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SUMMARY: This study investigates the relationship between the second and fourth finger ratio (2D:4D), physicians' propensity to choose an internal or surgical branch, and sex differences. On a voluntary basis, 177 physicians working in Elazig, 122 men and 55 women were enrolled in the study. Their hands were measured for 2D and 4D lengths, and the 2D:4D ratio was computed. In female doctors, the left hand's 2D:4D ratio is 1.01, compared to the right hand's 1.00. Male doctors' right 2D:4D ratio is 0.99, while their left 2D:4D ratio is 1.00. Male physicians' 2D:4D ratios were different from those of men in the general population, whereas female physicians' 2D:4D ratios were comparable to those of women in the general population. As a result, this study was the first to examine the relationship between the ratio of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D), physicians' tendency to choose an internal medicine or surgical branch, and sex differences. While the 2D:4D ratio was higher than 0.98 in all physicians, it was low in women who disliked their profession and branch. Since there aren't many studies on this subject, data from in-depth studies that will be conducted in the future will help physicians who choose internal medicine and surgery make more informed decisions.
Este estudio investiga la relación entre la proporción de los dedos segundo y cuarto (2D:4D), la propensión de los médicos a elegir una rama interna o quirúrgica y las diferencias de género. De forma voluntaria, se inscribieron en el estudio 177 médicos que trabajaban en Elazig, 122 hombres y 55 mujeres. Sus manos se midieron en longitudes 2D y 4D, y se calculó la relación 2D:4D. En las médicos mujeres, la relación 2D:4D de la mano izquierda es 1,01, en comparación con 1,00 de la mano derecha. La relación 2D:4D derecha de los médicos hombres fue 0,99, mientras que la relación 2D:4D izquierda fye 1,00. Las proporciones 2D:4D de los médicos hombres fueron diferentes de las de los hombres en la población general, mientras que las proporciones 2D:4D de las mujeres médicas fueron comparables a las de las mujeres en la población general. Como resultado, este estudio fue el primero en examinar la relación entre la proporción del segundo y cuarto dedo (2D:4D), la tendencia de los médicos a elegir una rama de medicina interna o quirúrgica y las diferencias de sexo. Mientras que la relación 2D:4D fue superior a 0,98 en todos los médicos, fue baja en las mujeres que no les gustaba su profesión y rama. Dado que no hay muchos estudios sobre este tema, los datos de estudios en profundidad que se realizarán en el futuro ayudarán a los médicos que eligen medicina interna y cirugía a tomar decisiones más informadas.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Médicos/psicología , Conducta de Elección , Dedos/anatomía & histología , Ratios Digitales , Cirugía General , Factores Sexuales , Antropometría , Caracteres Sexuales , Medicina InternaRESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the effect of mid-ventricular obstruction (MVO) on left ventricular systolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM) by four-dimensional automatic left ventricular quantitation technology(4D Auto LVQ).Methods:Fifty-seven hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients were selected from December 2020 to October 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. According to the presence of MVO, HCM patients were divided into two groups: HCM 1 group, HCM without MVO ( n=34); HCM 2 group, HCM with MVO ( n=23). In addition, 25 healthy subjects in the same period were selected as the control group. Conventional ultrasound parameters were collected, and 4D Auto LVQ technology was used to obtain the mechanical parameters of left ventricular myocardium, including left ventricular longitudinal strain (GLS), circumferential strain (GCS), area strain (GAS), radial strain (GRS), segmental longitudinal strain (SLS) and area strain (SAS). The differences of these parameters among the three groups were compared. Results:①Compared with the control group, the thickness of the maximum basal segment of interventricular septum, the thickness of the middle segment of the maximum interventricular septum, the thickness of the apical segment of the interventricular septum, the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall and left atrium diameter were significantly increased. Six-minute walk distance and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was decreased in the two groups of HCM(all P<0.05). Left ventricular outflow tract gradients in HCM 1 group was higher than HCM 2 group( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction among the three groups( P>0.05). There was significant difference in the incidence of left ventricular apical aneurysm among the three groups( P<0.05). ②Compared with the control group, the GLS in both HCM groups was lower, and it was lower in the HCM 2 group than in the HCM 1 group(all P<0.05) the GRS and GAS in both HCM groups were lower than in the control group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups of HCM, and there was no significant difference in GCS among the three groups(all P>0.05). ③Compared with the control group, the SLS of basal segment, middle segment, apical cap, posterior septum, inferior wall and lateral wall in HCM group were significantly lower than those in control group. The SLS of apical segment of posterior septum, anterior septum, anterior wall, posterior wall, inferior wall and apical segment of posterior septum, lateral wall and inferior wall in HCM 2 group were significantly lower than HCM 1 group(all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in SLS of posterior septum, anterior septum, anterior wall, lateral wall and inferior wall between the two groups(all P>0.05). ④Compared with the control group, the SAS of posterior septal basal segment, middle segment, anterior septal middle segment, anterior wall basal segment, middle segment, apical segment, lateral wall basal segment, middle segment, apical segment, posterior wall basal segment, middle segment, inferior wall basal segment, middle segment and apical cap in HCM groups were significantly lower than the control group(all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in SAS between the two groups of HCM( P>0.05). Conclusions:4D Auto LVQ can quantitatively evaluate the damage of MVO on the left ventricular systolic function in patients with HCM, especially for the evaluation of local myocardial function damage in the medial segment and apical segment.
