos hallazgos podrían sugerir la existencia de inequidad y rezago en salud y nutrición de población infantil indígena Tarahumara. Se requieren más estudios que puedan orientar programas y acciones de salud y nutrición para atender a esta población de forma prioritaria(AU)

The double burden of malnutrition and excess weight (or poor nutrition) is one of the indicators that best illustrates the health inequities that exist in indigenous areas of Mexico. On the other hand, there is scarce evidence of the nutritional status of the Tarahumara population. Objective: To estimate indicators of the nutritional status and its association with sociodemographic factors in the Tarahumara indigenous population under 5 years of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 21 indigenous localities of the Sierra Tarahumara in Chihuahua, Mexico, which analyzed sociodemographic, health and anthropometric information in children from 6 to 59 months of age (n=323). Anthropometric indices and their association with variables of interest was estimated by multiple logistic regression. A value of p ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyzes were performed using the Stata v14.2 statistical package. Results: It were founded high prevalences of short stature (44.4%), emaciation (5.3%), underweight (11.9%) and overweight (15.2%). Male sex was significantly associated with short stature (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.5; 1.45-4.34), while no education of the mother (OR = 0.39; 0.15-0.99) and being a beneficiary of a local nutrition program for more than 2 years it was associated with being overweight (OR = 2.97; 1.26-6.97). Conclusion: Indicators of malnutrition and overweight were founded in the sample studied; these findings suggest inequity and delays in health and nutrition of the indigenous Tarahumara child population. More research is required that can guide health and nutrition programs and actions to serve this indigenous population as a priority(AU)

Hábitos de vida y rendimiento académico en periodo evaluativo en estudiantes de enfermería / Life Habits and Academic Performance during the Examination Period in Nursing Students

Introducción: Los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios, con poco tiempo para su realización debido al estrés académico, prácticas, horario de clase y estudio, suelen ser poco saludables, por tanto, pueden influir negativamente en el rendimiento académico. Objetivo: Analizar los hábitos de vida en periodo evaluativo y su influencia en el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios del grado en enfermería. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de tipo transversal realizado en el momento del examen a 488 estudiantes de los cuatro cursos del grado en enfermería de una universidad al sur de España, en el curso académico 2018. Los instrumentos empleados fueron: un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos y otro cuestionario de hábitos de estilo de vida. El análisis de la información se realizó través de estadísticos descriptivos, pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas y correlación lineal. Se respetaron las consideraciones éticas para estudios con humanos. Resultados: El 53,30 por ciento de la muestra realizaba ejercicio físico de forma regular, siendo similar en los cuatro cursos evaluados para los hombres mientras que en las mujeres aumentó de 31,11 por ciento en 1º a 61,26 por ciento en 4º curso. No diferencias relevantes en el rendimiento académico según variables de estilo de vida excepto sueño. Conclusiones: Las horas de sueño dormidas, sobre todo la semana previa al examen se relacionan con mayor rendimiento académico. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los estilos de vida menos saludables conllevan a peor rendimiento académico(AU)

Introduction: The life habits of university students, with little time to carry them out due to academic stress, practices, class and study hours, are usually unhealthy; therefore, they can influence academic performance negatively. Objective: To analyze life habits in the evaluation period and their influence on academic performance in university students of the Nursing degree. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study carried out, in the academic year 2018, at the time of examination with 488 students from the four courses of the Nursing degree from a university in southern Spain. The instruments used were a questionnaire with sociodemographic data and another lifestyle habits quiz. Information analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics, parametric and nonparametric tests, and linear correlation. Ethical considerations for human studies were respected. Results: 53.30 percent of the sample did physical exercise on a regular basis, being similar for men in the four courses assessed, while for women it increased from 31.11 percent in first academic year to 61.26 percent in the fourth academic year. There were no relevant differences in academic performance according to lifestyle variables except sleep. Conclusions: The hours of sleep per se, especially during the week before the exam, are related to higher academic performance. Our results suggest that less healthy lifestyles lead to poorer academic performance(AU)