Prevalencia de patología urogenital en la consulta ambulatoria de varones adolescentes. Estudio descriptivo transversal / Prevalence of urogenital disease in male adolescent outpatient visits. A descriptive, cross-sectional study

Introducción. El examen genital en varones es una evaluación clínica simple y rápida para detectar patología urogenital. Los datos sobre prevalencia de patología urogenital en varones adolescentes son limitados. Nuestro objetivo fue describir la prevalencia de patología urogenital en varones adolescentes. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal en el Servicio de Adolescencia de un hospital público de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se evaluaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas (HC) de varones de 9 a 20 años atendidos entre 2008 y 2018; se incluyeron las que tenían examen genital. Se recabaron datos de edad, estadio puberal, orquidometría, patología urogenital antes de la adolescencia y al momento de la consulta. La prevalencia se expresó en porcentaje e intervalo de confianza del 95 % (IC95%). Se estimó necesario incluir 1167 HC como muestra poblacional. Resultados. Se evaluaron 2129 HC; se incluyeron 1429. En 686 casos no se hizo el examen genital. La población tuvo una mediana de edad de 12 años (rango intercuartílico 11-14 años). En 72 varones (5,7 %; IC95% 4,5-7,2), se halló una enfermedad genitourinaria antes de la adolescencia. Se detectó al menos una patología urogenital en 272 adolescentes (14,8 %; IC95% 13,1-16,7); las más frecuentes fueron adherencia balanoprepucial 5,3 % (IC95% 4,2-6,6), varicocele 2,7 % (IC95% 2-3,7) y fimosis 1,8 % (IC95% 1,2-2,6). Conclusiones. El examen genital permitió detectar que el 14,8 % de los varones adolescentes atendidos presentó alguna patología urogenital. Las entidades más frecuentes fueron adherencia balanoprepucial, varicocele y fimosis.

Introduction. The male genital exam is a simple and quick assessment to look for urogenital disease. Data on the prevalence of urogenital disease in male adolescents are limited. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of urogenital disease in male adolescents. Population and methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Adolescenceof a public hospital in the City of Buenos Aires. The medical records of male patients aged 9 to 20 years seen between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed; all those with a genital exam were included. Data on age, pubertal stage, orchidometry, and urogenital disease before adolescence and at the time of consultation were recorded. The prevalence was described as percentage and 95% confidence interval (CI).As per estimations, 1167 medical records had to be included to establish the population sample. Results. A total of 2129 medical records were assessed and 1429 were included. No genital exam had been conducted in 686 cases. The median age of the population was 12 years (interquartile range: 11­14 years). Urogenital disease before adolescence was detected in 72 boys (5.7%; 95% CI: 4.5­7.2). Urogenital disease was found in 272 adolescents (14.8%; 95% CI: 13.1­16.7); the most common conditions were balanopreputial adhesions in 5.3% (95% CI: 4.2­6.6), varicocele in 2.7% (95% CI: 2­3.7), and phimosis in 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2­2.6). Conclusions. A genital exam allowed to detect that 14.8% of adolescent boys had a urogenital diseaseThe most common conditions were balanopreputial adhesions, varicocele, and phimosis.

A prediction model for coronary artery abnormalities in children with Kawasaki disease older than 5 years

Abstract Objective: Reliably prediction models for coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in children aged > 5 years with Kawasaki disease (KD) are still lacking. This study aimed to develop a nomogram model for predicting CAA at 4 to 8 weeks of illness in children with KD older than 5 years. Methods: A total of 644 eligible children were randomly assigned to a training cohort (n = 450) and a validation cohort (n = 194). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was used for optimal predictors selection, and multivariate logistic regression was used to develop a nomogram model based on the selected predictors. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Brier score, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess model performance. Results: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, intravenous immunoglobulin resistance, and maximum baseline z-score ≥ 2.5 were identified by LASSO as significant predictors. The model incorporating these variables showed good discrimination and calibration capacities in both training and validation cohorts. The AUC of the training cohort and validation cohort were 0.854 and 0.850, respectively. The DCA confirmed the clinical usefulness of the nomogram model. Conclusions: A novel nomogram model was established to accurately assess the risk of CAA at 4-8 weeks of onset among KD children older than 5 years, which may aid clinical decisionmaking.