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Objective:To explore the application value of four-dimensional automatic left ventricular quantitation(4D Auto LVQ) technology, in evaluating the myocardial mechanics in patients with different risk stratifications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Methods:A total of 88 HCM patients and 20 healthy volunteers were selected from February 2020 to February 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. According to the HCM Risk-SCD score, HCM patients were divided into 3 groups: low-risk group( n=49), intermediate-risk group( n=21), and high-risk group( n=18). Conventional ultrasound parameters were collected, and 4D Auto LVQ technology was used to obtain the mechanical parameters of left ventricular myocardium, including global longitudinal strain(GLS) , global circumferential strain(GCS), global area strain(GAS), global radial strain(GRS), twist and torsion. The differences in these parameters among the four groups were compared. The predictive values of conventional ultrasound parameters and myocardial mechanical parameters in patients with intermediate- and high-risk HCM patients were analyzed by ROC curve. Results:①Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, and peak systolic velocity of mitral annulus in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were lower than those in the control group while left ventricular maximal wall thickness(LVMWT) and early diastolic peak velocity of mitral value orifice/early diastolic peak velocity of mitral annulus(E/e′) were higher, left atrial diameter(LAD) and left ventricular outflow tract gradients(LVOTG) in the intermediate- and high-risk groups were higher than the low-risk group(all P<0.05). ②Compared with the control group, the GLS of HCM patients was lower, and the GLS of the intermediate- and high-risk groups was lower than the low-risk group. GCS and GRS in the intermediate- and high-risk groups were lower than those in the low-risk group. GAS in the high-risk group was lower than the low-risk and the control group, but higher than the intermediate-risk group(all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the twist and torsion in the intermediate- and high-risk groups were higher, but lower than the low-risk group, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). ③The ROC results showed that the area under the curve(AUC) of the model containing conventional ultrasound parameters(LVWMT, LAD, and LVOTG) for predicting intermediate- and high-risk HCM patients was 0.811, with a sensitivity of 0.769 and a specificity of 0.755. The AUC of the conventional ultrasound parameters combined with myocardial mechanical parameters was 0.904, as the sensitivity was 0.667 and the specificity was 0.980. Conclusions:4D Auto LVQ can evaluate the mechanical characteristics of LV myocardium in HCM patients with different risk stratifications. Myocardial mechanical parameters combined with conventional ultrasound parameters can improve the diagnostic performance of patients with intermediate- and high-risk HCM.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of vision therapy system 4D combined with stereoscopic 3D technology training for the treatment of amblyopia.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 102 children with amblyopia who attended the clinic from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected, and they were randomly assigned into two groups by computer, with 51 cases in each group. Control group received stereoscopic 3D technology training, while observation group participated in vision therapy system 4D on the basis of control group. Then the overall effective rate, binocular visual function, spherical equivalent(SE), axial length(AL), mean corneal curvature(Km), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and visual evoked potential were compared between two groups.RESULTS: The overall efficacy rate was 94.1% in observation group, which was obviously higher than control group(74.5%; P<0.05). The improvement in binocular vision parameters simultaneous perception, total fusion, and stereoacuity were all more remarkable in observation group than in control group(P<0.05). The △SE, △AL and △Km yielded no statistical difference between two groups(P>0.05). The latency of two spatial frequencies(1°grid and 15'grid)showed a decline in both groups, and the decline was more notable in observation group than in control group(P<0.05). In both groups, BCVA improved, and the improvement was more significant in observation group compared with control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Application of vision therapy system 4D combined with stereoscopic 3D technology training for amblyopia can effectively ameliorate the visual acuity, promote the reconstruction of simultaneous perception, total fusion, and stereoacuity without additional risk of myopic shift, and improve visual pathway function in children.
