Early vs. Standard Loop Ileostomy Closure: An Unmatched Case-Control Study / Cierre Temprano vs Estándar de Ileostomía en Asa. Estudio de Casos y Controles no Emparejado

SUMMARY: Early closure of a loop ileostomy (ECI) is a relatively new practice, for which there is insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness in relation to closure at conventional times. The aim of this study was to report postoperative complications (POC) and hospital mortality in patients with loop ileostomy (LI) who underwent ECI, compared with patients with LI who underwent late closure. Un- matched case-control study. Patients with LI who underwent surgery at Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco (2010-2022) were included. Cases were defined as patients with LI who underwent early closure and controls as subjects who underwent closure at the usual times. No matching was performed, but a 1:1 relationship between cases and controls was considered. Outcome variables were postoperative complications and hospital mortality. Other variables of interest were surgical time and hospital stay. Descriptive statistics were applied with calculation of proportions and measures of central tendency. Subsequently, t-test and Pearson Chi2 for comparison of averages and proportions was applied, and odds ratios and their respective 95 % CI were calculated. In this study 39 patients with AI were operated on (18 cases and 21 controls). Age and BMI average of the studied subjects was 71.3±7.1 years and 27.3±19.8 kg/m2 respectively. Mean LI closure time, surgical time, and hospitalization were: 10.0±0.7 months; 62.5±10.6min; 3.8±0.1 days respectively. POC were only surgical site infections. Three in cases (16.7 %) and 3 in controls (14.3 %). No anastomotic dehiscence or hospital mortality was observed in either cases or controls. There were no differences in comorbidities or surgical site infection between cases and controls (OR of 0.6 and 1.2 respectively) In this experience, the results of performing the CTI were similar to the late closing in relation to the variables studied.

El cierre temprano de una ileostomía en asa (IA), es una práctica relativamente nueva, sobre la que no hay suficiente evidencia respecto de su efectividad en relación con el cierre en tiempos convencionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar diferencias en la tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias (CPO) y de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre temprano comparados con pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre tardío. Estudio de casos y controles sin emparejamiento. Se incluyeron pacientes con IA que fueron sometidos a cirugía en la Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco (2010-2022). Los casos se definieron como pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre temprano y los controles como sujetos con IA sometidos a cierre en tiempos habituales. No se realizó emparejamiento. Se consideró una relación 1:1 entre casos y controles. Las variables de resultado fueron CPO y mortalidad hospitalaria. Otras variables de interés fueron: tiempo quirúrgico y hospitalización. Se aplicó estadísticas descriptivas (cálculo de proporciones y medidas de tendencia central). Posteriormente, se aplicó prueba t-test y Chi2 para comparación de promedios y proporciones; y se calcularon odds ratios e intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Se operaron 39 pacientes con IA (18 casos y 21 controles). El promedio de edad e IMC fue 71,3±7,1 años y 27,3±19,8 kg/m2, respectivamente. El tiempo promedio de cierre de IA, tiempo quirúrgico y hospitalización fueron: 10,0±0,7 meses; 62,5±10,6 minutos; 3,8±0,1 días, respectivamente. Las CPO fueron infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (3 casos; 16,7 % y 3 controles; 14,3 %). No se observó dehiscencia anastomótica ni mortalidad hospitalaria en casos ni controles. No hubo diferencias en comorbilidades ni en infecciones del sitio quirúrgico entre casos y controles (OR de 0,6 y 1,2, respectivamente). No se evidenciaron diferencias entre realizar cierre temprano o tardío de IA, respecto de las variables CPO y de mortalidad hospitalaria.

Nursing Sensitive Outcomes evaluation in the Emergency Department: An Umbrella Review / Evaluación de resultados sensibles de Enfermería en el Servicio de urgencias. Revisión de alcance / Avaliação de resultados de enfermagem sensíveis no pronto-socorro. Revisão do escopo

Objective. The aim of this review was to identify reported nursing-sensitive outcomes in the Emergency Department to date. Methods. An Umbrella review was conducted. Four databases, CINAHL, Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus, were searched from inception until October 2022. MeSH terms were: "nursing", "sensitivity and specificity", "emergency service, hospital", "nursing care". Two reviewers independently screened studies against the inclusion criteria for eligibility, extracted data and assessed study quality with the SIGN tool. Results of the included studies were summarized and described in themes for narrative analysis. The study was enrolled in the PROSPERO registry (CRD42022376941) and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results. The search strategy yielded 2289 records. After duplicate removal, title, abstract and full-text eligibility screening, nine systematicInvest Educ Enferm. 2023; 41(3): e03Nursing Sensitive Outcomes evaluation in the Emergency Department:An Umbrella Reviewreviews were included in the review. A total of 35 nursing-sensitive outcomes were reported. The most described outcomes were waiting times, patient satisfaction and time to treatment. The less measured were mortality, left without being seen and physical function. Synthesizing nursing-sensitive outcomes in themes for reporting, the most measured outcomes were within the safety domain (n=20), followed by the clinical (n=9), perceptual (n=5) and the least explored functional domain (n=1). Conclusion. Nursing sensitive outcomes research in emergency nursing practice is a conceptual challenge still in its early stage. Several nursing-sensitive outcomes were identified in this review that can evaluate the contribution of emergency department nursing care to patient outcomes. Further research is required to explore patient outcomes sensitive to emergency nursing care.

Objetivo. Identificar los resultados sensibles de enfermería reportados en los Servicios de Urgencias. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión general. Se hicieron búsquedas en cuatro bases de datos, CINAHL, Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus, desde su inicio hasta octubre de 2022. Los términos MeSH empleados fueron: "nursing", "sensitivity and specificity", "emergency service, hospital", "nursing care". Dos revisores examinaron de forma independiente los estudios en función de los criterios de inclusión para determinar su elegibilidad, extrajeron los datos y evaluaron la calidad de los estudios con la herramienta SIGN. Los resultados de los estudios incluidos se resumieron y describieron en temas para el análisis narrativo. El estudio se inscribió en el registro PROSPERO (CRD42022376941) y se siguieron las directrices PRISMA. Resultados. La estrategia de búsqueda produjo 2289 registros. Tras la eliminación de duplicados y el cribado de elegibilidad de título, resumen y texto completo, se incluyeron en la revisión nueve revisiones sistemáticas. Se informó de un total de 35 resultados sensibles a la enfermería. Los resultados más descritos fueron los: tiempos de espera, la satisfacción del paciente y el tiempo hasta el tratamiento. Los menos medidos fueron la mortalidad, el tiempo sin ser evaluado y la función física. Sintetizando los resultados sensibles a la enfermería en temas para la notificación, los resultados más medidos estaban dentro del dominio de la seguridad (n=20), seguidos por el clínico (n=9), el perceptivo (n=5) y el dominio funcional menos explorado (n=1). Conclusión. En esta revisión se identificaron varios resultados sensibles a la enfermería que pueden evaluar la contribución de los cuidados de enfermería en los servicios de urgencias a los resultados de los pacientes. La investigación de resultados sensibles a la enfermería en la práctica de la enfermería de urgencias es un reto conceptual que aún se encuentra en su fase inicial.