Incidência de complicações durante os anos iniciais de formação de um serviço de fissuras labiopalatinas / Incidence of complications during the initial years of formation of a cleft lip and palate service

Introdução: A fissura labiopalatina é a malformação congênita craniofacial mais comum. Dificuldades na alimentação, fala e audição são comuns nestes pacientes, necessitando de tratamento multidisciplinar, o que dificulta a criação e manutenção de serviços especializados. A diversidade de classificações e o grande número de técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas nas cirurgias primárias (queiloplastia e palatoplastia) dificultam a comparação de dados epidemiológicos e de complicações entre os serviços, existindo carência de estudos avaliando centros especializados em fissuras labiopalatinas recém-criados. Método: Foi realizado estudo do tipo coorte prospectiva com pacientes com diagnóstico de fissura labiopalatina submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos primários, no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, entre julho de 2017 e fevereiro de 2023. Foram incluídos pacientes menores de 18 anos com acompanhamento pós-operatório de pelo menos 3 meses. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 79 pacientes, que foram submetidos a 115 cirurgias primárias (54 queiloplastias e 61 palatoplastias). Foram relatadas 11 complicações neste período: 2 deiscências em queiloplastia (3,70%), 1 cicatriz hipertrófica em queiloplastia (1,85%), 6 fístulas em palatoplastia (9,83%) e 2 deiscências em palatoplastia (3,28%). A incidência de complicações foi de 9,56% quando analisado o total de cirurgias, sendo 5,55% nos pacientes submetidos a queiloplastia e 13,11% nos pacientes submetidos a palatoplastia. Conclusão: A incidência de complicações durante os anos iniciais de estruturação do serviço foi semelhante a outros estudos da literatura.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital craniofacial malformation. Difficulties in eating, speaking, and hearing are common in these patients, requiring multidisciplinary treatment, which makes it difficult to create and maintain specialized services. The diversity of classifications and the large number of surgical techniques used in primary surgeries (cheiloplasty and palatoplasty) make it difficult to compare epidemiological data and complications between services, and there is a lack of studies evaluating newly created specialized centers for cleft lip and palate. Method: A prospective cohort study was carried out with patients diagnosed with cleft lip and palate who underwent primary surgical procedures at the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, between July 2017 and February 2023. Patients under 18 years of age with follow-up were included. post-operative period of at least 3 months. Results: 79 patients participated in the study, who underwent 115 primary surgeries (54 cheiloplasties and 61 palatoplasties). 11 complications were reported in this period: 2 dehiscences in cheiloplasty (3.70%), 1 hypertrophic scar in cheiloplasty (1.85%), 6 fistulas in palatoplasty (9.83%) and 2 dehiscences in palatoplasty (3.28%). The incidence of complications was 9.56% when analyzing the total number of surgeries, being 5.55% in patients undergoing cheiloplasty and 13.11% in patients undergoing palatoplasty. Conclusion: The incidence of complications during the initial years of structuring the service was similar to other studies in the literature.

Eventos adversos em crianças submetidas a cirurgias orofaciais / Adverse events in children submitted to orofacial surgery / Eventos adversos en niños sometidos a cirugía orofacial

Objetivo: Identificar os eventos adversos no pós-operatório imediato de queiloplastia e/ou palatoplastia em crianças e comparar os eventos identificados aos notificados ao Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo, realizado em um hospital público e terciário brasileiro. Os dados foram coletados por meio da descrição nos registros de enfermagem e comparados aos notificados ao Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente, referente a junho e dezembro de 2019. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: A amostra constou de 203 crianças, das quais 51% (n=103) apresentaram evento adverso. Foram identificados 176 eventos adversos, de 8 tipos, com prevalência da laringite pós-extubação (n=50; 28%), edema de língua (n=34; 19%) e lesão de comissura labial (n=25; 14%). Destes, apenas 5% (n=9) foram notificados ao Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente. Conclusão: Os eventos adversos prevalentes se relacionaram a cavidade oral e tecidos adjacentes, e a subnotificação foi expressiva. (AU)