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Objective To investigate the expression of Sema4D in peripheral blood T cells and serum of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and its correlation with clinical indicators. Methods A total of 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 68 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, and 20 healthy controls who attended The 940 th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army from October 2020 to November 2021 were enrolled. According to Child-Pugh class, the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were divided into Child-Pugh class A group with 24 patients, Child-Pugh class B group with 24 patients, and Child-Pugh class C group with 20 patients. After peripheral blood samples were collected to isolate serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of membrane-bound Sema4D (mSema4D) + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells in PBMCs, and ELISA was used to measure the expression of soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) in serum; their correlation with viral replication and liver inflammation markers was analyzed. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for further comparison between two groups; a Spearman correlation analysis was also performed. Results There were significant differences in the expression of mSema4D + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells between the CHB group, the hepatitis B cirrhosis group, and the control group ( F =43.092 and 13.344, both P < 0.001), while there were significant differences between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The expression levels of mSema4D + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells gradually decreased with increasing Child-Pugh class ( F =14.093 and 17.154, both P < 0.05), and there were significant differences between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The content of sSema4D was 1.54(1.42-1.71) ng/mL in the control group, 1.08(1.07-1.38) ng/mL in the CHB group, and 4.87(2.13-14.97) ng/mL in the hepatitis B cirrhosis group, with a significant difference between the three groups ( H =32.366, P < 0.001) and between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The content of sSema4D was 2.42(0.59-5.65) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class A group, 4.92(2.75-12.73) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class B group, and 14.18(4.59-18.43) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class C group, with a significant difference between the three groups ( H =11.889, P =0.003) and between any two groups ( P < 0.05). In patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, the level of sSema4D was positively correlated with the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HBV DNA quantification ( r =0.294 and 0.430, both P < 0.05). Conclusion Sema4D is lowly expressed on T cell membrane and highly expressed in serum of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, and sSema4D may be involved in the development and progression of hepatitis B cirrhosis by affecting the levels of ALT and HBV DNA.
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3D bioprinting technology is a rapidly developing technique that employs bioinks containing biological materials and living cells to construct biomedical products. However, 3D-printed tissues are static, while human tissues are in real-time dynamic states that can change in morphology and performance. To improve the compatibility between in vitro and in vivo environments, an in vitro tissue engineering technique that simulates this dynamic process is required. The concept of 4D printing, which combines "3D printing + time" provides a new approach to achieving this complex technique. 4D printing involves applying one or more smart materials that respond to stimuli, enabling them to change their shape, performance, and function under the corresponding stimulus to meet various needs. This article focuses on the latest research progress and potential application areas of 4D printing technology in the cardiovascular system, providing a theoretical and practical reference for the development of this technology.
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Humanos , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Bioimpresión/métodos , Impresión Tridimensional , Sistema Cardiovascular , Andamios del TejidoRESUMEN
@#<b>Objective</b> To compare the effects of different respiratory signal acquisition methods on the delineation of moving tumor targets. <b>Methods</b> A cube phantom containing a sphere was placed on a motion platform to simulate respiratory movement by setting motion period, frequency, and direction. Respiratory signal was acquired by real-time position management (RPM) method and GE method independently. Target delineation was conducted using the maximum intensity projection (MIP) sequence. The difference between the reconstructed volume and the theoretical moving volume was compared under the two respiratory signal acquisition methods for cube and sphere targets. <b>Results</b> Under the same respiratory signal acquisition method, the same respiratory amplitude, and different respiratory frequencies, reconstructed volume changes were relatively small. For the sphere target, the deviation between the reconstructed volume and the theoretical moving volume was −1.5% to 5.7% with the RPM method and −1.3% to −13.8% with the GE method (both <i>P</i> < 0.05). For the cube target, the deviation between the reconstructed volume and the theoretical moving volume was 0.2% to 0.9% with the RPM method and −2.6% to 0.9% with the GE method, with no statistical significance. <b>Conclusion</b> For small-volume sphere targets, the target volumes obtained from MIP images by the two respiratory signal acquisition methods are both smaller than the actual moving volume. For large-volume cube targets, there is no significant difference between the reconstructed and theoretical results with any respiratory signal acquisition method. The RPM method produces smaller deviation and better image quality when reconstructing small-volume targets.