Objetivo. Identificar resultados de enfermagem sensíveis notificados em Serviços de Emergência. Métodos. Foi realizada uma revisão geral. Foram pesquisadas quatro bases de dados: CINAHL, Pubmed, Web of Science e Scopus, desde a sua criação até outubro de 2022. Os termos MeSH utilizados foram: "enfermagem", "sensibilidade e especificidade", "serviço de emergência, hospital", "cuidados de enfermagem". Dois revisores selecionaram independentemente os estudos em relação aos critérios de inclusão para determinar a elegibilidade, extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade do estudo com a ferramenta SIGN. Os resultados dos estudos incluídos foram resumidos e descritos em temas para análise narrativa. O estudo foi registrado no registro PROSPERO (CRD42022376941) e as diretrizes PRISMA foram seguidas. Resultados. A estratégia de busca produziu 2.289 registros. Após remoção das duplicatas e triagem do título, resumo e texto completo para elegibilidade, nove revisões sistemáticas foram incluídas neste estudo. Foram relatados 35 resultados de enfermagem sensíveis, sendo os mais descritos: tempo de espera, satisfação do paciente e tempo para tratamento. Os menos frequentes foram: mortalidade, tempo sem avaliação e função física. Sintetizando os resultados sensíveis à enfermagem por meio de tópicos de relato, os mais mensurados foram dentro do domínio segurança (n=20), seguido do domínio clínico (n=9), do perceptual (n=5) e do funcional. menos explorados (n=1). Conclusão. Esta revisão identificou vários resultados sensíveis à enfermagem que podem avaliar a contribuição dos cuidados de enfermagem nos serviços de urgências para os resultados dos pacientes. A investigação de resultados sensíveis na prática de enfermagem em emergências é um desafio conceitual que ainda está em fase inicial.

Experiencia del tratamiento de la hernia incisional en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia / Experience of the treatment of incisional hernia in a third level hospital in Colombia

Introducción. El manejo de las hernias se ha instaurado como un problema quirúrgico común, estimándose su aumento en los próximos años. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el curso clínico, los aspectos del tratamiento quirúrgico y factores asociados a la presencia de complicaciones en pacientes intervenidos por hernia incisional. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo en el que se analizaron las características de una cohorte de pacientes llevados a corrección quirúrgica de hernia incisional en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, un centro de alta complejidad en Neiva, Colombia, entre 2012 y 2019. Los datos fueron recolectados en programa Microsoft Excel® y analizados en SPSSTM, versión 21. Resultados. Se realizaron 133 correcciones de hernias incisionales, 69,9 % en mujeres y la mayoría ubicadas en la línea media (84,2 %). La edad media de los pacientes al momento de la intervención fue de 52 años ±14,6. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron obesidad, hipertensión y diabetes. La causa más frecuente de la hernia fue traumática (61,7 %). La frecuencia de complicaciones fue superior al 50 %, en su mayoría menores; se encontró asociación con obesidad para la presencia de seroma. La mortalidad fue del 2,3 %. Conclusión.La hernia incisional es un problema de salud pública. Consideramos que la obesidad y el uso de malla pueden ser factores de riesgo asociados con la presentación de complicaciones postoperatorias, así como el aumento de los gastos relacionados con días de hospitalización

Introduction. Hernias management has become a common surgical problem, with an estimated increase in the coming years. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course, aspects of surgical treatment and factors associated with the presence of complications in patients operated on for incisional hernia. Methods. Descriptive study, in which the characteristics of a cohort of patients taken to surgical correction of incisional hernia at the Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, a high complexity medical center located in Neiva, Colombia, between 2012 and 2019 were analyzed, whose data were collected in Microsoft Excel® software and analyzed in SPSSTM, version 21. Results. One-hundred-thirty-three incisional hernia corrections were performed. The mean age at the intervention was 52 years ±14.6. The most frequent comorbidities were weight disorders, hypertension and diabetes. Only one laparoscopy was performed, the first etiology of the hernia was traumatic (61.7%) and midline (84.2%). The frequency of complications was greater than 50%, mostly minors. An association with obesity was found for the presence of seroma. Mortality was 2.3%. Conclusion. Incisional hernia is a public health problem. We consider that obesity and the use of mesh are a risk factor associated with the presentation of postoperative complications as well as the increase in costs related to days of hospitalization

Asociación entre el riesgo nutricional, estancia hospitalaria y diagnóstico médico en pacientes de un hospital del seguro social peruano

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación que existe entre el riesgo nutricional, la estancia hospitalaria y el diagnóstico médico en pacientes hospitalizados en el Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación Profesional (CERP) del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte longitudinal, retrospectivo, que incluyó a las personas hospitalizadas durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de julio del 2021 y el 27 de febrero del 2022. Hubo un seguimiento de los pacientes hasta su alta del centro hospitalario (egreso). Se excluyeron los individuos menores de 18 años, gestantes o puérperas, y cuya permanencia fue menor a 24 horas. Los datos de interés fueron recogidos a partir de la revisión de las historias clínicas y kárdex de nutrición. La variable principal fue el riesgo nutricional, el cual fue detectado mediante el Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002; las variables secundarias fueron los grupos etarios, el sexo, la estancia hospitalaria, el diagnóstico médico principal, la condición de egreso y el estado nutricional. En el análisis de los datos, para la comparación de variables cualitativas o categóricas se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado y para variables cuantitativas, la prueba t de Student y ANOVA. Se consideró significancia estadística al valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 1 929 pacientes. La prevalencia del riesgo nutricional fue 33,13 %. Los pacientes con esta condición presentaron tasas de mortalidad más altas (57,51 %). Se observó que la prevalencia del riesgo nutricional está relacionada con una mayor estancia hospitalaria (4,6 días más) (p < 0,001), con el diagnóstico nutricional de delgadez (48,67 %) (p < 0,001) y con el diagnóstico médico, donde la enfermedad oncológica es la más asociada (50,93 %). Conclusiones: El riesgo nutricional se asocia a una evolución negativa de la enfermedad, lo que origina un aumento de la estancia hospitalaria, la tasa de mortalidad y, por ende, los costos intrahospitalarios. Es importante realizar su detección temprana para poder brindar intervenciones nutricionales adecuadas.

Objective: To determine the association between nutritional risk, hospital stay and medical diagnosis among patients admitted at Centro Especializado de Rehabilitación Profesional (CERP) of Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Materials and methods: An observational retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted with inpatients between July 1, 2021 and February 27, 2022. The patients were followed up until they left the hospital (discharge). Individuals under 18 years of age, pregnant or puerperal women, and those whose stay was less than 24 hours were excluded. The data of interest was collected from the patients' medical records and diet cards. The main variable was the nutritional risk, which was detected using the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002. The secondary variables were age group, sex, hospital stay, main medical diagnosis, discharge condition and nutritional status. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test to compare the qualitative or categorical variables, and the Student's t-test and ANOVA for the quantitative variables. A value of p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 1,929 patients were included in the study. Nutritional risk prevalence accounted for 33.13 %. Patients with this condition showed the highest mortality rates (57.51 %). It was found that nutritional risk prevalence was related to a longer hospital stay (4.6 more days) (p < 0.001), a diagnosis of constitutional thinness (48.67 %) (p < 0.001) and the medical diagnosis, being oncology disorders the most associated ones (50.93 %). Conclusions: Nutritional risk is associated with disease progression, resulting in an increased hospital stay, mortality rate and therefore hospital costs. Early detection is important to provide adequate dietary interventions.

