Early vs. Standard Loop Ileostomy Closure: An Unmatched Case-Control Study / Cierre Temprano vs Estándar de Ileostomía en Asa. Estudio de Casos y Controles no Emparejado

SUMMARY: Early closure of a loop ileostomy (ECI) is a relatively new practice, for which there is insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness in relation to closure at conventional times. The aim of this study was to report postoperative complications (POC) and hospital mortality in patients with loop ileostomy (LI) who underwent ECI, compared with patients with LI who underwent late closure. Un- matched case-control study. Patients with LI who underwent surgery at Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco (2010-2022) were included. Cases were defined as patients with LI who underwent early closure and controls as subjects who underwent closure at the usual times. No matching was performed, but a 1:1 relationship between cases and controls was considered. Outcome variables were postoperative complications and hospital mortality. Other variables of interest were surgical time and hospital stay. Descriptive statistics were applied with calculation of proportions and measures of central tendency. Subsequently, t-test and Pearson Chi2 for comparison of averages and proportions was applied, and odds ratios and their respective 95 % CI were calculated. In this study 39 patients with AI were operated on (18 cases and 21 controls). Age and BMI average of the studied subjects was 71.3±7.1 years and 27.3±19.8 kg/m2 respectively. Mean LI closure time, surgical time, and hospitalization were: 10.0±0.7 months; 62.5±10.6min; 3.8±0.1 days respectively. POC were only surgical site infections. Three in cases (16.7 %) and 3 in controls (14.3 %). No anastomotic dehiscence or hospital mortality was observed in either cases or controls. There were no differences in comorbidities or surgical site infection between cases and controls (OR of 0.6 and 1.2 respectively) In this experience, the results of performing the CTI were similar to the late closing in relation to the variables studied.

El cierre temprano de una ileostomía en asa (IA), es una práctica relativamente nueva, sobre la que no hay suficiente evidencia respecto de su efectividad en relación con el cierre en tiempos convencionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar diferencias en la tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias (CPO) y de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre temprano comparados con pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre tardío. Estudio de casos y controles sin emparejamiento. Se incluyeron pacientes con IA que fueron sometidos a cirugía en la Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco (2010-2022). Los casos se definieron como pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre temprano y los controles como sujetos con IA sometidos a cierre en tiempos habituales. No se realizó emparejamiento. Se consideró una relación 1:1 entre casos y controles. Las variables de resultado fueron CPO y mortalidad hospitalaria. Otras variables de interés fueron: tiempo quirúrgico y hospitalización. Se aplicó estadísticas descriptivas (cálculo de proporciones y medidas de tendencia central). Posteriormente, se aplicó prueba t-test y Chi2 para comparación de promedios y proporciones; y se calcularon odds ratios e intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Se operaron 39 pacientes con IA (18 casos y 21 controles). El promedio de edad e IMC fue 71,3±7,1 años y 27,3±19,8 kg/m2, respectivamente. El tiempo promedio de cierre de IA, tiempo quirúrgico y hospitalización fueron: 10,0±0,7 meses; 62,5±10,6 minutos; 3,8±0,1 días, respectivamente. Las CPO fueron infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (3 casos; 16,7 % y 3 controles; 14,3 %). No se observó dehiscencia anastomótica ni mortalidad hospitalaria en casos ni controles. No hubo diferencias en comorbilidades ni en infecciones del sitio quirúrgico entre casos y controles (OR de 0,6 y 1,2, respectivamente). No se evidenciaron diferencias entre realizar cierre temprano o tardío de IA, respecto de las variables CPO y de mortalidad hospitalaria.