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@#As the key to regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissues such as bone, dental pulp and skin, vascularization has always been the focus of tissue engineering. With the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering, there are increasing ways to construct vascular structures. However, to achieve the objective of highly simulating vascular structure in morphology and function and promote tissue repair, it is still a major difficulty for 3D bioprinting to construct highly precise and biologically functional simulated vascular structures. This paper summarizes new progress of 3D printing vascular structure, expounds frontier biological manufacturing technologies of vascular and vascularized structure such as suspension printing, coaxial printing, 4D printing, and so on, analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and discusses its development prospect, in order to provide reference for the application of 3D printing blood vessels in regeneration and repair of oral and maxillofacial tissues.
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Background: The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) was launched in 2013 to screen and manage birth defects, deficiencies, diseases, and developmental delays including disabilities in Indian children, with the help of designated mobile health teams and grassroot workers across the country. Objectives: Performance of the RBSK program in three selected blocks of a health district of a large Indian state (West Bengal) was assessed. Methods: The performance assessment was based on input, process, and output performances, using checklists based on RBSK operational guidelines. Results: While some essential evaluation tools were available in required numbers at the block level, many were unavailable. There were deficiencies in the number of health staff appointed. Although most screening camps were conducted as per microplan, some were not. Anthropometric measurements were not done in some camps; Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) materials were not used adequately. Issues with fund management were also noted. The intervention rate at higher centers (District Early Intervention Centre) was low with regard to the children referred for management. Involvement of grassroot workers such as ASHA was also found to be lacking. Conclusion: Frequent orientation training of medical officers and staff is needed along with the efforts to strengthen the referral system and the patient tracking system. Sensitizing the children and their guardians regarding the importance of the relevant health issues is also needed with the help of the proper implementation of IEC services.
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Extended reality is one of the leading cutting-edge technologies, which has not yet fully set foot into the field of ophthalmology. The use of extended reality technology especially in ophthalmic education and counseling will revolutionize the face of teaching and counseling on a whole new level. We have used this novel technology and have created a holographic museum of various anatomical structures such as the eyeball, cerebral venous system, cerebral arterial system, cranial nerves, and various parts of the brain in fine detail. These four-dimensional (4D) ophthalmic holograms created by us (patent pending) are cost-effectively constructed with TrueColor confocal images to serve as a new-age immersive 4D pedagogical and counseling tool for gameful learning and counseling, respectively. According to our knowledge, this concept has not been reported in the literature before.
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Abstract One research line in criminal behavior studies 2D:4D ratio as predictor of aggression and violent behavior has been established, given that there are sexually dimorphic behaviors associated with the influence of testosterone on brain organization. However, results have been mixed. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the 2D:4D ratio among offending and non-offending Colombian men in four groups (N = 139). A comparative study was conducted with three groups of offenders sentenced in a Colombian penitentiary: (1) sexual offenders against children (n = 34), (2) sexual offenders against adult women (n = 31), and (3) non-sexual violent offenders (n = 26); as well as one group (4) men with no criminal record (n = 48). The 2D:4D ratio was measured using the hand scanning technique and three digital measurements were analyzed with the Autometric software: right hand ratio, left hand ratio, and difference between the right and left hand ratios (Dr - Iz). Although, in all groups, right-digit ratio was lower that left-digit ratio (negative Dr-l ratio) and, in non-offending men this difference was not significant, no strong significant differences were found between groups in any measure of 2D:4D ratio used (right hand, left hand or Dr−l). The results support the idea that these associations are too weak to consider them predictors of sexual or non-sexual criminal behavior. The risk factors determining sexual or non-sexual criminal behavior, seems to go beyond intra-uterine effects and involve complex interactions between heritability, epigenetics, and pre-natal and post-natal life events.
