Effect of age on reversible lens opacity and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase expression induced by chloral hydrate in mice / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of age on the expression of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and acute reversible lens opacification induced by chloral hydrate in mice. <p>METHODS: Acute reversible lens opacification was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 4% chloral hydrate(400mg/kg)in 3-month-old(young group)and 24-month-old(old group)C57BL/6 mice. The lens opacification was graded at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 150min after chloral hydrate injection. The histopathological changes of lens were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining, and the expression of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in lens was detected by immunohistochemistry. <p>RESULTS: The development of lens opacity is similar in young and old mice after chloral hydrate injection. The lens opacification in the young group appeared earlier, thicker and lasted longer than the old group. HE staining showed that many vesicles appeared in the cortex below lens epithelial cells(LECs), and the structure of superficial lens fiber cells were disordered after chloral hydrate injection. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase was positive in LECs and fibers. The expression of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in LECs were weak before chloral hydrate injection and up-regulated 45min after chloral hydrate injection in young and old groups. The up-regulation of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase was stronger in the old group than in the young group. <p>CONCLUSION: Age may play a role in the acute reversible lens opacification induced by chloral hydrate in mice. The expression of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase is involved in lens opacity induced by chloral hydrate.

Staged Approach Using Proximal Open-Stenting Technique and Distal Open Repair for the Treatment of Extensive Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

<p>A 50-year-old man with an extensive thoracic aortic aneurysm underwent staged surgery which consisted of preceding total aortic arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk technique using J Graft Open Stent Graft^®, followed by open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. During the second operation, the descending aorta was cross clamped along with the preexisting stent graft, and Dacron graft was anastomosed directly to the stent graft using a running 4-0 monofilament suture. The anastomosis site was then covered with a short piece of Dacron graft identical with the stent graft in size to secure hemostasis. We herein discuss our approach in this complex case, focusing on prevention of inadvertent events such as deformation of the preexisting stent graft and unexpected bleeding.</p>

<b>3．Revision of Procedures for Appropriate Management of Revlimid</b>^® <b>and Pomalyst</b>^® （<b>RevMate</b>^®）<b>and Iss / 薬剤疫学

<p>RevMate^®is one of risk minimization activities in Japanese RMPs of Revlimd^®and Pomalyst^®, of which indications are hematological malignancy including multiple myeloma. This is a proper management procedure approved by Japanese health authorities in order to prevent exposure to pregnant women because these agents are derivatives of thalidomide. RevMate^® was revised in 2015 after the discussion in MHLW's Taskforce and its operation started from April 2016. Due to this revision of version 5.0, the manufacture no longer receives the patient name, and this and other information must be managed by the hospital. In addition, with regard to the same objective in the format used in the management procedure（TERMS^®）of thalidomide drug products, unification was attempted concerning the name of the format and</p><p>the notation of confirmation items. Physician becomes to make judgment to omit explanation of some RevMate^® requirements based on the patient's level of their understandings to RevMate^®.Periodical survey sheet regarding compliance with RevMate^® requirement filled by a patient is to be submitted directly to a physician on his/her visit instead of sending it to the manufacturer by mail under previous procedures. A representative person of the manufacture is required to visit the hospital periodically and confirm filing condition of the survey sheets and compliance check lists of RevMate^® for every prescription as well appropriately at the hospital. Furthermore, RevMate^® was revised to add clear role description of relevant pharmacists and nurses for in-patients and its strict drug-handling procedures at bedside as version 5.1, as we received four reports from hospitals of medication error of our drug to the another patient in the hospital within 2016. After getting approval of additional indications for Revlimid^® from March 2017, RevMate^® of version 5.2 started. In the view of implement RevMate^® as strict “risk minimization activities” to prevent pregnant women from exposure, we will continue to solve each problem recognized from the actual operation, constantly keep basics in mind by providing necessary training to our employees about thalidomide drug problem etc. In addition, we appreciate the understanding and support from the patient, patient family, Healthcare Professional, etc. involved in this procedure without incompleteness as well as non-compliance with procedures caused by habituation. Including all these, we consider it is important to endeavor as a manufacture continuously in the future.</p>