Intestinal Stomas - Complications, Prevention and Management: Our Experience in Tertiary Hospital

INTRODUCTION: A stoma is defined as an opening into a hollow viscus either natural or surgically created which connects a portion of body cavity to the external environment[1]. Ileostomy or colostomy creation is a crucial part of numerous surgical procedures carried out for a variety of gastrointestinal problems. Despite the frequent occurrence of intestinal stomas, stoma-related problems are still frequent and are associated with high morbidity and expense. OBJECTIVE: The objective if this article is to understand these frequent issues, go into depth about how to prevent or avoid them, and provide management advice. METHOD: Prospective RESULTS: Peristomal skin complications and parastomal hernia were the most common complications. End colostomy had the highest incidence of morbidity, followed by loop colostomy and loop ileostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Ileostomy and colostomy forms are frequently done procedures, but sadly they are linked to high morbidity and stoma-related complication rates that range from 21 to 70%. It has been demonstrated that preoperative entero-stomal therapy consultation and stoma site labelling by either an entero-stomal therapist or skilled surgeon lessen postoperative problems. In addition, it is crucial to pay close attention to the technical aspects of stoma production. In order to definitively address concerns concerning the optimal trephine size, the use of prophylactic mesh, and other aspects of stoma creation, additional randomized trials are required. Clinical wound ostomy nurse specialists are extremely helpful following surgery, and the use of standardized protocols has further helped to reduce the frequency of common problems and readmissions for dehydration.

Clinical value of mesh prophylaxis for parastomal hernia based on evidence-based medicine / 中华外科杂志

The incidence of parastomal hernia is substantially high, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients with stoma. How to effectively solve the problem of parastomal hernia is a long-term focus of hernia and abdominal wall surgery and colorectal surgery. The European Hernia Society guidelines on prevention and treatment of parastomal hernia published in 2018 has recommended the use of a prophylactic mesh to prevent parastomal hernia for the first time. In the following 5 years, more randomized controlled trials of multi-center, large-sample, double-blind, long-term follow-up have been published, and no significant effect of mesh prophylaxis has been observed on the incidence of parastomal hernia. However, whether mesh could decrease surgical intervention by limiting the symptoms of parastomal hernias would become a potential value of prophylaxis, which requires further research to elucidate.

Robotic parastomal hernia repair

ABSTRACT Introduction and Objective: Annually, more than one hundred thousand new stomas are created in the United States and near 30-50% of those will develop parastomal hernia (1). Occasionally parastomal hernias may result in life threatening complications such as bowel obstruction or strangulation requiring urgent surgical intervention (2). The minimally invasive surgery for these hernias are preferred, specially when the primary case was either laparoscopic or robot-assisted. Our objective is to demonstrate a step-by-step robotic approach with and without mesh placement and their outcomes in two different scenarios: elective and emergency. Materials and Methods: We present two cases, a 56-year-old male with three years prior robot-assisted radical cystectomy with ileal conduit and a 82-year-old male with five year post operation of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with bilateral ureterostomies. Both of them had parastomal hernia, the first case was an urgency due to bowel obstruction while the second case was an elective procedure. Using three portals, we choose the primary repair for the first case and placement of a biological mesh within the keyhole technique (3) for the second one. Results: In the first case we had an operative time of 110min, total blood loss of 40cc and for the second case an operative time of 140min with total blood loss of 20cc. Both patients were discharged within 24h and had a follow-up of 2 years with no recurrence. Conclusions: The capability for complex sutures and dissection of intracorporeal structures makes the robotic platform a powerful ally (4) and we believe in its superiority over conventional laparoscopy. Although further studies are required, our initial series suggests that the robotic parastomal hernia repair is feasible and reproducible, with or without mesh placement and could be demonstrated its use for either elective or emergency situations.

Local treatment of colostomy prolapse with the MESH STRIP technique: A novel and highly efficient day hospital technique

OBJECTIVE: Stoma prolapse is an intussusception of the bowel through a mature stoma. It can be caused by increased intra-abdominal pressure, excessively mobile bowel mesentery and/or a large opening in the abdominal wall at the time of stoma formation. It occurs predominantly in loop stomas, and correction methods include conservative modalities, such as local reduction to the prolapsed bowel, or surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe our experience with the treatment of colostomy prolapse using a novel mesh strip technique. METHODS: Between February 2009 and March 2018, ten consecutive male patients underwent correction of colostomy prolapse under local anesthesia by peristomal placement of a polypropylene mesh strip. Operation time, short- and long-term complications, and recurrence rates were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: No postoperative complications, morbidity or mortality were observed. The median length of the prolapse ranged from 6-20 cm, and the median operative time was 30 minutes. The median duration of follow-up was 25 months (range, 12-89 months). No relapse, mesh strip extrusion, local infection or granuloma formation were found. CONCLUSION: A simple, fast, and low-cost operation under local anesthesia using a mesh strip is a valuable option to treat colostomy prolapse.