Resumen Una de las líneas de investigación de la conducta criminal estudia la relación 2D:4D como predictor de agresión y comportamiento violento, dada la conexión de este marcador biológico con la influencia de la testosterona en la organización del cerebro y los comportamientos sexualmente dimórficos más prevalentes en hombres. Los resultados han sido mixtos y, en general, se han encontrado tamaños de efecto débiles, aunque significativos, en la relación entre proporción 2D:4D y el comportamiento agresivo, con escasos estudios comparativos y con muestras forenses. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las diferencias en la relación 2D:4D entre hombres colombianos (N = 139) con y sin delitos en cuatro grupos. Para ello, .e realizó un estudio comparativo con tres grupos de delincuentes condenados en una cárcel de Colombia: (1) agresores sexuales de menores (n = 34); (2) agresores sexuales de mujeres adultas (n = 31); (3) delincuentes violentos no sexuales (n = 26), y uno de (4) hombres sin antecedentes delictivos (n = 48). Se midió la proporción 2D:4D usando la técnica de escaneo de las manos y se analizaron tres medidas digitales con el software Autometric: proporción de la mano derecha, mano izquierda y diferencia entre la proporción de las manos derecha e izquierda (Dr - Iz). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la diferencia de la proporción Dr-Iz en todos los grupos, en la que la 2D:4D de la mano derecha fue menor que la de la mano izquierda en todos los grupos. Sólo en los hombres sin antecedentes delictivos esta diferencia no fue significativa. Para evaluar las diferencias grupales en las relaciones 2D:4D, se ajustaron modelos tipo a ANOVA unidireccional con un solo grupo como predictor, seguidos de contrastes de Helmert para comparar las diferencias entre todos los grupos. El grupo predijo sólo la diferencia de las proporciones Dr - Iz, pero no las proporciones de la mano derecha o izquierda por separado. El grupo de hombres sin antecedentes delictivos, mostró una proporción 2D:4D de la mano izquierda significativamente menor (masculinizada) y una menor diferencia (más cercana a cero) entre las proporciones Dr-Iz comparado con los grupos de delincuentes. Sin embargo, los contrastes con cada grupo, mostraron que la diferencia sólo fue significativa con el grupo de delincuentes violentos no sexuales, pero no con los grupos de agresores sexuales. Se concluyó que no hubo diferencias significativas importantes y concluyentes entre los grupos en ninguna medida de la proporción 2D:4D utilizada (mano derecha, mano izquierda o Dr − Iz). Estos resultados respaldan la idea de que estas asociaciones son demasiado débiles para considerarlas predictores de conductas criminales sexuales o no sexuales. Los factores de riesgo que determinan el comportamiento delictivo sexual o no sexual parecen ir más allá de los efectos intrauterinos reflejados por el biomarcador 2D:4D y, posiblemente, involucrar interacciones complejas entre heredabilidad, epigenética y eventos de la vida prenatal y postnatal. Si la relación 2D:4D es un marcador indirecto válido y confiable de androgenización prenatal, no es algo que se pueda discutir con los datos aquí obtenidos. Sin embargo, si tiene más que un simple efecto detectado por casualidad en el comportamiento delictivo, esto también debería explorarse más a fondo no sólo en la mano derecha, como la mayoría de la investigación disponible lo ha hecho, sino en la mano izquierda y en la diferencia entre las proporciones 2D:4D Dr-Iz, para evaluar si su poder explicativo se mantiene bajo como hasta ahora o incluso inexistente.