Objective: To identify adverse events in the immediate postoperative period of cheiloplasty and/or palatoplasty in children and compare the identified events to those notified to the Patient Safety Center. Methods: Descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study, carried out in a Brazilian public and tertiary hospital. Data were collected through descriptions in nursing records and compared to those notified to the Patient Safety Center, referring to June and December 2019. The results were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 203 children, of which 51% (n=103) had an adverse event. A total of 176 adverse events of 8 types were identified, with prevalence of post-extubation laryngitis (n=50; 28%), tongue edema (n=34; 19%) and labral commissure lesion (n=25; 14%). Of these, only 5% (n=9) were notified to the Patient Safety Center. Conclusion: The prevalent adverse events were related to the oral cavity and adjacent tissues, and underreporting was significant. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar eventos adversos en el postoperatorio inmediato de queiloplastia y/o palatoplastia en niños y comparar los eventos identificados con los notificados al Centro de Seguridad del Paciente. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital público y terciario brasileño. Los datos se recolectaron mediante descripciones en registros de enfermería y se compararon con los notificados al Centro de Seguridad del Paciente, referidos a junio y diciembre de 2019. Los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 203 niños, de los cuales el 51% (n = 103) tuvo un evento adverso. Se identificaron un total de 176 eventos adversos de 8 tipos, con prevalencia de laringitis posextubación (n=50; 28%), edema de lengua (n=34; 19%) y lesión de la comisura del labrum (n=25; 14%). De estos, solo el 5% (n=9) fueron notificados al Centro de Seguridad del Paciente. Conclusion: Los eventos adversos prevalentes se relacionaron con la cavidad bucal y los tejidos adyacentes y el subregistro fue significativo. (AU)

Manejo de Alteraciones Neurosensoriales Asociadas a Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mandibulares, Scoping Review

Las alteraciones neurosensoriales son complicaciones que se pueden presentar posterior a la realización de ciertos procedimientos quirúrgicos orales. Múltiples reportes indican específicamente el territorio inervado por el nervio alveolar inferior y nervio lingual como las regiones mayormente afectadas. Dar a conocer las diferentes alternativas terapéuticas para estas complicaciones, sería de suma relevancia para el clínico, con el propósito de mejorar el pronóstico en cuanto a la recuperación neurosensorial de estos nervios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el manejo terapéutico de las alteraciones neurosensoriales asociadas al daño del nervio alveolar inferior y nervio lingual, en procedimientos quirúrgicos mandibulares. La búsqueda de la literatura científica fue realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se utilizaron los términos de búsqueda "Trigeminal nerve injuries", "lingual nerve", "mandibular nerve", "oral surgical procedures", "treatment" en conjunto al conector booleano "AND" y "OR". Fueron considerados artículos publicados entre los años 2012 y 2022. En la selección de los artículos primarios se eliminaron los duplicados y se aplicaron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Finalmente se realizó el análisis a texto completo con un total de 14 artículos seleccionados. Un total de 14 artículos fueron revisados. Del total de artículos, 6 corresponden a terapia láser de bajo nivel, 2 a medicación y bloqueo del ganglio estrellado, 1 a bloqueo de ganglio estrellado e irradiación con luz xenón y 5 artículos corresponden a tratamiento mediante reparación microquirúrgica. La terapia láser de bajo nivel, el bloqueo del ganglio estrellado, la administración de vitamina B12/ATP y la reparación microquirúrgica son tratamientos efectivos para las alteraciones neurosensoriales ocasionadas por lesiones del nervio alveolar inferior y nervio lingual.