Interpretation of 2017 European Hernia Society Guidelines for The Prevention and Treatment of Parastomal Hernias / 中华胃肠外科杂志

European Hernia Society issued a guideline for the prevention and treatment of parastomal hernias in 2017, which is the first international guideline for the parastomal hernia. This guideline proposed 12 problems about incidence, diagnosis and treatment, and discussed these problems in depth. The main contents of this guideline are summarized as follows: (1) End colostomy is associated with a higher incidence of parastomal hernia compared to other types of stomas. (2) Clinical examination is necessary for the diagnosis of parastomal hernia, whereas computed tomography scan or ultrasonography may be performed in cases of diagnostic uncertainty. (3) The use of the European Hernia Society classification for uniform research reporting is recommended. (4) There is insufficient evidence on the policy in watchful waiting. (5) There is insufficient evidence on the route and location of stoma construction, and the size of the aperture. (6) The use of a prophylactic synthetic non-absorbable mesh upon construction of an end colostomy is strongly recommended. No such recommendation can be made for other types of stomas at present.(7) It is strongly recommended to avoid performing a suture repair for elective parastomal hernia. (8) So far, there is no sufficient comparative evidence on specific techniques, open or laparoscopic surgery and specific mesh types. However, most data in this guideline were retrospective without high level evidence. A lot of questions remain controversial and more high-level evidence are expected to solve these problems.

De la resección abdominoperineal a las técnicas conservadoras de esfínteres en la cirugía laparoscópica del cáncer del recto / From abdominoperineal resection to conservative techniques of interest in relation to laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer

Introducción: la principal regla en el manejo del cáncer del recto es la cura oncológica y el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida. El advenimiento de la cirugía laparoscópica ha tenido un impacto en la cirugía gastrointestinal en los últimos 20 años. Tres décadas después de su original descripción por Heald, la escisión total del mesorrecto se ha convertido en la regla de oro para la resección curativa del cáncer del recto. Objetivos: revisar las diferentes opciones técnicas de las que se dispone en la actualidad para el tratamiento laparoscópico del cáncer del recto, mediante la descripción de sus resultados, ventajas y desventajas. Métodos: se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos bibliográficas accesibles por Infomed, que incluyó artículos que trataran el tema en español e inglés, mediante los descriptores de DeCS y MeSH. Resultados: el cáncer del último tercio del recto plantea un cambio significativo para el cirujano. La resección abdominoperineal ha sido considerada como la regla de oro para el tratamiento de los adenocarcinomas situados en el tercio medio y bajo del recto. Sin embargo, con el incremento del conocimiento de la enfermedad, el desarrollo de las técnicas quirúrgicas, la mejor instrumentación, y el uso de la radioquimioterapia preoperatoria, se ha llegado a un cambio en el tratamiento del cáncer de recto que va de la resección abdominoperineal con colostomía permanente a la cirugía preservadora del esfínter mediante las técnicas mínimamente invasivas. Conclusiones: la cirugía conservadora de esfínteres para el cáncer del recto mediante las técnicas mínimamente invasivas es posible en la mayoría de los pacientes con unos resultados a largo plazo iguales a los de la resección abdominoperineal(AU)