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Objective:The respiratory waveform of lung cancer patients based on 4D-CT respiratory gating was analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of gating during radiotherapy, and to explore the off-target in the 4D-CT respiratory gating radiotherapy.Methods:Clinical data of 18 patients with lung cancer admitted to Radiotherapy Department of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were collected to obtain the respiratory waveform data during 4D-CT respiratory gating radiotherapy. The waveform in each treatment working cycle was compared with the waveform in 4D-CT scan to study whether there was a possibility of the off-target in the treatment of lung cancer patients.Results:There were 154 treatment sessions and 20,790 treatment breathing cycles in 18 patients, among which the threshold of gated opening beam miss amplitude (Δm-en) was greater than 0 in 95 treatment breathing cycles in 7 patients, accounting for 0.46% of all breathing cycles, and the threshold of gated closing beam miss amplitude (Δm-dis) was greater than 0 in 1419 treatment breathing cycles in 13 patients, accounting for 6.83% of all cycles. Among the 13 patients withΔm-dis greater than 0, actual tumor range of motion (R G) was greater than the sum of the value of target margin (M) and the value of plan tumor range of motion (R T) in 7 patients, R G was more than 1.5 times of M+R T in 7 patients, and there were also 7 patients in the phase of rapid rise and fall of respiratory curve. The correlation efficients between R G-M-R T and the percentage of beam on miss phase (T en%) and the percentage of beam closing off phase (T dis%) were 0.41 and 0.57, respectively. Conclusion:When R G is more than 1.5 times of M+R T value and the gating beam on phase contains the phases in the rapid rise and fall of the respiratory curve, the possibility of the off-target during radiotherapy is significantly increased.
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Composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA) is a novel transplantation discipline to treat functional tissue or limb defects. Since a majority of CTA grafts were vascularized grafts, it is also known as vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). The grafts of CTA/VCA consist of two or more types of allogeneic skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, muscle, nerve and vessel, etc. Most of CTA/VCA grafts contain skin tissues, which possess the highest antigenicity. Acute rejection after transplantation is the primary obstacle leading to CTA/VCA graft failure and primary graft dysfunction. Hence, histopathological characteristics of skin rejection in CTA/VCA grafts have become the primary hotspot. In this article, pathological features of CTA/VCA rejection, Banff classification in 2007 and related research progress were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of rejection and other complications of CTA/VCA.
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Objective:To investigate the safety and dose of 4D template (real-time adjustable angle template) in the treatment of advanced malignant tumors with 125I seeds. Methods:98 patients with advanced malignant tumors admitted to Department of Thoracic Surgery of Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital were treated with 4D template-navigated radioactive 125I seed implantation from June 2018 to December 2019. Preoperative TPS plan, intraoperative optimization, postoperative verification of immediate dose and postoperative evaluation of implantation dose were performed. The treatment results were observed. Results:All 98 patients completed the seed implantation. The implantation dose of GTV of implantation site receiving external irradiation was (12 489±414) cGy and the dose of no external irradiation was (15 036±514) cGy. V 100% was 84.7%-94.1%, and 88.2%-93.7%. The implantation dose of CTV was (7 450±621) cGy, and (9 080±761) cGy. The quality of dose implantation was evaluated as: excellent in 89 cases (91%, 89/98), good in 7 cases (7%, 7/98), fair in 2 cases (2%, 2/98), and poor in 0 case, respectively. The symptom relief rate of patients with pain was 92%(36/39). The 1-and 2-year local control rates were 61%, 36% and 82%, 54% in patients treated with and without external irradiation, respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( P=0.02). The incidence rates of pneumothorax and hemoptysis were 19%(9/48) and 10%(5/48). No corresponding complications were observed in other parts of the patients. Conclusion:4D template-assisted 125I seed therapy is safe and effective for malignant tumors, and intraoperative adjustment of needle angle and dose optimization can realize the precise control of implantation dose.
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Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), also known as humoral rejection, is an immune injury caused by rejection involved with multiple humoral immune effectors, such as antibodies and complements, etc. AMR plays a pivotal role in hyperacute, acute and chronic rejection. In this article, the basic definition of AMR, the research progress and major achievements on AMR pathology according to Banff classification on allograft pathology (Banff classification), and main pathological characteristics of AMR in renal allograft were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of AMR, and guarantee the long-term survival of renal graft and recipients.
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The Banff conference on allograft pathology (Banff conference) and the establishment of Banff classification on allograft pathology (Banff classification) are milestones in the development of international allograft pathology. At present, all organ transplantation centers around the world routinely perform pathological diagnosis by biopsy of the transplant kidney according to Banff classification. Subsequently, the consensus process and update mode of Banff classification for transplant kidney was quickly extended to transplant heart, lung, liver, pancreas, and small intestine, etc. The Banff conference has not only become a thematic meeting that includes the pathology study and discussion of various transplant organs, but also gradually developed unified diagnostic standard for the biopsy of each transplant organ, which better promoted the accurate diagnosis and treatment of complications after organ transplantation. This article summarized the history of international allograft pathology research, the Banff conference and Banff classification in promoting organ transplantation, which aimed to provide a reference for the smooth development of clinical organ transplantation.