The Case of a Patient with Femoral Artery Stenosis Caused by Angio-Seal^® Use Treated with Endoarterectomy / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

In cases of hemostasis of the femoral artery where the sheath is removed after percutaneous catheterization, there is greater improvement in patient condition and shorter duration of hospital stay when arterial puncture closing devices are used rather than standard manual compression because the use of these devices results in shorter hemostasis and rest times. However, some complications due to these devices have also been reported. Here, we report a case of femoral artery stenosis due to Angio-Seal^® use in a 67-year-old woman. Embolization of the basilar artery aneurysm by endovascular treatment was performed at another institution ; the percutaneous puncture site was the right femoral artery. When this treatment was provided, hemostasis of the artery was performed with the Angio-Seal^®. About one month after the embolization, right intermittent claudication occurred after a 300-m walk. Echography and computed tomography (CT) angiogram showed 75% stenosis of the right common femoral artery, and therefore endoarterectomy of the artery was performed. The postoperative course was favorable and the ankle brachial index score improved from 0.82 to 1.15. In addition, CT angiogram showed resolution of the stenosis of the right common femoral artery and right intermittent claudication ameliorated. Based on the intraoperative views, it was suggested that the arteriosclerotic lesion had existed at the common femoral artery before the endovascular treatment and it might be the cause of the complication mentioned above. In order to prevent complications due to Angio-Seal^® use, it is important to examine the indications of the use of this device by evaluating the puncture site of the artery with echography and other diagnostic techniques before the insertion of a sheath.

04-1Fangotherapy, a body-friendly treatment to use hot spring water for health promotion / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Fangotherapy is one of four medical treatments used under a medical doctor’s supervision at a hot spring. This treatment is conducted in Europe, especially in Italy, using peloids maturated with natural hot spring water. The maturated peloids have factors of concentrated hot spring and biological extract -glycolipids- from thermophilic algae. <BR>  There are many kinds of hot springs in Japan, but they are almost always used for “taking a bath” only. Our research focused on Fango found in Abano Italy, and modified into “Japanese style Fango” made with maturated peloids by hot spring water. <BR><b>Methods: </b>The original Japanese Fango, which we made in a hot spring in Japan, has been named Biofango^®. The original and first Biofango^® was made from the Sanrakuen Hotel’s hot spring water in Toyama, and treated in the hotel as in the Abano style. The benefits of Biofango^® were checked using the following methods;<BR>1.　Hyperthermia and some medical effects were checked under treatment with maturated peloids, and the effects were compared with hot spring water only and with boiled tap water. <BR>2.　The double-blind method was used comparing Biofango^® (True Fango) and imitation Fango. Two kinds of Fango were made using either hot spring water or hot tap water, and some medical effects were checked. After treatment of Fangotherapy, a medical questionnaire was provided for each test subject.<BR><b>Results: </b>Fango (Biofango^®) is the best treatment among three bathing methods for keeping normal responses of blood flow and blood pressure at the thigh, and for keeping good thermal effects on the body, especially for the back of the body after 50 min. <BR>  The results of the double-blind method, deep body temperature increase and diastolic blood pressure decrease in True Fango showed a significant difference. Pulse increase and SIV decrease in True Fango shows a reduced load on the vessel, while still showing a high thermal effect. Functions of the body showed an improved friend in True Fango, according to the questionnaire survey.<BR><b>Conclusion: </b>Traditional use of hot spring water in Japan was hot spring bathing in the mainstream. But, according to these results, Fango is the best method for a body-friendly treatment by hot spring water. Further, the questionnaire about body functions after Fango treatment shows that the hot spring Fango (True Fango) is more effective than hot tap water Fango (imitation Fango).<BR>  In Italy, glycolipids from thermophilic algae are an important factor for reducing inflammation by Fango therapy. Growth of thermophilic algae also has been confirmed in Fango maturation in Japan, and was cultured in the laboratory. We also found such glycolipids from Japanese algae, and have evidence, <i>in situ</i>, of the glycolipids remaining between particles of peloids. In the future, Biofango^® should have a useful biological factor similar to Abano Fango for treatment.