Management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in preterm and low birth weight infants / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the treatment of preterm and low birth weight infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to share the experience.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 117 newborns with CDH who underwent major surgery at Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from May 1, 2011, to March 31, 2022. Based on gestational age and birth weight, the infants were divided into the preterm and/or low birth weight group (gestational age < 37 weeks and/or birth weight less than 2 500 g, n=41) and the control group (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks and birth weight ≥ 2 500 g, n=76). Furthermore, the preterm and/or low birth weight infants were divided into the thoracoscopic surgery subgroup ( n=31) and the open surgery subgroup ( n=10) according to the surgical approach. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using two independent sample t-tests, rank sum tests, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact probability test. Results:Preoperative data showed that the Apgar scores at 1 min [7.0 (6.0-8.0) vs 9.0 (8.0-9.8), Z=－4.03] and 5 min [9.0 (8.0-10.0) vs 9.0 (9.0-10.0), Z=－2.13] of the preterm and/or low birth weight infants were both lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05), while the proportion of infants with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension was higher [68.3% (28/41) vs 38.2% (29/76), χ 2=9.68, P<0.05]. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the proportion of thoracoscopic surgery, operation time, right diaphragmatic hernia, presence of hernia sac, grading of the defect, presence of liver herniation, and application of mesh (all P>0.05). Regarding the postoperative outcomes, the death rate in the preterm and/or low birth weiht group was higher compared to the control group [36.6% (15/41) vs 13.2% (10/76), χ 2=8.70, P<0.05]. Additionally, the time required to resume full enteral nutrition after surgery was longer in the preterm and/or low birth weight group than that in the control group [25 d (18-29 d) vs 16 d (10-25 d), Z=2.31, P<0.05]. The thoracoscopic subgroup had a lower mortality compared to the open surgery subgroup [25.8% (8/31) vs 7/10, P<0.05]. The thoracoscopic surgery subgroup had a higher Apgar score at 1 min after birth [(7.4±1.6) vs (6.0±2.2), t=2.20, P<0.05], later age at operation (hours after birth) [31.0 h (23.0-48.0 h) vs 17.0 h (4.7-24.5 h), Z=2.57, P<0.05], a lower proportion of infants operated within 24 hours after birth [32.3% (10/31) vs 8/10, P<0.05], and longer duration of operation [170.0 min (122.0-200.0 min) vs 110.0 min (87.3-120.0 min), Z=3.65, P<0.05]. Conclusions:In this study, a higher mortality in the preterm and/or low birth weight group compared to the control group was observed, which may be attributed to the higher proportion of neonates with moderate-severe pulmonary hypertension. The thoracoscopic diaphragmatic repair can be attempted for preterm and low birth weight infants who have relatively stable respiratory and circulatory functions.

Early outcomes of the bird-cage chest wall reconstruction in the Philippine General Hospital

Objective@#To describe the treatment outcomes of patients with chest wall tumors undergoing resection and Birdcage chest wall reconstruction in the local setting. @*Methods@#Data were obtained from 13 patients who underwent chest wall resection and Bird-cage (methylmethacrylate neo-rib, mesh, soft tissue, and skin) reconstruction in the Philippine General Hospital from January 2008 to September 2019. Demographics, operative procedures, 30-day operative morbidity, and mortality were evaluated using means and frequencies.@*Results@#We included 13 (77% female) patients with a mean age of 44.5 years. The most common indication for chest wall resection was recurrent neoplasm (5/13, 38.46%). The most extensive chest wall defect was 600 cm2. The average length of ICU stay was 5.15 days, and two patients had prolonged intubation (>3 days). The graft infection rate was 38%, pneumonia 23%, and the operative mortality rate was zero.@*Conclusion@#Bird-cage reconstruction is a safe, reliable, and cheap method of providing rigid chest wall reconstruction for chest wall tumor resection.

Uso de albúmina a largo plazo en el paciente cirrótico. Revisión sistemática / Long-term use of albumin in the cirrhotic patient. Systematic review

Introducción. La cirrosis constituye la etapa final de la enfermedad hepática crónica, con una alta mortalidad, y puede deberse a diferentes etiologías. La albúmina tiene tres indicaciones bien establecidas: la prevención de la disfunción circulatoria inducida por paracentesis, la peritonitis bacteriana espontánea y el síndrome hepatorrenal, sin embargo, su uso a largo plazo es controvertido. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar si el uso prolongado de la albúmina tiene efectos beneficiosos en el tratamiento de pacientes cirróticos. Metodología. Se realizaron búsquedas en la base de datos de PubMed, empleando los siguientes términos: ("Liver Cirrhosis"[Mesh]) AND ("Serum Albumin"[Mesh] OR "Serum Albumin, Human"[Mesh]). Se excluyeron los artículos que no cumplieron con la temática y aquellos que tenían más de 5 años de antigüedad, a excepción de aquellos relevantes para la revisión. Resultados. Se ha demos-trado en varios estudios realizados en los últimos 4 años, que la administración prolongada de albúmina reduce la mortalidad en el paciente cirrótico. Además, resulta en una disminución en ingresos hospitalarios por complicaciones de la cirrosis, disminución de la necesidad de para-centesis y menor uso de albúmina para otras indicaciones ya establecidas, lo que contrarresta los costos derivados de la terapia. Conclusión. Se concluye con base en la evidencia presenta-da, que el uso de albúmina a largo plazo podría resultar beneficioso en pacientes con cirrosis hepática descompensada. No obstante, es necesario abordar otros aspectos de la terapia en estudios posteriores

Introduction. Cirrhosis is the final stage of chronic liver disease, has a high mortality and can be due to different etiologies. Albumin has three well-established indications: prevention of circulatorydysfunction induced by paracentesis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome, however, its long-term use is controversial. The objective of this review was to identify if the prolonged use of albumin has beneficial effects in the treatment of cirrhotic patients. Methodology. PubMed database was searched using the following terms: ("Liver Cirrhosis"[Mesh]) AND ("Serum Albumin"[Mesh] OR "Serum Albumin, Human"[Mesh]). Articles that did not meet the topic and those that were more than 5 years old were excluded, except for those relevant to the review. Results.It has been shown in several studies within the previous 4 years, that prolonged administration of albumin reduces mortality in cirrhotic patients. In addition, it results in a decrease in hospital ad-missions due to complications of cirrhosis, a decrease in the need for paracentesis and less use of albumin for other established indications, which offsets the costs derived from therapy. Conclusion. It is concluded based on the evidence presented, that the long-term use of albumin could be beneficial in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. However, other aspects of the therapy need to be addressed in further studies

Hemangioma hepático gigante único: serie de casos con seguimiento de pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente / Single giant liver hemangioma: case series with follow-up of patients treated surgically

El tratamiento del hemangioma hepático gigante (HHG), sigue siendo motivo de controversia. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar los resultados de pacientes con HHG resecados quirúrgicamente en términos de morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO). Serie de casos con seguimiento. Se incluyeron pacientes con HHG, sometidos a cirugía de forma consecutiva, en Clínica RedSalud Mayor, entre 2011 y 2020. La variable resultado fue MPO. Otras variables de interés fueron: tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. Las pacientes fueron seguidas de forma clínica. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se intervinieron 5 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 38 años. La medianas del tiempo quirúrgico y estancia hospitalaria; fueron 75 min y 4 días respectivamente. La MPO fue 20 % (1 caso de seroma). Con una mediana de seguimiento de 41 meses, los pacientes se encuentran asintomáticos y no se ha verificado morbilidad alejada. La resección quirúrgica de un HHG se puede realizar con escasa morbilidad, tanto en términos numéricos como de gravedad de la complicación observada.

SUMMARY: Treatment of giant hepatic hemangioma (GHH) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of surgically resected GHH patients in terms of postoperative morbidity (POM). Case series with follow-up. Patients with GHH who underwent surgery consecutively at the RedSalud Mayor Clinic between 2011 and 2020 were included. The outcome variable was POM. Other variables of interest were surgical time, hospital stay and mortality. The patients were followed up clinically. Descriptive statistics were used, with measures of central tendency and dispersion. Five patients underwent surgery, with a median age of 38 years. The median surgical time and hospital stay; were 75 min and 4 days respectively. The MPO was 20 % (1 case of seroma). With a median follow-up of 41 months, the patients are asymptomatic, and no distant morbidity has been verified. Surgical resection of GHH can be performed with low morbidity, both in terms of numbers and the severity of the complication observed.