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@#AIM: To evaluate the effect of stereoscopic 4D(S4D)technology as a visual training system in children with hyperopic amblyopia and hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.<p>METHODS: Totally 48 patients aged 3-9 years with hyperopic amblyopia and hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia were recruited, including 18 hyperopic amblyopia(36 eyes)and 30 hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia(30 eyes). All patients excluded other eye diseases and received S4D technology training on the basis of refractive correction and reasonable covering. The initial training was mainly to improve visual acuity. Those with visual acuity above 0.6 were treated with disinhibition training and binocular visual function training. The changes of visual acuity and binocular stereopsis before and after training were compared.<p>RESULTS: The 18 patients(36 eyes)with hyperopic amblyopia were divided into mild amblyopia group(<i>n</i>=13), moderate amblyopia group(<i>n</i>=19)and severe amblyopia group(<i>n</i>=4). 30 patients(30 eyes)with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia were divided into mild amblyopia group(<i>n</i>=5), moderate amblyopia group(<i>n</i>=13)and severe amblyopia group(<i>n</i>=12). The visual acuity was significantly improved after 60 times of treatment. After 60 times of treatment, stereopsis was significantly improved, which had nothing to do with the initial diopter(<i>P</i>>0.05), but positively correlated with the visual acuity initially and finally(<i>P</i><0.05), and positively correlated with the amount of anisometropia(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: S4D technology training combined with traditional treatment can effectively improve the visual acuity and binocular function of 3-9 years old children with anisometropic amblyopia and hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.
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Objective This study reconstructed 4D-CBCT for fully automatic compensated sliding motion by incorporating the bilateral filtering into the Deformable Vector Field (DVF). Methods First, a motion compensated simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (Modified Simultaneous Algebra Reconstruction Technique, mSART) was used to generate a high quality reference phase by using all phase projection stogether with the initial 4D-DVFs, which were generated via Demons registration between 0% phase and each other phaseimage. The 4D-DVF was optimized by matching the forward projection of the deformed 0% phase with the measured projection of the target phase. The loss function’s DVF smoothing constrain term contained bilateral filtering kernel that contained: 1) an spatial domain Guassian kernel; 2) animage intensity domain Guassian kernel; and 3) a DVF domain Guassian kernel. By choosing suitable kernel variances, the sliding motion can be extracted. A non-linear conjugate gradient optimizer wasused. We validated the algorithm on a Non-Uniform Rotational B- spline based Cardiac-Torso (NCAT) phantom. Quantification was evaluated by: 1) the Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) together with the Maximum-Error (MaxE); 2) the Dice coefficient of the extracted lung contour from the final reconstructed images and 3) the relative reconstruction error (RE) to evaluate the algorithm's performance. Results The motion trajectory's RMSE/MaxEare 0.796/1.02 mm for bilateral filtering reconstruction; and 2.704/4.08 mm for original reconstruction. Image content such a stherib position, the hearted gedefinition, the fibrous structures all had been better corrected with bilateral filtering. Conclusion We developed a bilateral filtering based fully automatic sliding motion compensated 4D-CBCT scheme. Digital phantom study confirmed the improved motion estimation and image reconstruction ability. It can be used as a 4D-CBCT image guidance tool for lung SBRTtreatment.
RESUMEN
Acrodysostosis is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, which is caused by abnormalities in the GPCR-Gsα-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway due to mutations in the PRKAR1A gene or PDE4D gene.Acrodysostosis is mainly characterized by skeletal development disorders with or without hormone resistance, and it should be differentiated from pseudohypoparathyroidism, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism and other related diseases.Diagnosis mainly depends on clinical diagnosis, and molecular genetic diagnosis is the gold standard.The mainstay of therapy is symptomatic treatment.The epidemiology of acrodysostosis has not been reported so far.This article reviewes recent publication of acrodysostosis at home and abroad.