A Case of Surgical Revascularization for Abdominal Angina / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 68-year-old woman with multiple gastric ulcers was admitted to our hospital due to post-prandial abdominal pain. Multirow detector computed tomography (MDCT) showed severe stenoses of both the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ; therefore, we decided to operate based on the presumed diagnosis of abdominal angina. We bypassed the stenoses using a saphenous vein graft from the right external iliac artery to the SMA, distal to the stenosis. The patient was symptom-free postoperatively. In summary, this case of abdominal angina was accurately evaluated preoperatively with MDCT and the flow meter^®. Thereafter, a focal stenosis in the superior mesenteric artery was successfully treated with an external iliac-SMA bypass using a saphenous vein graft.

New Anticoagulation Control for Toyobo-LVAS Using the CoaguChek XS^® / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Aggressive anticoagulation therapy is necessary when Toyobo-LVAS is used for long-term treatment of severe heart failure. However, it is necessary to regulate it carefully if there is a hemorrhagic complication due to thromboembolism, but repeated blood testing is painful. We compared simple measurement with the CoaguChek XS^® with the conventional blood testing method. The correlation coefficient was 0.916, and the regression line was <i>Y</i>=0.8027<i>X</i>+0.3399. In addition, drawing blood using the CoaguChek XS^® was very effective in the reported pain reduction in patients.

EFFECT OF HIGH-INTENSITY TRAINING AND ACUTE EXERCISE ON Ca²⁺-SEQUESTERING FUNCTION OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM : ROLE OF OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION / 体力科学

To investigate the influences of high-intensity training and/or a single bout of exercise on <i>in vitro</i> Ca²⁺-sequestering function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the rats were subjected to 8 weeks of an interval running program (final training : 2.5-min running×4 sets per day, 50 m/min at 10% incline). Following training, both trained and untrained rats were run at a 10% incline, 50 m/min for 2.5 min or to exhaustion. SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity, SR Ca²⁺-uptake rate and carbonyl group contents comprised in SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity were examined in the superficial portions of the gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscles. For rested muscles, a 12.7% elevation in the SR Ca²⁺-uptake rate was induced by training. Training led to improved running performance (avg time to exhaustion : untrained-191.1 vs trained-270.9 sec ; <i>P</i><0.01). Regardless of training status, a single bout of exercise caused progressive reductions in SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and SR Ca²⁺-uptake rate. Increases in carbonyl content only occurred after exhaustive exercise (<i>P</i><0.05). At both point of 2.5-min and exhaustion, no differences existed in SR Ca²⁺-sequestering capacity and carbonyl content between untrained and trained muscles. These findings confirm the previous findings that oxidative modifications may account, at least partly, for exercise-induced deterioration in SR Ca²⁺-sequestering function ; and raise the possibility that in the final phase of acute exercise, high-intensity training could delay the progression of protein oxidation of SR Ca²⁺-ATPase.

Influence of Fireless Moxibustion on QOL (SF-36) in Elderly People / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