Introduction: the main rule for the management of rectal cancer is oncologic cure and the maintenance of quality of life. The advent of laparoscopic surgery has had an impact on gastrointestinal surgery over the last 20 years. Three decades following its original description by Heald, total mesorectal excision has become the gold standard for the curative resection of rectal cancer. Objectives: To review the different technical options currently available for the laparoscopic treatment of rectal cancer, by describing their outcomes, advantages and disadvantages. Methods: A review was performed in the bibliographical databases accessible from Infomed, including articles on the topic written in Spanish and English, using DeCS and MeSH descriptors. Results: Cancer of the lower third of the rectum signifies a fundamental change for the surgeon. Abdominoperineal resection has been considered as the gold standard for the treatment of adenocarcinomas located in the middle and lower rectum. However, with increased knowledge of the disease, the development of surgical techniques, better instrumentation, and the use of preoperative radiochemotherapy, a change has been achieved in treating rectal cancer, which goes from abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy to conservative surgery of the sphincter using minimal invasive techniques. Conclusions: The conservative surgery of the sphincters for rectal cancer by minimal invasive techniques is possible to be performed in most patients, with long-term results similar to those of the abdominoperineal resection(AU)

Comparison of laparoscopic total gastrectomy and laparotomic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer / Comparação entre a gastrectomia total laparoscópica e a gastrectomia total laparotômica para o câncer gástrico

BACKGROUND: The use of laparoscopy for the treatment of gastric cancer suffered some resistance among surgeons around the world, gaining strength in the past decade. However, its oncological safety and technical feasibility remain controversial. AIM: To describe the results from the clinical and anatomopathological point of view in the comparative evaluation between the surgical videolaparoscopic and laparotomic treatments of total gastrectomy with linphadenectomy at D2, resection R0. METHOD: Retrospective analyses and comparison data from patients submitted to total gastrectomy with D2 linphadenectomy at a sole institution. The data of 111 patients showed that 64 (57,7%) have been submitted to laparotomic gastrectomy and 47 (42,3%) to gastrectomy entirely performed through videolaparoscopy. All variables related to the surgery, post-operative follow-up and anatomopathologic findings have been evaluated. RESULTS: Among the studied variables, videolaparoscopy has shown a shorter surgical time and a more premature period for the introduction of oral and enteral nourishment than the open surgery. As to the amount of dissected limph nodes, there has been a significant difference towards laparotomy with p=0,014, but the average dissected limph nodes in both groups exceed 25 nodes as recommended by the JAGC. Was not found a significant difference between the studied groups as to age, ASA, type of surgery, need for blood transfusion, stage of the disease, Bormann classification, degree of differentiation, damage of the margins, further complications and death. CONCLUSION: The total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy performed by laparoscopy presented the same benefits known of laparotomy and with the advantages already established of minimally invasive surgery. It was done with less surgical time, less time for re-introduction of the oral and enteral diets and lower hospitalization time compared to laparotomy, without increasing postoperative ...

RACIONAL: A utilização da videolaparoscopia para o tratamento das neoplasia gástricas sofreu certa resistência entre os cirurgiões ao redor do mundo, ganhando força na década passada. Porém, sua segurança oncológica e viabilidade técnica continuam controversas. OBJETIVO: Demonstrar os resultados do ponto de vista clínico e anatomopatológico na avaliação comparativa entre o tratamento cirúrgico videolaparoscópico e laparotômico da gastrectomia total com linfadenectomia a D2, ressecção R0. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo dos dados dos prontuários dos pacientes submetidos à gastrectomia total com lindadenectomia a D2, em uma única instituição. Dos 111 prontuários, 64 (57,7%) foram submetidos à gastrectomia laparotômica e 47 (42,3%) à gastrectomia totalmente vídeolaparoscópica. Foram avaliadas variáveis relacionadas ao ato cirúrgico, a evolução pós-operatória e a achados anatomopatológicos. RESULTADOS: A técnica videolaparoscópica demonstrou tempo cirúrgico menor e período para re-introdução alimentar oral e enteral mais precoce que a operação laparotômica. Quanto ao número de linfonodos dissecados, houve diferença significante a favor da laparotômica (p=0,014); porém, a média de linfonodos dissecados em ambos os grupos ultrapassou os 25 preconizados pela JAGC. Não foi encontrada diferença significante entre os grupos estudados no que diz respeito à idade, gênero, ASA, tipo de operação, necessidade de hemotransfusão, estadiamento, classificação de Bormann, grau de diferenciação, comprometimento de margens, complicações e óbito. CONCLUSÕES: A gastrectomia total com linfadenectomia a D2 realizada por videolaparoscopia apresenta os mesmos benefícios conhecidos da cirurgia laparotômica e com as vantagens já estabelecidas da cirurgia minimamente invasiva. Ela apresentou menor tempo cirúrgico, menor tempo para a re-introdução das dietas oral e enteral e tempo de alta menor em relação à laparotômica, sem aumentar as complicações pós-operatórias. .

