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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A bibliometric analysis covering only the production of original studies or considering world production until 2022 has yet to be conducted. The creation and advancement of vaccines have also influenced research priorities, demonstrating the need for a new approach to this subject. OBJECTIVES: To analyze worldwide scientific production related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the aged and to describe what has already been produced. DESIGN AND SETTING: Bibliometric analysis with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The search terms "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "Aged," and "Elderly" were used to retrieve articles from the Web of Science database. A total of 684 articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software and linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software were used for analysis. RESULTS: Most articles were published in 2020. These were produced by 4,937 authors and published in 379 journals. The keyword most used by the authors was "COVID-19." Publications from 77 countries were obtained. China had the highest article production ranking, and Spain collaborated the most. The articles addressed the implications of the pandemic on the aged, the relationship between vaccination in the aged, and the implications for the disease itself. CONCLUSION: Further research should be conducted, mainly concerning vaccines and vaccination of the aged, owing to the need for and importance of immunization in this risk group, including assessing the long-term effects of vaccines.
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RESUMEN Fundamento: la pandemia de COVID-19 es la crisis sanitaria que define nuestro tiempo y que ha puesto a prueba los sistemas de salud en todo el mundo. Objetivo describir las características clínico epidemiológicas de pacientes sospechosos de COVID-19, en aislamiento durante el primer cuatrimestre del 2021. Métodos estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. El universo de estudio fue de 2 631 pacientes contactos y sospechosos de la enfermedad ingresados en dos centros de aislamiento en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, desde enero hasta abril 2021. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, ocupación, municipio de residencia, antecedenetes epidemiológicos, comorbilidades y confirmación por la prueba de cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real. Se confeccionó una encuesta epidemiológica e historia clínica individual durante el aislamiento. Resultados: el 78,3 % de los pacientes en aislamiento fueron contacto de casos confirmados, los pacientes en edad laboral representaron el mayor porciento, con predominio del sexo femenino. El municipio de Cienfuegos aportó el mayor número de pacientes. El 59,2 % de estos tenía al menos una comorbilidad, más del 50 % eran hipertensos. El 8 % de los sospechosos fueron positivos a la COVID-19. Conclusiones el aislamiento de contacto y sospechosos como medida de contención de la pandemia representa una estrategia de impacto. Conocer las características de los pacientes aislados sirve como línea de base para el desarrollo de nuevas medidas sanitarias.
ABSTRACT Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is the defining health crisis of our time that has put health systems to the test around the world. Objective: to describe the clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients in isolation, during the first four months of 2021. Methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study universe consisted of 2 631 patients who were contacts and suspected of the disease admitted to two isolation centers at the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, from January to April 2021. The variables were analyzed: age, sex, occupation, municipality of residence, epidemiological antecedents, comorbidities and confirmation by the real-time polymerase chain test. An epidemiological survey and individual medical history were prepared during isolation. Results: 78.3% of the patients in isolation were contacts of confirmed cases, the patients of working age represented the highest percentage, with a predominance of the female sex. The municipality of Cienfuegos contributed the largest number of patients. 59.2% of these had at least one comorbidity, more than 50% were hypertensive. 8% of the suspects were positive for COVID-19. Conclusions: the isolation of contact and suspects as a measure to contain the pandemic represents an impact strategy. Knowing the characteristics of isolated patients serves as a baseline for the development of new health measures.
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RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los principales factores asociados a la mortalidad en una cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 en un hospital público de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con muestreo no aleatorio por conveniencia. Se incluyó pacientes adultos con sospecha clínica o confirmados para SARS-CoV-2 con pruebas rápidas y/o moleculares. Se identificaron variables demográficas, clínicas, de laboratorio, tomográficas y de tratamiento. Se emplearon técnicas de estadística descriptiva, análisis bivariado y de regresión de Poisson para determinar el riesgo relativo (RR) ajustado. Resultados: se incluyó 122 pacientes, 70,5% del sexo masculino, edad promedio de 55,8 años, con antecedentes de obesidad (25,4%) e hipertensión arterial (HTA 13,1%). El análisis multivariado de los factores clínicos identificó que la edad (RR ajustado [RRa] 1,03; IC 95%: 1,00-1,06, p=0,021), el índice de masa corporal (IMC, RRa 1,03; IC 95%: 1,01-1,05; p=0,006), la HTA (RRa 1,68; IC 95%: 1,09-2,56; p=0,017), el índice de PaO2/FiO2 (RRa 0,99; IC 95%: 0,99-1,00; p<0,001), la exposición a lopinavir/ritonavir (RRa 0,83; IC 95%: 0,76-0,91; p<0,001), y corticoides sistémicos (RRa 1,18; IC 95%: 1,09-1,27; p<0,001) estuvieron asociados a la mortalidad de manera significativa. Conclusiones: la edad, IMC, HTA, índice PaO2/FiO2, y la exposición a corticoides y LPV/r estuvieron asociadas a la mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía por SARS-CoV-2.
ABSTRACT Objective: this study aimed to describe the main factors associated to mortality in a cohort of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a public hospital in Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: this was a retrospective cohort study, with a non-random convenience sampling. Adult patients with confirmed/suspicious SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with rapid and/ or molecular tests were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, tomographic and treatment variables were identified. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and Poisson regression techniques were used to determine the adjusted relative risk (aRR). Results: 122 patients were included, 70.5% were male, with a mean age of 55.8 years, with a history of obesity (25.4%) and high blood pressure (HBP, 13.1%). The multivariate analysis of clinical factors identified that age (aRR 1.03; 95% CI: 1,00- 1.06; p=0.021), body mass index (BMI; aRR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05; p=0.006), HBP (aRR 1.68; 95% CI: 1.09-2.56; p=0.017), PaO2/FiO2 index (aRR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99-1.00; p<0.001), exposure to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r; aRR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-0.91; p <0.001), and systemic corticosteroids (aRR 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.27; p<0.001) were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions : Age, BMI, HBP, PaO2/FiO2 index, and exposure to corticosteroids and LPV/r were associated with mortality in our cohort of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.