1-triacontanol cerotate isolated from Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. safeguards hippocampal CA3 neurons and augments special memory deficit in chronic epileptic rats / Cerotato de 1-triacontanol aislado de Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. protege las neuronas CA3 del hipocampo y mejora el déficit de memoria especial en ratas epilépticas crónicas

SUMMARY: Currently many people with epilepsy do not have seizure control even with the best available medications. Moreover various antiepileptics have adverse cognitive impact with other side effect. Thus, need for new antiepileptic drugs still remains challenge. However, many of the natural components have antiepileptic action and this fact remains scientifically unexplored. This study was designed to check the behavioral and neuro-pathological outcome of 1-Triacontanol cerotate (1TAC), isolated from Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. (MQ) on chronic Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model of epilepsy in rats. Two-month-old adult male Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly divided into six groups; Group I (Cage Control), II (Vehicle Control), III (Positive Control), IV (Standard drug treated), V (1TAC: 40 mg/kg) & VI (1TAC: 80 mg/kg). To induce kindling a 35 mg/kg dose of PTZ was injected i.p. in every 48 hrs for 30 days in Group III to VI. Spatial memory performance was tested using Morris water maze, following which brains were further processed for histopathological investigations. Interestingly, 1TAC was able to minimize the loss of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA3 region. These cellular changes were behaviorally responded as improved special learning and memory, a better spatial navigation and object place configuration. The current study strongly implicates that 1TAC from MQ has potent neuroprotective role and augments special memory deficit in chronic epileptic rats. The isolated component which attenuates spatial memory performance could be beneficial outcome to retain cognitive blunting in chronic epilepsy.

RESUMEN: Actualmente, muchas personas con epilepsia no cuentan con un control adecuado de las convulsiones, incluso con los mejores medicamentos disponibles. Además, varios antiepilépticos tienen un impacto cognitivo adverso además de efectos secundarios. Por lo tanto, la necesidad de nuevos fármacos antiepilépticos sigue siendo un desafío. Sin embargo, muchos de los componentes naturales tienen acción antiepiléptica y este hecho permanece científicamente inexplorado. Este estudio se diseñó para verificar el resultado conductual y neuro-patológico del cerotato de 1-triacontanol (1TAC), aislado de Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. (MQ) en el modelo de epilepsia en ratas del pentilenetetrazol (PTZ) crónico (PTZ). Ratas Wistar adultas de dos meses de edad (n = 60) se dividieron aleatoriamente en seis grupos; Grupo I (Control de jaula), II (Control de vehículo), III (Control positivo), IV (Medicamento estándar de tratamiento), V (1TAC: 40 mg / kg) y VI (1TAC: 80 mg / kg). Para inducir la inflamación se inyectó una dosis de 35 mg / kg de PTZ i.p. en cada 48 horas durante 30 días en los grupos III a VI. El rendimiento de la memoria espacial se probó utilizando el laberinto de agua de Morris, después de lo cual se procesaron los cerebros para investigaciones histopatológicas. Curiosamente, 1TAC pudo minimizar la pérdida de células piramidales en la región CA3 del hipocampo. Estos cambios celulares respondieron de manera conductual como una mejora del aprendizaje especial y la memoria, una mejor navegación espacial y la configuración del lugar del objeto. El estudio actual implica fuertemente que 1TAC de MQ tiene un potente papel neuroprotector y mejora el déficit de memoria especial en ratas epilépticas crónicas. El componente aislado que atenúa el rendimiento de la memoria espacial podría ser un resultado beneficioso para retener la reducción cognitiva en la epilepsia crónica.

Clinical Investigation and Development of Multifocal Posterior Chamber Lens

Since March 1990, we had tried to develop domestic-made multjfocal posterior chamber lens (PCL) in cooperation with Universal Optic Co. And then on April. 1992, we developed 3-zone multifocal intraocular lens after evaluation of lens design and its refractive power. Form June to July in 1992, we implanted this multifocal intraocular lens in 8 cataract patients(8 eyes) after obtaining informed consent and evaluated its clinical efficacy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed well manufactured, fine optic and haptic portion and smooth treatment of 3-zone optic surface for near vision. At 6 months after operation, 4 patients achieved naked distance visual acuity of 0.8 to 1.2 and 4 patients showed visual acuity of 0.5 to 0.7. Naked near vision was improved to J1(1 patient), J2(1 patient) and J3(2 patients), 4 patients obtained raked near vision below J3, 6 patients showed final refractive state within +/-1.0D and 2 patients noted hyperopic shift(+1.25 ~ +2.0D). On slit lamp examination, all PCLs were well centered in-the-bag after mydriasis and other complications related to PCL insertion were not occurred. The most common subjective symptom was halo at night(6 patients). Three patients also complained a ring shadow around the objects. Contrast sensitivity was decreased especially at night in all patients. From these results, this domestic-made multifocal PCL was effective to restore near and distance vision in cataract patients but side effects such as halo, ring shadow were resulted from the its unique 3-zone optic portion. Therefore, further investigation and study will be necessory to develop ideal type of multifocal PCL.

Clinical Investigation and Development of Multifocal Posterior Chamber Lens

Since March 1990, we had tried to develop domestic-made multjfocal posterior chamber lens (PCL) in cooperation with Universal Optic Co. And then on April. 1992, we developed 3-zone multifocal intraocular lens after evaluation of lens design and its refractive power. Form June to July in 1992, we implanted this multifocal intraocular lens in 8 cataract patients(8 eyes) after obtaining informed consent and evaluated its clinical efficacy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed well manufactured, fine optic and haptic portion and smooth treatment of 3-zone optic surface for near vision. At 6 months after operation, 4 patients achieved naked distance visual acuity of 0.8 to 1.2 and 4 patients showed visual acuity of 0.5 to 0.7. Naked near vision was improved to J1(1 patient), J2(1 patient) and J3(2 patients), 4 patients obtained raked near vision below J3, 6 patients showed final refractive state within +/-1.0D and 2 patients noted hyperopic shift(+1.25 ~ +2.0D). On slit lamp examination, all PCLs were well centered in-the-bag after mydriasis and other complications related to PCL insertion were not occurred. The most common subjective symptom was halo at night(6 patients). Three patients also complained a ring shadow around the objects. Contrast sensitivity was decreased especially at night in all patients. From these results, this domestic-made multifocal PCL was effective to restore near and distance vision in cataract patients but side effects such as halo, ring shadow were resulted from the its unique 3-zone optic portion. Therefore, further investigation and study will be necessory to develop ideal type of multifocal PCL.