Tratamiento laparoscópica de la hernia paraostomal: En búsqueda de una nueva técnica / Laparoscopic repair of parastomal hernia: Searching for a new technique

Introducción: La hernia paraostomal es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes ostomizados. Se presenta en más del 50% de los casos, sin embargo, solo del 10 al 15% son sintomáticas y requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Describir y analizar una técnica laparoscópica en la que combinamos la reparación anatómica con la colocación de una malla protésica. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de una base de datos diseñada en forma prospectiva del servicio de cirugía general del "The Western Pennsylvania Hospital". El período analizado fue de Agosto de 2006 a Octubre de 2007. Se incluyen los procedimientos electivos y aquellos pacientes con hernias paraostomales sintomáticos. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, estadía hospitalaria, complicaciones intraoperatorias, postoperatorias y recidivas. Resultados: Entre agosto del 2006 y diciembre del 2007 se operaron 6 pacientes con hernias paraostomales sintomáticas. Tres de ellos tenían una amputación abdominoperineal por cáncer de recto; dos proctocolectomías por Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (Colitis ulcerosa y Crohn), y una colectomía subtotal debido a colitis fulminante secundario a infección por Clostridium Difficile. No se registraron conversiones ni complicaciones intraoperatorias. Un paciente evolucionó con íleo postoperatorio, que revirtió con tratamiento médico. La estadía media hospitalaria fue de 4 días (Rango: 2-7 días). El seguimiento postoperatorio promedio fue de 5,8 meses (rango 1-18 meses). No hubo recidivas. Conclusión: Proponemos una técnica diferente para la reparación de la hernia paraostomal. Además de reducir y disecar el saco herniario, disminuimos el espacio muerto suturando el área que rodea al ostoma a la fascia, con la intención de disminuir la formación de seroma y/o recurrencia.

Background: Parastomal hernia is a common complication of stoma formation that has been reported in more than 50% of patients on long term follows up. Most of them do not require repair; however 10 to 15% will become symptomatic and will need surgical repair. Objective: To describe and analyzed a laparoscopic technique that combines both tissue and mesh repair. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective collected data from The Western Pennsylvania Hospital. We include all patients who underwent this novel laparoscopic approach of the paraostomal hernia from August 2006 to October 2007 at the Western Pennsylvania Hospital. The surgeries were performed electively and in symptomatic parastomal hernia patients. Data collected included demographies, length of hospital stay, complications and recurrence. Results: We performed 6 laparoscopic parastomal hernia repairs. Three patients had APR due to rectal cancer; two had a proctocolectomy due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn); and one patient had a subtotal colectomy due to fulminant Clostridium Difficile colitis. There were no conversions to open surgery and no intraoperative complications. One patient developed a postoperative ileus that resolved with a no operative treatment. The mean hospital stay was 4 days (Range: 2 to 7 days). The mean follow up period was 5.8 months (Median 3 month; range: 1-18 month). All patients are asymptomatic and without hernia recurrence. Conclusion: We propose a novel laparoscopic approach to the parastomal hernia. In addition to reducing and dissecting the hernia sac, we reduce the dead space by suturing the area around the stoma to the fascia, thus possibly reducing the incidence of seroma and recurrence.