SUMMARY: Neurosensory abnormalities are complications can occur after performing certain oral surgical procedures. Multiple reports specifically indicate the area innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve and the lingual nerve as the most affected regions. Presenting the different therapeutic alternatives for these complications would be extremely relevant for the clinician, in order to improve the prognosis in terms of neurosensory recovery of these nerves. The objective of this study was to describe the therapeutic management of neurosensory abnormalities associated with damage to the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve, in mandibular surgical procedures. The search for scientific literature was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search terms "Trigeminal nerve injuries", "lingual nerve", "mandibular nerve", "oral surgical procedures", "treatment" together with the boolean connector "AND" and "OR" were used. Articles published between the years 2012 and 2022 were considered. In the selection of primary articles, duplicates were eliminated and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Finally, the full text analysis was carried out with a total of 14 selected articles. A total of 14 articles were reviewed. About the articles, 6 correspond to low-level laser therapy, 2 to medication and stellate ganglion block, 1 to stellate ganglion block and xenon light irradiation, and 5 articles correspond to treatment by microsurgical repair. Low-level laser therapy, stellate ganglion block, vitamin B12/ATP administration, and microsurgical repair are effective treatments for neurosensory abnormalities caused by inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve injuries.

Duplicación del colédoco asociado a unión biliopancreática anómala: Reporte de caso / Common bile duct duplication associated with anomalous biliopancreatic junction: A case report

Introducción. La duplicación del colédoco es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente. En la mayoría de los casos este defecto se asocia a cálculos en la vía biliar, unión pancreatobiliar anómala, pancreatitis, cáncer gástrico o colangiocarcinoma. Por esta razón, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano son importantes para evitar las complicaciones descritas a futuro. Métodos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años, con antecedente de pancreatitis aguda, con cuadro de dolor abdominal crónico, a quien se le realizaron varios estudios imagenológicos sin claro diagnóstico. Fue llevada a manejo quirúrgico en donde se documentó duplicación del colédoco tipo II con unión pancreatobiliar anómala. Resultados. Se hizo reconstrucción de las vías biliares y hepatico-yeyunostomía, con adecuada evolución postoperatoria y reporte final de patología sin evidencia de tumor. Conclusión. El diagnóstico se hace mediante ecografía endoscópica biliopancreática, colangiorresonancia o colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. El tratamiento depende de si está asociado o no a la presencia de unión biliopancreática anómala o cáncer. Si el paciente no presenta patología neoplásica, el tratamiento quirúrgico recomendado es la resección del conducto con reconstrucción de las vías biliares.

Introduction. Double common bile duct is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. This anomaly may be associated with bile duct stones, anomalous biliopancreatic junction, pancreatitis, bile duct cancer, or gastric cancers. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment is important to avoid complications. Clinical case. We report a rare case of double common bile duct associated with an anomalous biliopancreatic junction in a 30-year-old female, with prior history of acute pancreatitis, who presented with chronic abdominal pain. She underwent several imaging studies, without clear diagnosis. She was taken to surgical management where duplication of the type II common bile duct was documented with anomalous pancreatobiliary junction. Results. Reconstruction of the bile ducts and hepatico-jejunostomy were performed, with adequate postoperative evolution and final pathology report without evidence of tumor. Conclusion. Diagnosis is usually performed by an endoscopic ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancrea-tography, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Treatment depends on the presence of anomalus biliopancreatic junction or concomitant cancer. In cases without associated malignancy, resection of bile duct and biliary reconstruction is the recommended surgical treatment.