Risk factors for health care-associated infections by ESBL-producing germs in an intensive care unit of a public hospital in Bogotá D.C., Colombia / Factores de riesgo para infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud por gérmenes productores de BLEE en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital público en Bogotá D.C., Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) produced by gram-negative bacteria have been associated with increased hospital morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stays, use of carbapenems, and higher health care costs. Few studies have assessed the risk factors for infection by ESBL-producing germs in intensive care units (ICU). Objective: To determine the risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in an ICU of a public tertiary care hospital and to assess the impact of this type of infection on mortality. Materials and methods: A case-control study with a 1:2 ratio (97 cases and 194 controls) was conducted in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU of a public tertiary care hospital in Bogotá D.C. (Colombia) between January 2016 and December 2019, and in which a HAI by ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae or E. coli (cases: n=97) or K. pneumoniae or E. coli with a normal antibiotic resistance pattern (controls: n=194) was documented. Bivariate analyses were performed using the chi-squared and the Mann-Whitney U tests. A logistic regression model was used in the multivariate analysis, and a two-tailed test was performed with the p-values obtained in the bivariate analyses. Results: ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates were identified in 57 (58.76%) and 40 (41.24%) patients, respectively. These isolates were obtained mainly from urine samples (30,92%), followed by peritoneal fluid (27.80%). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of urinary tract infection on admission to the ICU was identified as a risk factor (OR=5.63, 95%CI: 1.918-16.53;; p=0.002). The mortality rate was 28.17% (26.29% in the controls and 31.95% in the cases), but no significant difference was observed between groups (p=0.311). Conclusion: Urinary tract infection on admission to the ICU was a risk factor for HAIs by ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae or E. coli. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between cases and controls in terms of mortality.

Resumen Introducción. Las betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) producidas por gérmenes gram negativos se han asociado con aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad hospitalaria, mayor estancia hospitalaria, uso de carbapenémicos y mayores costos de atención en salud. Existen pocos trabajos que evalúen los factores de riesgo para infección por gérmenes productores de BLEE en unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI). Objetivo. Determinar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS) por Klebsiella pneumoniae y Escherichia coli productoras de BLEE en una UCI de un hospital público de tercer nivel de atención y evaluar el impacto de este tipo de infección en la mortalidad. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles con relación 1:2 realizado en pacientes críticamente enfermos admitidos entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2019 a la UCI de un hospital público de tercer nivel de Bogotá D.C., Colombia, y en los que se documentó una IAAS por K. pneumoniae o E. coli productoras de BLEE (casos; n=97) y por K. pneumoniae o E. coli con fenotipo de resistencia natural (controles; n=194). Se realizaron análisis bivariados mediante las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y U de Mann-Whitney. En el análisis multivariado se usó un modelo de regresión logística, con una prueba de dos colas con los valores p obtenidos en los análisis bivariados. Resultados. Se identificaron aislamientos de K. pneumoniae y de E. coli productoras de BLEE en 57 (58,76%) y 40 (41,24%) de los casos, respectivamente y estos aislamientos se obtuvieron principalmente de muestras de orina (30.92%), seguido de líquido peritoneal (27.83%). En el análisis multivariado, la presencia de infección de vías urinarias al ingreso a UCI fue identificada como factor de riesgo (OR=5.63, IC95%:1.918-16.527; p=0,002). La tasa de mortalidad fue del 28.17% (26.29% en los controles y 31.95% en los casos), pero no se observó una diferencia significativa entre grupos (p=0.311). Conclusión. La infección de vías urinarias al ingreso a la UCI fue un factor de riesgo para la IAAS por K. pneumoniae o E. coli productoras de BLEE. Además, no se observó una diferencia significativa entre los casos y controles en términos de mortalidad.

Factors related to mortality in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease on dialysis with COVID-19: An exploratory case series analysis / Factores relacionados con mortalidad de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 5 en diálisis con COVID-19: Análisis exploratorio de una serie de casos

Introduction Different studies describe the clinical profile and factors that could explain the evolution and outcome of patients with chronic kidney disease and COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate the factors related to the mortality of patients with stage-5 chronic kidney disease on chronic dialysis hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza from April to December 2020. Methods Retrospective case series and exploratory analysis were performed. Patients with stage-5 chronic kidney disease on dialysis, older than 18 years, and hospitalized for COVID-19 disease were included. Hospital medical records were the primary data source. Results A total of 105 medical records were reviewed. 57 were male (54.3%), with a mean age of 58.6 years (standard deviation: 14.3). Eighty-four patients survived (80%), and 21 died (20%). The main cause of hospital admission, present in 80 patients (76.2%), was respiratory failure; the mean hospital stay was of 11.8 days (SD: 7.8). In the bivariate analysis: patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, overweight and obesity, increased levels of leukocytes, D-dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, as well as, decreased levels of lymphocytes, bicarbonate and arterial oxygen pressure/inspired oxygen fraction were related to mortality risk. In multivariate analysis, only severe COVID-19 disease (OR 1.48; 95% CI 2.24 to 7.77), C-reactive protein > 10 mg/dL (OR: 9.72; 95% CI: 1.41 to 18.58), and arterial oxygen pressure/inspired oxygen fraction ≤ 150 millimeters of mercury (OR: 10.23; 95% CI: 5.87 to 36.06) were factors associated with poor survival. Conclusions In patients with stage-5 chronic kidney disease hospitalized for COVID-19, severe COVID-19 disease, C-protein reactive levels > 10 milligrams per deciliter, arterial oxygen pressure / inspired oxygen fraction ≤ 150 millimeters of mercury and severe COVID-19 disease were the main factors related to mortality.

Introducción Diferentes estudios describen el perfil clínico y los factores que podrían explicar la evolución y el resultado de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica y COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los factores relacionados con la mortalidad de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica estadio-5 en diálisis crónica hospitalizados por COVID-19 en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza de abril a diciembre de 2020. Métodos Serie de casos retrospectiva y análisis exploratorio. Se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica estadio 5 en diálisis, mayores de 18 años, hospitalizados por COVID-19. La fuente primaria de datos fueron las historias clínicas. Resultados Se revisaron 105 historias clínicas. 57 (54,3%) eran varones, con una edad media de 58,6 años (desviación estándar: 14,3). Sobrevivieron 84 (80%) pacientes y fallecieron 21 (20%). La principal causa de ingreso hospitalario fue la insuficiencia respiratoria en 80 (76,2%). La estancia hospitalaria fue de 11,8 días (desviación estándar: 7,8). En el análisis bivariante: los pacientes con COVID-19 moderada a grave, sobrepeso y obesidad, aumento de los niveles de leucocitos, dímero D, ferritina, proteína c reactiva, lactato deshidrogenasa, así como, disminución de los niveles de linfocitos, bicarbonato y presión arterial de oxígeno/fracción inspirada de oxígeno se relacionaron con el riesgo de mortalidad. En el análisis multivariante, sólo la enfermedad grave por COVID-19 (odds ratio: 1,48; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 2,24 a 7,77), la proteína C reactiva > 10 mg/dL (odds ratio: 9,72; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1,41 a 18,58) y una presión arterial de oxígeno/fracción de oxígeno inspirado ≤ 150 milímetros de mercurio (odds ratio: 10,23; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 5,87 a 36,06) fueron factores asociados a una mala supervivencia. Conclusiones En los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio-5 hospitalizados por COVID-19, la enfermedad grave por COVID-19, los niveles de proteína C reactiva > 10 miligramos por decilitro, la presión arterial de oxígeno/fracción inspirada de oxígeno ≤ 150 milímetros de mercurio y la enfermedad grave por COVID-19 fueron los principales factores relacionados con la mortalidad.