Surgical Treatment of a Parastomal Hernia

PURPOSE: Parastomal hernia is a major complication of an intestinal stoma. This study was performed to compare the results of various operative methods to treat parastomal hernias. METHODS: Results of surgical treatment for parastomal hernias (postoperative recurrence, complications and postoperative hospital stays) were surveyed in 39 patients over an 11-year period. The patients enrolled in this study underwent surgery by a single surgeon to exclude surgeon bias. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were male, and twenty-two patients were female. The mean age was 65.9 years (range, 36 to 86 years). The stomas were 35 sigmoid-end-colostomies (90%), 2 loop-colostomies (5%), and 2 double-barrel-colostomies. Over half of the hernias developed within two years after initial formation. Stoma relocation was performed in 8 patients, suture repair in 14 patients and mesh repair in 17 patients. Seven patients had recurrence of the hernia, and ten patients suffered from complications. Postoperative complications and recurrence were more frequent in stoma relocation than in suture repair and mesh repair. Emergency operations were performed in four patients (10.3%) with higher incidence of complications but not with increased risk of recurrence. Excluding emergency operations, complications of relocations were not higher than those of mesh repairs. Postoperative hospital stays were shortest in mesh repair patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, mesh repair showed low recurrence and a low complication rate with shorter hospital stay than relocation methods, though these differences were not statistically significant. Further studies, including randomized trials, are necessary if more reliable data on the surgical treatment of parastomal hernias are to be obtained.

Experiência inicial no tratamento das hérnias paraestomais / Initial experience in the treatment of parastomal hernias

O surgimento da hérnia paraestomal é uma conseqüência direta da confecção do estoma. Apesar de todos os esforços empregados na sua prevenção, a freqüência é bastante elevada e aumenta com o tempo. As alternativas de cura dessa afecção são todas cirúrgicas e várias técnicas foram propostas. Nesse artigo apresentamos uma breve revisão das alternativas operatórias que já foram apresentadas e apresentamos a técnica que empregamos. Desenvolvemos uma abordagem por videolaparoscopia com a colocação de uma tela intraperitoneal denominada nó de gravata. Em nossa série de 17 pacientes observamos bons resultados sem nenhuma recidiva até o momento.

The parastomal hernia is a direct consequence of making the stoma. Although all the efforts used in its prevention, this condition is a frequent long-term complication that increases with time. Management of the hernia is always surgical and different techniques have been proposed. In this article, the authors present a brief revision of the surgical treatment and present their own technique. The defect is assessed by videolaparoscopy and correction is performed with an intraperitoneal mesh; we call this technique "tie knot". In our 17 patients' series, we observed good results and no recurrence until now.

Role of biological mesh in surgical treatment of paracolostomy hernias

Hérnias paracolostômicas são complicações freqüentes de estomas intestinais. A correção pode ser realizada através do seu reposicionamento ou mantendo a mesma localização, associada ao reforço da parede abdominal com ou sem o emprego de prótese. MÉTODOS: Os resultados do tratamento cirúrgico de hérnias paracolostômicas são analisados em 22 pacientes em nosso serviço nos últimos 15 anos. Todos os pacientes eram portadores de colostomias terminais após ressecção abdominoperineal do reto. RESULTADOS: Em 15 (68,2%) pacientes, a correção da hérnia foi realizada mantendo-se a colostomia no local original, em 2 (9,1%) deles através de herniorrafia simples e em 13 (59,1%) com reforço da aponeurose com prótese biológica. Nos outros 7 (31,8%) pacientes, a correção foi realizada por reposicionamento da colostomia. O seguimento médio pós-operatório foi de 50,2 meses. Recidiva foi observada em 3 (13,6%) casos (em média 16 meses após correção). CONCLUSÃO: A hérnia paracolostômica continua a ser um desafio cirúrgico devido a sua elevada recidiva. Correção primária com prótese pode ser favorecida, uma vez que freqüentemente se observa fraqueza da aponeurose.