[<b>Purpose</b>] We investigated the effects of fireless moxibustion using the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36^®).<br>[<b>Methods</b>] The subjects were 27 elderly people living at home, from whom informed consent was obtained (age: 66 to 94 years). They were randomly divided into two groups using the envelope method. Eleven were in the fireless moxibustion group (FMG), and 16 were in the sham fireless moxibustion group (SFMG). For measurement, no treatment was performed for seven days (Cont.), home fireless moxibustion was performed for seven days (St.), and no treatment was performed for seven days after fireless moxibustion (Af.). During the study period, we conducted a survey using SF-36^®. Stimulation was performed every two days during the St. period (total: 4 times). The left/right BL23 and ST36 areas were stimulated. We used fireless moxibustion (Sennenkyu Taiyo(r), Senefa Co., Ltd.). Generalized linear two-way variance analysis and Fisher's (LSD) multiple comparison test were carried out. P<0.05 was regarded as significant.<br>[<b>Results</b>] There was alternative action in the bodily pain item. In a comparison of the two groups, FMG tended to show improved “bodily pain” (p<0.10) and at the Af. period “bodily pain” was reduced as compared with the Cont. period (p<0.05). FMG indicated the tendency to improve “bodily pain” in the Af. period (82.9 (3.7 points) than in the Cont. period (78.4 (4.4 points) (p<0.09). In SFMG, there was no significant change.<br>In Question 8, as a bodily pain factor, routine working pain, which had persisted over the past week, mitigated after 1 week of fireless moxibustion (Af.).<br>[<b>Conclusion</b>] Fireless moxibustion reduced “bodily pain”, and scores of “general health perceptions” increased, while in sham fireless moxibustion at home scores of “Role physical” decreased significantly. From the results, fireless moxibustion at home raised the health related QOL. Fireless moxibustion may be useful for “bodily pain”.

Pilot Study of Antioxidant Mixture (Vitamin E, Pycnogenol and Squalene) in Healthy Smokers: Inhibitory Effect on Oxidative DNA Damage / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Oxidative stress is considered to contribute to degenerative disease. The urinary excretion of the DNA repair product 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is proposed as a noninvasive biomarker of current oxidative stress <i>in vivo</i>. We investigated the effect of an antioxidant mixture on urinary 8-OHdG excretions in 12 otherwise healthy smokers. During the intervention period for 2 weeks, subjects consumed four capsules of PICACE^® (Pycnogenol^® 15 mg/capsule, Vitamin E; 56.1 mg/capsule, Squalene; 138.9 mg/capsule) per day. On days 0 (pre-internal use), 3, 7, 14, and 44, morning urine samples were collected. The urinary 8-OHdG was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The urinary 8-OHdG level on day 3 was significantly reduced compared to day 0. The level of 8-OHdG after a washout period for PICACE^® (days 44) returned to day 0 baseline. These preliminary data suggest that PICACE^® supplements can protect smokers from oxidative stress and possibly reduce disease risk caused by free radicals associated with smoking.<br>

CHANGES IN SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM Ca²⁺-SEQUESTERING CAPACITY DURING RECOVERY FOLLOWING HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺-sequestering capacity in rat fast-twitch plantaris (PL) and slow-twitch soleus (SOL) muscles during recovery after high-intensity exercise. The rats were subjected to treadmill runs to exhaustion at the intensity (10% incline at 50 m/min) estimated to require 100% of maximal O₂ consumption. The muscles were excised immediately after exercise, and 15, 30 and 60 min after exercise. Acute high-intensity exercise evoked a 27 % and 38 % depression (<i>P</i><0.05) in SR Ca²⁺-uptake rate in the PL and SOL, respectively. In the PL, uptake rate remained lower (<i>P</i><0.05) at 30 min of recovery but recovered 60 min after exercise. These alterations were paralleled by those of SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity. On the other hand, SR Ca²⁺-uptake rate in the SOL recovered 15 min after exercise. Unlike the PL, discordant time-course changes between SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and uptake occurred in the SOL during recovery. SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activities were unaltered with exercise and elevated (<i>P</i><0.05) by 25, 30 and 30% at 15, 30 and 60 min of recovery, respectively. These results demonstrate that SR Ca²⁺-sequestering ability is restored faster in slow-twitch than in fast-twitch muscle during recovery periods following a single bout of high-intensity exercise and suggest that the rapid restoration of SR Ca²⁺-sequestering ability in slow-twitch muscle could contribute to inhibition of disturbances in contractile and structural properties that are known to occur with raised myoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentrations.