Placenta previa: risk factors and impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Bogotá, Colombia / Placenta previa: factores de riesgo e impacto en la morbimortalidad materno-perinatal en Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Placenta previa can cause bleeding during the second half of pregnancy and may compromise the health of both the mother and the fetus. Knowing the associated risk factors allows for the early identification of pregnant women at high risk of placenta previa. Objective: To describe the risk factors for placenta previa in a sample of pregnant women treated in Bogotá D.C., Colombia, as well as their maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods: Retrospective descriptive study. 17 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa and admitted to the High Obstetric Risk Unit of a tertiary care hospital between 2013 and 2017 were included. Medical records were reviewed to collect data on risk factors for placenta previa and clinical and sociodemo-graphic characteristics. In the descriptive analysis, means and standard deviations and absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Results: The most frequent risk factors were >4 pregnancies (64.70%), maternal age >35 years (29.41%), and history of miscarriage (29.41%). Maternal morbidity was higher than fetal morbidity: three patients required transfusion of blood products, and another underwent a subtotal hysterectomy, while no perinatal complications were reported, with the exception of one stillbirth. Conclusions: A history of miscarriage, >4 pregnancies, and maternal age >35 years were the most frequent risk factors. Furthermore, the degree of maternal-perinatal complications did not depend on the type of placenta previa. Knowing which pregnant women are at higher risk of placenta previa as a result of the early identification of these risk factors allows for a better clinical approach, reducing morbidity and mortality rates in both the mother and the child.

Resumen Introducción. La placenta previa puede causar hemorragias en la segunda mitad del embarazo que pueden llegar a comprometer la salud materno-perinatal. Conocer los factores de riesgo asociados permite identificar tempranamente gestantes con alto riesgo de placenta previa. Objetivo. Describir los factores de riesgo de placenta previa en una muestra de gestantes atendidas en Bogotá D.C., Colombia, así como su impacto en la morbimortalidad materno -perinatal. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 17 gestantes diagnosticadas con placenta previa que ingresaron entre 2013 y 2017 a la Unidad de Alto Riesgo Obstétrico de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se revisaron las historias clínicas para recolectar datos sobre factores de riesgo y características clínicas y sociodemográficas. En el análisis descriptivo, para las variables cuantitativas se calcularon medias y desviaciones estándar y para las cualitativas, frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron haber tenido >4 embarazos (64.70%), edad materna >35 años (29.41%) y aborto previo (29.41%). La morbilidad materna fue mayor que la fetal: 3 pacientes requirieron transfusión de hemoderivados y en otra fue necesario realizar histerectomía subtotal, mientras que no se reportaron complicaciones perinatales, a excepción de un mortinato. Conclusiones. Haber tenido >4 embarazos, tener una edad materna >35 años y el antecedente de aborto fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes; además, el grado de las complicaciones materno-perinatales fue independiente del tipo de placenta previa. Saber cuáles son las gestantes con mayor riesgo de presentar esta condición mediante la identificación temprana de estos factores permite brindarles un mejor abordaje clínico, lo que permitirá disminuir la morbimortalidad del binomio madre-hijo.

Clinical usefulness of cancer antigen 125 biomarker for diagnosing tuberculosis: experience in Cali, Colombia / Utilidad del biomarcador antigeno del cáncer 125 para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis: experiencia en Cali, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Diagnosing extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a challenge for physicians. It has been suggested that cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), which is produced by mesothelial cells, may be an EPTB diagnostic biomarker. Objective: To describe serum CA-125 levels behavior in patients with TB treated in a referral university hospital located in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 TB patients treated at Fundación Valle del Lili between 2007 and 2016 with CA-125 measurements (U/mL) made before TB treatment was started. Cases were classified as pulmonary TB (PTB) (n=33) or EPTB (n=66). A bivariate analysis was performed to compare the variables of interest (sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory findings data) between EPTB and PTB groups, and to determine differences between patients with CA-125 positive results and those with negative results in relation to mortality. Results: Elevated CA-125 levels were reported in 55 patients (55.56%), and positive CA-125 results (>35 U/mL) were more frequent in the EPTB group (59.09% vs. 48.48%). In the EPTB group, results were positive in tuberculous serositis cases (100% pericardial TB, 68.42% peritoneal TB, and 66.66% pleural TB), and in 66.66% of miliary TB and spinal TB cases, respectively. Also, 15 TB infection-related deaths were reported in the follow-up period (n=66), of which 13 had a CA-125 positive result, finding a significant difference with those with negative results (p=0.021); however, 47.05% of the surviving patients also had a positive result. Conclusions: Most of tuberculous serositis, miliary TB, and spinal TB cases showed elevated CA-125 levels before starting TB treatment. Therefore, CA-125 may be useful for prognostic purposes in these patients.

Resumen Introducción. El diagnóstico de la tuberculosis extrapulmonar (TBEP) es un reto para los médicos. Se ha sugerido que el antígeno del cáncer 125 (CA-125), producido por las células mesoteliales, puede ser un biomarcador diagnóstico de TBEP. Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento de los niveles séricos del CA-125 en pacientes con tuberculosis (TB) atendidos en un hospital de referencia de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 99 pacientes con TB y mediciones de CA-125 (U/mL) antes de iniciar tratamiento para TB atendidos en la Fundación Valle del Lili entre 2007 y 2016. Los casos se clasificaron como TB pulmonar (TBP) (n=33) o TBEP (n=66). Se realizó un análisis bivariado para comparar las variables de interés (datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de laboratorio) entre los grupos TBEP y TBP, y para determinar diferencias entre pacientes con resultados positivos y negativos para CA-125 en relación con la mortalidad. Resultados. Se reportaron niveles elevados de CA-125 en 55 pacientes (55.56%). Los resultados positivos para CA-125 (>35 U/mL) fueron más frecuentes en el grupo TBEP (59.0% vs. 48.48%). En el grupo TBEP se encontraron resultados positivos en los casos de serositis tuberculosa (100% TB pericárdica, 68.42% TB peritoneal y 66.66% TB pleural), y en 66.66% de los casos de TB miliar y vertebral, respectivamente. Además, se reportaron 15 muertes relacionadas con la infección por TB en el período de seguimiento (n=66), de las cuales 13 tuvieron un resultado positivo para CA-125, encontrando una diferencia significativa con aquellas con resultados negativos (p=0.021); sin embargo, el 47.05% de los pacientes supervivientes también tuvo un resultado positivo. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los casos de serositis tuberculosa, TB miliar y vertebral tuvieron niveles elevados de CA-125 antes de iniciar el tratamiento de la TB. El CA-125 puede resultar útil para fines de pronóstico en estos pacientes.

Endometriosis de la pared abdominal en relación con cicatriz de operación cesárea: serie de casos / Abdominal wall endometriosis in relation to cesarean section scar: number of cases

RESUMEN: La endometriosis (E), se define como presencia de glándulas endometriales y estroma fuera del útero. Ocasionalmente se presenta como masa sensible en la pared abdominal (PA), en relación con una cicatriz quirúrgica (EPA). Aunque el tratamiento es quirúrgico, existe poca información respecto de la morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO) y la recurrencia de la EPA. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar MPO y recurrencia en pacientes resecadas quirúrgicamente por EPA. Serie de casos de pacientes con EPA, sometidos a cirugía de forma consecutiva, en Clínica RedSalud Mayor, entre 2011 y 2021. Las variables resultados MPO y recurrencia. Otras variables de interés fueron: tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. Las pacientes fueron seguidas de forma clínica. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se intervinieron 14 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 33 años. La medianas del tiempo quirúrgico y estancia hospitalaria; fueron 55 min y 2,5 días respectivamente. La MPO fue 14,2 % (2 casos). Con una mediana de seguimiento de 31 meses, no se verificó recurrencia. Aunque la EPA es poco común, estas lesiones deben sospecharse en mujeres en edad reproductiva con masa palpable en relación con una cicatriz de cirugía ginecológica u obstétrica. Los resultados obtenidos, en términos de MPO y recurrencia, fueron similares a series internacionales.