CHARACTERISTICS OF INTRAMYOCELLULAR LIPID CONTENT IN SKELETAL MUSCLES OF OVERWEIGHT MEN AND ENDURANCE-TRAINED ATHLETES / 体力科学

This study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) to investigate differences in muscle group specific intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) storage characteristics associated with elevated muscle lipid storage, and to determine whether IMCL content is associated with maximal aerobic capacity. Seven healthy men [untrained (UT)], four overweight (OW) and six endurance-trained (T) subjects volunteered for this study. Data were acquired, using ¹H-MRS, from the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) muscles. The IMCL content in TA was approximately twice as high in T subjects than in UT and OW subjects. In MG, IMCL was higher in OW and T subjects compared with UT subjects. A linear relationship existed between the VO₂max and IMCL in TA and a curve of second-degree relationship between the VO₂max and IMCL in MG. These results suggest that elevated IMCL deposits in TA might reflect enhancement of aerobic capacity, whereas the IMCL accretion in MG might reflect not only aerobic capacity but also overweight and obese conditions in men.

Scintigraphic Evaluation of Patients with Malignant Tumor of the Head and Neck by Thallium-201-chloride (Tl-201) Scintigraphy / Oral Science International

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of thallium-201-chloride (Tl-201) scintigraphy for the examination of patients with tumors of the head and neck, and to estimate the correlation of the expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase with Tl-201 scintigraphy. Tl-201 scintigraphy was performed in 61 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 10 patients with benign tumors of the salivary gland. The tumor retention index was obtained from the early and delayed dynamic Tl-201 scintigraphies. The expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase on the cell membrane was evaluated immunohistochemically. Evaluation of correlations between the histopathological tissue differentiation of tumors, the tumor retention index of Tl-201 scintigraphy and the expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase was performed. The tumor retention index of Tl-201 scintigraphy correlated well with the histopathological tissue differentiation of tumors and also showed a good correlation with the expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. In addition, the expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase demonstrated a close correlation with the histopathological tissue differentiation of malignant tumors. The tumor retention index could be used for the differentiation of malignant tumors from benign tumors and the expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase was estimated as one of the most important factors for Tl-201 accumulation in malignant tumors.

Successful Surgical Treatment of Extensive Mitral Annular Calcification Using CUSA and MIRA Valve / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We experienced a case of extensively calcified mitral annulus and severe mitral regurgitation. A 75-year-old woman underwent successful debridement of an annular calcification with a CUSA^® and replacement of mitral valve with a MIRA^TM valve in a supra-annular position. Use of CUSA^® allowed safe removal of the calcification and prevented the tearing of the A-V groove vessels. In our technique, calcification is left to a certain extent to keep annular strength. Also the MIRA^TM valve has soft and rich sewing cuff, which enhances coaptation in highly calcified annuli and accommodates even fragile tissue. This makes it possible to implant valves even in severely diseased annulus conditions.

Bifurcated Endovascular Graft for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Multi-Center Trial of the PowerWeb System / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms were electively treated by bifurcated endovascular stent grafts (Power Web^TM system, Endologix Co., USA) at 5 Japanese centers. The stent grafting (SG) was applied for candidates nominated by the selection committee after informed consent was obtained according to the IRB in each center. The delivery success rate of 60 patients (53 males) was 96.7%. There were 2 patients with type I endoleaks, resulting in a technical success rate of 93.3%. The operation time of 193±55min and blood loss of 440±240g were significantly shorter and less, respectively in the SG group when compared with 303±88min and 1, 496±2, 025g in 97 patients (83 males) treated by conventional open surgery. Endoleaks were detected in 4 patients (type I: 3, type II: 1) by CT scan taken at the time of discharge or 1 month after SG procedure. Type I endoleak was observed in patients with short and severely angulated SG landing zones. Renal artery obstruction, and temporary buttock pain caused by internal iliac artery occlusion occurred, but there was no hospital death. In 56 patients excluding an SG-unrelated death and a dropout from surveillance, there was no secondary endoleak or marked adverse events at all except 1 SG limb occlusion during a 6-month follow up period. The aneurysm size shrank in 26 patients and remained unchanged in 30 patients. No aneurysm enlargement was observed. The Power Web^TM system is appropriate for minimally invasive surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Long-term follow-up studies will follow.

EFFECTS OF THYROID HORMONE ON SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM Ca2+ UPTAKE AND CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES IN RAT SOLEUS MUSCLE / 体力科学

The effect of hyperthyroidism on the contractile properties and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> sequestering abilities by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the soleus muscles was examined in rats treated with thyroid hormone (3, 5, 3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, T<SUB>3</SUB>) (300μg/kg body weight) for 3, 7 and 21 days. At the end of a given treatment period, the right or left soleus muscle was mounted isometrically at 30°C, and stimulated directly using supramaximal current intensity. A twitch contraction was elicited by a 1 msec square-wave pulse and a tetanic contraction by 20 Hz stimulation for 600 msec. To evaluate fatigue resistance, muscles were stimulated at 40 Hz for 350 msec with tetani repeated at an interval of 2 sec during a 4-min period. Another soleus muscle was used, for analysis of SR Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> -uptake rate and SR Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> -ATPase activity. Pronounced increases in SR Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> -uptake rate and ATPase activity were observed after T<SUB>3</SUB> treatment periods longer than 6 days. These alterations were accompanied by decreases in twitch and tetanic tension, half-relaxation time, and fatigue resistance. The T<SUB>3</SUB>-treated muscles stimulated at 20 Hz relaxed during the interval between successive stimuli, indicating that the mechanical fusion of tetanic contractions was incomplete. SR Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> uptake rate was significantly correlated both to tetanic tension and to fatigue resistance. These data suggest that there may be a causal relationship between changes in SR Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> uptake and the loss of muscular strength in the hyperthyroid soleus.

A PILOT FIELD TRIAL OF AN IN VITRO DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST USING THE ANAEROPACK MALARIA CULTURE SYSTEM ON THE THAI-MYANMAR BORDER

The AnaeroPack<SUP>®</SUP> malaria culture system with a portable thermostat incubator was evaluated in a field laboratory on the Thai-Myanmar border conducting <I>in vitro</I> drug susceptibility tests on blood samples from 5 Karen children infected with <I>P. falciparum</I>. Only one isolate was susceptible to chloroquine; the others were highly resistant. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of an isolate was only resistant to mefloquine, whereas the values of the 3 patients who presumably showed recrudescence were slightly elevated in the susceptible ranges. These results suggested that chloroquine should no longer be used for <I>P. falciparum</I> malaria in this geographic area, and that mefloquine should be carefully monitored for its <I>in vivo</I> effectiveness. In this study, the AnaeroPack<SUP>®</SUP> malaria culture system with portable thermostatic incubator is a powerful and useful mobile tool, which aids in providing detailed evidence-based distribution data concerning of drug resistant malaria in the field.

1H-MRS STUDY ON GENDER DIFFERENCES IN INTRAMUSCULAR TRIGLYCERIDES IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND THEIR RELATION TO BODY FAT AND ENDURANCE CAPACITY / 体力科学