SUMMARY: Endometriosis (E) is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and endometrial stroma outside the uterus. Occasionally it presents as a sensitive mass in the abdominal wall (AW), in relation to a surgical scar (AWE). Although the treatment is surgical, there is scarce information regarding postoperative morbidity (POM) and recurrence of AWE. The aim of this study was to determine POM and recurrence in patients surgically resected by AWE. Case series of patients with AWE, consecutively submitted to surgery, at RedSalud Mayor Clinic, between 2011 and 2021. Outcome variables were POM and recurrence. Other variables of interest were surgical time, hospital stay and mortality. Patients were followed-up clinically. Descriptive statistics were used, applying central tendency and dispersion measures. 14 patients were intervened, with a median age of 33 years. Median of surgical time and hospital stay were 55 min and 2,5 days respectively. POM was 14.2 % (2 cases). With a median follow-up of 31 months no recurrence was verified. Although AWE is uncommon, these lesions should be suspected in women in fertile age with a palpable mass associated with a scar from gynecologic or obstetric surgery. The results obtained, in terms of POM and recurrence, were like international series.

Resultados de la cirugía de urgencia en pacientes con cáncer de colon perforado / Results of emergency surgery in patients with perforated colon cancer

RESUMEN: Gran parte de los pacientes con cáncer de colon (CC), son diagnosticados y tratados de forma electiva. Sin embargo, aproximadamente un 20 % de ellos debutará como una emergencia (obstrucción o perforación). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO) y supervivencia global (SVG) en pacientes resecados por CC perforado (CCP). Serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con CCP, sometidos a colectomía y linfadenectomía, de forma consecutiva, en Clínica RedSalud Mayor y Hospital de Temuco, Chile, entre 2010 y 2019. Las variables resultados fueron SVG y MPO. Otras variables de interés fueron: tiempo quirúrgico, resecabilidad, número de linfonodos resecados, estancia hospitalaria, mortalidad operatoria, recurrencia y supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE). Los pacientes fueron seguidos de forma clínica. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión; y análisis de SV con curvas de Kaplan Meier. Se intervinieron 15 pacientes (60 % mujeres), con una mediana de edad de 62 años. La localización más frecuente fue sigmoides (6 casos; 40,0 %). La resecabilidad de la serie fue 100 %. La medianas del tiempo quirúrgico, número de linfonodos resecados y estancia hospitalaria; fueron 80 min, 20 y 5 días respectivamente. La MPO fue 26,7 % (4 casos). Con una mediana de seguimiento de 36 meses, se verificó una recurrencia de 40,0 %. Por otra parte, la SVG y SLE a 5 años fue 46,7 % y 33,3 % respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos, en términos de MPO y SVG, fueron similares a series internacionales.

SUMMARY: Most patients with colon cancer (CC) are diagnosed and treated electively. However, a fifth of them will debut as an emergency (obstruction or perforation). The aim of this study was to determine postoperative morbidity (POM) and overall survival (OS) in patients resected by perforated CC (PCC). Retrospective case series of patients with PCC undergoing colectomy and lymphadenectomy, consecutively, at RedSalud Mayor Clinic and Temuco hospital, Chile, between 2010 and 2019. The outcome variable were POM and OS. Other variables of interest were surgical time, resectability, number of resected lymph nodes, hospital stay, mortality, recurrence, and disease-free survival (DFS). Patients were followed clinically. Descriptive statistics was used (measures of central tendency and dispersion), and OS analysis was applying Kaplan Meier curves.15 patients (60 % women) were intervened, with a median age of 62 years. The most frequent location was the sigmoid colon (6 cases, 40.0 %). Resectability of the series was 100 %. Median surgical time, number of lymph nodes resected, and hospital stay; they were 80 min, 20 and 5 days respectively. POM was 26.7 % (4 cases). With a median follow-up of 36 months, recurrence was 40.0 %. On the other hand, OS and DFS at 5 years were 46.7 % and 33.3 %, respectively. The observed results, in terms of POM and OS, were like international series.

Experiencia en el manejo del ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en dos centros de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Ibagué (Colombia) entre junio del 2019 y junio del 2020 / Ischemic stroke management - Experience in two third-level hospitals in Ibague (Colombia) from June 2019 to June 2020

RESUMEN INTRODUCCION: El ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) de etiología isquémica es una patología cuya incidencia y mortalidad aumentaron en la última década. Cuando se maneja oportunamente, mediante trombólisis como terapia inicial, mejora su desenlace y funcionalidad. En el departamento del Tolima (Colombia) no hay registros de esta patología y en el país la bibliografía al respecto es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar los desenlaces clínicos del manejo agudo con r-tPA en los pacientes que presentaron ACV isquémico en dos instituciones de la ciudad de Ibagué, capital de dicho departamento, entre junio del 2019 y junio del 2020, e identificar los tiempos de atención hospitalaria y las principales variables asociadas con el grupo de pacientes que fallecieron. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal del manejo del ACV isquémico con r-tPA, en el que se describen las variables sociodemográficas, la escala NIHSS como evaluación neurológica inicial, los tiempos de atención (inicio-aguja, puerta-tac y puerta-aguja), los desenlaces postoperatorios y el Rankin modificado al egreso. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 38 pacientes con una media de 67,37 años, el 60,53 % fueron mujeres. La escala NIHSS al ingreso fue 13,47 puntos (DE 5,24). Los tiempos de atención fueron 183 minutos (DE 72,63) inicio-aguja, 41 minutos (RIQ 17-72) puerta-TAC y 101,50 minutos (RIQ 77 - 137,25) puerta-aguja. La mortalidad fue del 23,68 %. CONCLUSION: La mortalidad y el desenlace funcional del ACV en nuestra población fueron similares a los reportados en la literatura nacional e internacional, sin embargo, es preciso implementar protocolos de atención del infarto cerebral para incrementar el número de pacientes con desenlace favorable, acortando los tiempos de atención en toda la cadena del tratamiento adecuado del infarto cerebral.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Ischemic stroke is a growing disease in the last decade, increasing both its incidence and its mortality. However, timely thrombolysis management as initial therapy can improve both disease progression as well as an individual's functionality. In Tolima, there are no registries of this disease and in Colombia in general, the literature is limited. The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical outcomes of the acute management of ischemic stroke using r-tPA as well as identifying in-hospital treatment times, at two institutions in Ibague between 2019 and 2020. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Using a cross-sectional descriptive study, we describe the management of ischemic stroke using r-tPA, describing sociodemographic variables, NIHSS scale as the initial neurological evaluation, in-hospital treatment times (symptoms-to-needle, door-to-TAC, door-to-needle), the clinical outcomes, and lastly the modified Rankin score upon discharge. RESULTS: We included 38 patients with median age of 67,37 years, 60,53 % were females. The initial average NIHSS scale upon admission was 13,47 (DE 5,24). In-hospital attention time averages were: symptoms-to-needle 183 minutes (DE 72,63), door-to-CAT 41 minutes (RIQ 17-72), and door-to-needle 101,50 minutes (RIQ 77-137,25). Overall the rate of mortality was 23,68 %. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality and functionality outcomes of the stroke population observed was similar to previously reported, both nationally and internationally. However, protocols should be implemented for the timely ischemic stroke management to improve the number of patients with favorable outcomes, by reducing the in-hospital attention times in all areas of the management chain.

Efficacy and safety of inhalation of pulmonary surfactant using vibrating mesh nebulizers combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) combined with inhalation of pulmonary surfactant (PS) using vibrating mesh nebulizers in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods:A prospective study was performed on premature infants with RDS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between December 2020 and June 2021. They were randomly assigned into vibrating mesh atomization technology group and intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) technology group. The two groups were treated with NCPAP combined with PS. PS in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group was inhaled into the lungs by the new vibrating mesh atomization technology, while PS in the INSURE group was injected into the lungs by endotracheal tube. The pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2), oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2), mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube (MVET) demand rate, duration of respiratory support, secondary use of PS, complications, and hospital mortality were compared between the two groups. The occurrences of adverse events in the two groups were recorded. Results:A total of 42 preterm infants were finally enrolled, including 20 cases in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group and 22 cases in the INSURE technology group. There were no significant differences in blood gas analysis and PaO 2/FiO 2 before PS administration between the two groups. One hour after PS administration, blood gas analysis and PaO 2/FiO 2 were significantly improved in both groups. Compared with the INSURE technology group, the improvement of PaO 2/FiO 2 was more obvious in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group [mmHg (1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 198±34 vs. 173±39, P < 0.05], but no significant difference in pH value or PaCO 2 was found between the two groups. The duration of respiratory support in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group was significantly shorter than that in the INSURE technology group (hours: 96±13 vs. 120±18, P < 0.01), but there was no statistical difference in MVET demand rate [5.0% (1/20) vs. 13.6% (3/22), P > 0.05]. The incidence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH) in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group was less than that in the INSURE technology group [0% (0/20) vs. 18.2% (4/22)], but no statistical difference was found ( P > 0.05). No significant differences in the secondary use rate of PS and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or other complications were found between the vibrating mesh atomization technology group and the INSURE technology group [5.0% (1/20) vs. 9.1% (2/22), 5.0% (1/20) vs. 4.5% (1/22), both P > 0.05]. There were no deaths or serious adverse events such as pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in both groups. Conclusion:Compared with the INSURE technique, NCPAP combined with vibrating mesh atomization technology was also effective and safe in the treatment of RDS, which could significantly improve PaO 2/FiO 2 and shorten the duration of respiratory support. Thus, it was worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Diagnosis, treatment and impacts of post-infarction mental health problems: a systematic review / Diagnóstico, tratamento e impactos dos problemas de saúde mental no pós-infarto: uma revisão sistemática

Depressão e ansiedade são transtornos prevalentes no período pós-infarto do miocárdio e constituem fatores que acrescem incapacidades e influenciam a morbimortalidade do paciente previamente infartado. No entanto, não há diretrizes nacionais no que diz respeito às repercussões na qualidade de vida, às estratégias para diagnóstico e ao melhor tratamento dessas comorbidades. Além disso, as evidências existentes frequentemente não se encontram reunidas em protocolos específicos internacionalmente aceitos, dificultando a reprodutibilidade da conduta mais adequada. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta revisão sistemática é analisar as repercussões dos problemas de saúde mental para o indivíduo previamente infartado, buscando apresentar opções terapêuticas que possam ser ofertadas pela Saúde Primária. Assim, realizou-se pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed,Lilacs, SciELO e BVS com os Mesh Terms "myocardial infarction", "mental health" e "primary care" e o boleano "AND". Foram selecionados 30 artigos em língua portuguesa e inglesa que mais adequadamente se relacionavam com os objetivos deste trabalho, utilizando-se os critérios PRISMA. O recorte temporal analisado compreende os anos de 2011 a 2021. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram associações entre ansiedade, depressão e outros problemas de saúde mental e diminuição da qualidade de vida, como readmissão hospitalar, maiores custos em saúde, dor torácica, e maior risco de desfechos cardiovasculares. As escalas validadas mostraram-se ferramentas úteis no diagnóstico das comorbidades mentais no pós-infarto. Dentre as opções terapêuticas mais eficazes encontradas, estão as de enfoque psicossocial e a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental, havendo grande divergência literária a respeito dos antidepressivos. Dada a grande repercussão na qualidade de vida do indivíduo pós-infartado, mais estudos são necessários para definir melhores abordagens terapêuticas com evidente redução na mortalidade.

Depression and anxiety are prevalent disorders in the post-myocardial infarction period and constitute factors that add disabilities and influence the morbidity and mortality of previously infarcted patients. However, there are no national guidelines regarding the repercussions on quality of life, diagnostic strategies and the best treatment of these comorbidities. Furthermore, the existing evidence is often not gathered in specific internationally accepted protocols, making it difficult the reproduce the most appropriate conduct. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to analyze the repercussions of mental health problems for the previously infarcted individual, seeking to present therapeutic options that can be offered by Primary Health Care. Thus, the search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, SciELO and BVS databases with the Mesh Terms "myocardial infarction", "mental health" and "primary care" and the Boolean "AND". Thirty articles in Portuguese and English were selected that more adequately related to the objectives of this work, using the PRISMA criteria. The time frame analyzed comprises the years 2011 to 2021. The survey results showed associations between anxiety, depression and other mental health problems and decreased quality of life, such as hospital readmission, higher health care costs, chest pain, and increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. The validated scales proved to be useful tools for diagnosing post-infarction mental comorbidities. Among the most effective therapeutic options found are those with a psychosocial focus and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, with great literary divergence regarding antidepressants. Given the great impact on the quality of life of the post-infarcted individual, further studies are needed to define better therapeutic approaches with a clear reduction in mortality.

Artritis séptica. Revisión descriptiva / Septic Arthritis. Descriptive Review / Artrite séptica. Revisão descritiva

Introducción: La artritis séptica es considerada una emergencia en ortopedia. Se define como el proceso inflamatorio desproporcionado, desencadenado por la colonización de algún microorganismo en el espacio articular que con los cambios fisiopatológicos ocasionados degradan el cartílago y aumentan la morbimortalidad, la prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria, las secuelas irreversibles, así como los costos para el sistema de salud. Por tal razón, es vital que el médico general, quien tiene el primer contacto con el paciente, sea capaz de reconocer las manifesta-ciones, e instaure un tratamiento para evitar complicaciones y secuelas del paciente. Objetivo: Identificar los aspectos importantes de la artritis séptica y proporcionar al lector información relevante de forma práctica y concreta para su actuar médico diario. Método: Búsqueda de artículos originales en bases de datos, empleando términos MeSH y DeCS, consulta de textos guía, en el periodo 2010-2022. Resultados: Con mayor frecuencia se ven afectados pacientes en extremos de edad, como los mayores de 60 años y los menores de 20 años, y la rodilla es la principal articulación afectada. La fiebre no es un criterio necesario para el diagnóstico de artritis séptica y el principal factor de riesgo es la enfermedad articular previa. Conclusiones: El análisis del líquido sinovial y la tinción de Gram, junto con el cultivo, permiten hacer el diagnóstico. El tratamiento antibiótico empírico es guiado por los factores de riesgo del paciente y, posteriormente, por los resultados del cultivo

Introduction: Septic arthritis is considered an emergency in orthopedics, it is defined as the dispro-portionate inflammatory process triggered by the colonization of some microorganism in the joint space, causing pathophysiological changes that degrade the cartilage causing increased morbidity and mortality, prolongation of hospital stay, irreversible sequelae, as well as increased costs for the health system, for this reason it is of vital importance that the general practitioner who has the first contact with the patient can recognize the manifestations, and establish treatment to avoid compli-cations and sequelae of the patient.Objective: To identify the important aspects of septic arthritis and provide the reader with relevant information in a practical and concrete way for his daily medical practice.Method: We searched for original articles in databases using MeSH and DeCS terms, consulting guide texts, with a search period from 2010 to 2022. Results: Patients in extremes of age are more frequently affected, such as patients older than 60 years and younger than 20 years, being the knee the main affected joint. Fever is not a necessary criterion for the diagnosis of septic arthritis and the main risk factor is previous joint disease. Conclusions: Synovial fluid analysis and Gram stain together with culture allow making diagnosis. Empirical antibiotic treatment is guided by the patient's risk factors, then by the culture results.