Gender differences were measured in the amount of intramyocellular triglyceride (IMCL) and extramyocellular triglyceride (EMCL) in skeletal muscles using<SUP>1</SUP>H-MR spectroscopy and their relation to body fat and peak VO<SUB>2</SUB>was studied. Fourteen apparently healthy subjects were separated into groups by gender. Both the male and female group subjects were selected according to similar ages and BMI (male: n=7, BMI=20.5±0.6 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, age=21.1±0.7 years, female: n=7, BMI=20.6±0.5 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, age=18.7±0.3 years) . We found a significant correlation between IMCL and EMCL in the soleus (SQL: p<0.01) and medial gastrocnemius (MG: p<0.01) muscles. IMCL values in SQL were significantly higher than IMCL values in MG and tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in both males and females in the order of SQL>MG>TA (p<0.01) .<BR>IMCL and EMCL values in MG and SQL among females were significantly higher (p<0.01) than their corresponding values in males. However, a gender difference in IMCL and EMCL values for TA was not found. There was no correlation between IMCL and EMCL values for each muscle and BMI ; but IMCL (r=0.63 in SQL) and EMCL (r=0.88 and r=0.73 in SQL, and MG, respectively; p< 0.01) values correlated significantly with percent FAT. There was no correlation between IMCL values for each muscle and peak VO<SUB>2</SUB>; but the EMCL values of SQL correlated quite negatively with peak VO<SUB>2</SUB> (r=-0.63, p<0.05) . These results suggest that there are gender differences in intramyocellular and extramyocellular triglyceride contents. Lipids were positively related to percent body fat in SQL and MG; EMCL values may have a negative effect on endurance capacity.

Water Diuresis Promotes Urine Acidification with Decreases in HCO3- Concentration / 日本農村医学会雑誌

It is known that the reabsorption of filtered HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>depends on the tubular flowrate in the proximal uniferous tubule. In animal experiments, studies have demonstratedthat, when diuresis was induced, the pH of the collecting duct urine decreased, resulting from the decrease in HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>concentration with no change in the pCO<SUB>2</SUB> level.The present study was designed to examine changes in urine acidification in humansunder a water diuretic state. Urine pH, pCO<SUB>2</SUB> levels, and HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>concentration weremeasured before and after the drinking of water. In 120 minutes after hydration, theurine pH level fell about 0.5 pH unit from that before the intake of water. The urine HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>concentration coincidentally decreased significantly. However, pCO<SUB>2</SUB> values remainedunchanged. These results indicated that also in humans, water diuresis promotesurine acidification, resulting from a decrease in HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>concentration with nochange in the pCO<SUB>2</SUB> level, which may contribute to the prevention of the loss of plasmaHCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>into the urine when the urine flow rate increases.

<SUP>1</SUP>H-MRS STUDY ON GENDER DIFFERENCES IN INTRAMUSCULAR TRIGLYCERIDES IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND THEIR RELATION TO BODY FAT AND ENDURANCE CAPACITY / 体力科学

Gender differences were measured in the amount of intramyocellular triglyceride (IMCL) and extramyocellular triglyceride (EMCL) in skeletal muscles using<SUP>1</SUP>H-MR spectroscopy and their relation to body fat and peak VO<SUB>2</SUB>was studied. Fourteen apparently healthy subjects were separated into groups by gender. Both the male and female group subjects were selected according to similar ages and BMI (male: n=7, BMI=20.5±0.6 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, age=21.1±0.7 years, female: n=7, BMI=20.6±0.5 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, age=18.7±0.3 years) . We found a significant correlation between IMCL and EMCL in the soleus (SQL: p<0.01) and medial gastrocnemius (MG: p<0.01) muscles. IMCL values in SQL were significantly higher than IMCL values in MG and tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in both males and females in the order of SQL>MG>TA (p<0.01) .<BR>IMCL and EMCL values in MG and SQL among females were significantly higher (p<0.01) than their corresponding values in males. However, a gender difference in IMCL and EMCL values for TA was not found. There was no correlation between IMCL and EMCL values for each muscle and BMI ; but IMCL (r=0.63 in SQL) and EMCL (r=0.88 and r=0.73 in SQL, and MG, respectively; p< 0.01) values correlated significantly with percent FAT. There was no correlation between IMCL values for each muscle and peak VO<SUB>2</SUB>; but the EMCL values of SQL correlated quite negatively with peak VO<SUB>2</SUB> (r=-0.63, p<0.05) . These results suggest that there are gender differences in intramyocellular and extramyocellular triglyceride contents. Lipids were positively related to percent body fat in SQL and MG; EMCL values may have a negative effect on endurance capacity.