Introdução: a artrite séptica é considerada uma emergência na ortopedia. É definida como um processo inflamatório desproporcional, desencadeado pela colonização de um microrganismo no espaço arti-cular que, com as mudanças fisiopatológicas causadas, degrada a cartilagem e aumenta a morbidade e a mortalidade, a permanência hospitalar prolongada, sequelas irreversíveis, assim como os custos para o sistema de saúde. Por esta razão, é vital que o clínico geral, que tem o primeiro contato com o paciente, seja capaz de reconhecer as manifestações, e instituir tratamento para evitar complicações e sequelas para o paciente. Objetivo: Identificar os aspetos importantes da artrite séptica e fornecer ao leitor informações relevan-tes de uma forma prática e concreta para a prática médica diária. Método: Pesquisa de artigos originais em bancos de dados, usando termos MeSH e DeCS, consulta de textos guias, no período de 2010-2022. Resultados: Os mais frequentemente afetados são os pacientes em extremos de idade, como aqueles com mais de 60 anos e menos de 20 anos, e o joelho é a principal articulação afetada. A febre não é um critério necessário para o diagnóstico de artrite séptica e o principal fator de risco é a doença articular prévia. Conclusões: A análise do líquido sinovial e a coloração de Gram, junto com a cultura em meios espe-cíficos, permitem que o diagnóstico seja feito. O tratamento antibiótico empírico é orientado pelos fatores de risco do paciente e, posteriormente, pelos resultados da cultura

Characterization of pregnant women who gave birth in 2016 at the Hospital de La Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia / Caracterización de gestantes con atención del parto durante 2016 en el Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana, Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity are serious public health problems, so it is essential to work on the identification, recognition and situation analysis of patients treated at high-risk pregnancy centers. Objectives: To characterize the pregnant women treated at the Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS), Bogotá, Colombia, from a demographic, social and clinical point of view in order to identify common factors that may be intervened and, thus, avoid adverse outcomes. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. 785 medical records of patients with a gestational age >24 weeks treated at the HUS in 2016 were analyzed. Sociodemographic data were collected, as well as data on the following variables: history of diseases, antenatal care, biopsychosocial risk, and obstetric outcomes. A univariate analysis was performed for each variable; measures of central tendency and dispersion and absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Maternal health indicators were also calculated. Results: 47.51% of the pregnant women had a low educational level, 34.39% were single mothers, 32.10% had a previous comorbidity, and 5.85% had insufficient antenatal care. The proportion of preterm births was 23.6 (95%CI: 20.63%-26.69%), the severe maternal morbidity ratio was 157.96/1 000 live births, and the maternal mortality rate was 246/100 000 live births. Conclusions: Pregnant women treated at the HUS are mainly young women from areas where the health system is not easily accessible, and who have insufficient antenatal care and a low schooling level. This population has a high rate of severe maternal morbidity and maternal mortality compared to the national reference value, so they would benefit from educational interventions or risk approaches that prioritize these factors in order to prevent adverse maternal outcomes.

Resumen Introducción. La mortalidad materna y la morbilidad materna extrema son serios problema de salud pública, por lo que es fundamental trabajar en la identificación, reconocimiento y análisis situacional de las pacientes que acuden a los centros de alto riesgo obstétrico. Objetivos. Caracterizar las gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS), Bogotá, Colombia, desde el punto de vista demográfico, social y clínico con el fin de identificar factores en común potencialmente intervenibles y, de esta forma, evitar desenlaces adversos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal. Se analizaron 785 historias clínicas de pacientes con edad gestacional >24 semanas atendidas durante 2016 en el HUS. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y sobre las siguientes variables: antecedentes patológicos, controles prenatales, riesgo biopsicosocial y desenlaces obstétricos. Se realizó análisis univariado de cada variable: para las variables cuantitativas se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, mientras que para las cualitativas, frecuencias absolutas y relativas. También se calcularon indicadores de salud materna. Resultados. 47.51% de las gestantes tenían un bajo nivel educativo, 34.39% eran madres solteras, 32.10% tenían comorbilidad previa y 5.85% no asistieron a ningún control prenatal. La proporción de parto pre-término fue de 23.6 (IC95%:20.63%-26.69%), la razón de morbilidad materna extrema fue 157.96/1 000 nacidos vivos y la tasa de mortalidad materna, 246/100 000 nacidos vivos. Conclusiones. Las gestantes atendidas en el HUS son predominantemente mujeres jóvenes, provenientes de áreas con difícil acceso al sistema de salud, con insuficiente atención prenatal y con bajo nivel educativo. Esta población presenta una alta razón de morbilidad materna extrema y mortalidad materna comparada con el valor de referencia nacional y se beneficiaría de intervenciones educativas o enfoques de riesgo que prioricen estos factores con el fin de prevenir desenlaces maternos adversos.

Pericardial effusion associated with DRESS syndrome. Case report / Derrame pericárdico asociado con síndrome de DRESS. Reporte de caso

Abstract Introduction: The DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome is a rare but serious and potentially lethal occurrence of a set of signs and symptoms associated with the use certain types of drugs. This syndrome is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical manifestation that, in many cases, results in multisystemic involvement. Case presentation: A 24-year-old man from Calarcá, Colombia, visited the emergency department of the local hospital due to a three-day history of unquantified intermittent fever associated with asthenia, adynamia, anorexia, headache, myalgia, odynophagia, and upper abdominal pain. Due to his condition and based on laboratory findings, he was referred to the Clínica Central del Quindío. The patient, 20 days before the initial assessment, had been prescribed a pharmacological treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and phenytoin due to a severe cranioencephalic trauma; he also presented with generalized skin rash, elevated transaminases, and moderate eosinophilia. Complementary studies reported mild pericardial effusion, so DRESS syndrome was suspected, and corticosteroid therapy was started, achieving the complete remission of the syndrome. Conclusion: Although the DRESS syndrome has a low incidence, it should always be suspected, especially in patients with cardiac and pericardial involvement. In this case, pericardial involvement was evident, demonstrating that individuals with this syndrome may present with rare symptoms that have a serious impact on their health, as they may significantly increase adverse outcomes and mortality risk.

Resumen Introducción. El síndrome de DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic symptoms) consiste en la ocurrencia, si bien poco frecuente, pero grave y potencialmente mortal, de un conjunto de signos y síntomas asociados al consumo de cierto tipo de medicamentos. Este síndrome se caracteriza por tener una manifestación clínica heterogénea que, en muchos casos, causa compromiso multisistémico. Presentación del caso. Hombre de 24 años de Calarcá, Colombia, que asistió al servicio de urgencias del hospital local por presentar fiebre intermitente no cuantificada durante 3 días, junto con astenia, adinamia, anorexia, cefalea, mialgias, odinofagia y dolor abdominal superior, y que, debido a su condición y resultados de laboratorio, fue remitido a la Clínica Central del Quindío. El paciente, 20 días antes de la valoración inicial, había recibido tratamiento farmacológico con antiinflamatorios no esteroides y fenitoína por traumatismo craneoencefálico severo; además presentó rash cutáneo generalizado, elevación de transaminasas y eosinofilia moderada. En los estudios complementarios se reportó derrame pericárdico leve, por lo que se sospechó síndrome de DRESS y se inició corticoterapia, lográndose así la remisión completa de la enfermedad. Conclusión. Aunque el síndrome de DRESS tiene una baja incidencia, siempre debe sospecharse, en especial en pacientes que presentan compromiso cardiaco y pericárdico. En este caso se destaca la afectación pericárdica, demostrando que en este síndrome se pueden presentar ma -nifestaciones poco frecuentes, pero con un gran impacto en su salud, ya que pueden aumentar considerablemente los desenlaces adversos y la mortalidad en estos pacientes.