Prevalência de anomalias dentárias e outros achados orais em radiografias panorâmicas de brasileiros com fissura labiopalatal: um estudo retrospectivo / Prevalence of dental anomalies and other oral findings on panoramic radiographs of Brazilian with cleft lip and palate: a retrospective study

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias (AD) e outros achados orais em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com fissuras labiopalatais (FLP) nascidos no Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por 69 pacientes com fissuras labiopalatais unilateral (FLPu) (n = 51) e bilateral (FLPb) (n = 18), não sindrômicos, de ambos os sexos, idade de 6 a 17 anos, nascidos no Nordeste brasileiro. Foram analisados prontuários e radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes atendidos de janeiro/2020 a julho/2022. Os dados categóricos foram expressos em forma de frequência absoluta e percentual e comparados por teste exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson (SPSS, p < 0,05). Resultados: entre os achados orais, destacaram-se as anomalias de número e as ausências dentárias por trauma, cárie ou doença periodontal. As AD foram identificadas em 34 pacientes (49,3%). As anomalias de número apresentaram maior prevalência, com diferença estatística significativa para pacientes FLPb do sexo masculino (p = 0,047). A agenesia foi a AD mais frequente (n = 24; 34,8%). As ausências dentárias por trauma, cárie ou doença periodontal foram observadas em 44 pacientes (n = 63,8%), com uma diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos FLPu e FLPb (p = 0,018). Conclusões: as AD e as ausências dentárias por trauma, cárie ou doença periodontal apresentaram uma alta prevalência entre pacientes brasileiros com FLP e devem ser consideradas durante o planejamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico desses indivíduos.

Aim: this study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental anomalies (DA) and other oral findings in panoramic radiographs of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) born in the Northeast region of Brazil. Methods: the sample consisted of 69 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) (n = 51) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) (n = 18), non-syndromic, of both genders, aged 6 to 17 years, born in the Brazilian Northeast. Patient records and panoramic radiographs from those treated between January 2020 and July 2022 were analyzed. Categorical data were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage and compared using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test (SPSS, p < 0.05). Results: among oral findings, anomalies in number and tooth absences due to trauma, caries, or periodontal disease stood out. DAs were identified in 34 patients (49.3%). Anomalies in number showed higher prevalence, with a statistically significant difference for male BCLP patients (p = 0.047). Agenesis was the most frequent DA (n = 24; 34.8%). Tooth absences due to trauma, caries, or periodontal disease were observed in 44 patients (63.8%), with a statistically significant difference between the UCLP and BCLP groups (p = 0.018). Conclusions: DAs and tooth absences due to trauma, caries, or periodontal disease showed a high prevalence among Brazilian patients with CLP and should be considered during the orthodontic-surgical planning for these individuals.

Malformación linfática quística gigante del hígado: dos casos pediátricos con diferente abordaje quirúrgico / Giant cystic lymphatic malformation of the liver: two pediatric cases with different surgical approach

Introducción. Las malformaciones linfáticas quísticas, también llamadas linfangiomas quísticos, aparecen muy raramente de forma aislada en el hígado. Casos clínicos. Se presentan dos pacientes femeninas de edad preescolar con marcada hepatomegalia, dependiente de lesiones quísticas multitabicadas, secundarias a malformación linfática quística gigante del hígado, que fueron tratadas en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler, La Habana, Cuba. Resultados. En ambos casos el diagnóstico se apoyó en los estudios de imágenes, la laparoscopia y el análisis histopatológico. En un caso el tratamiento fue la hepatectomía derecha, mientras que en el otro se empleó la escleroterapia, ambas con evolución favorable. Conclusión. A pesar de su rareza, este diagnóstico no debe obviarse ante un paciente pediátrico con lesiones hepáticas quísticas. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica, pero su indicación y envergadura debe valorarse de forma individualizada

Introduction. Cystic lymphatic malformations, also called cystic lymphangiomas, are very rarely found in the liver. Clinical cases. Two pediatric female preschool-age patients. presented with hepatomegaly due to multi-septated cystic lesions of the liver, who received treatment at Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler, La Habana, Cuba. Results. We report two pediatric cases with giant cystic lymphatic malformation of the liver. In both cases, the diagnosis were based on imaging, laparoscopy and pathology. In one case the treatment was right hepatectomy, whereas in the other, sclerotherapy was performed, both with a favorable outcome. Conclusion. Despite its rarity, this diagnosis should be considered in pediatric patients with hepatic cystic lesions. The recommended treatment is surgical resection, but its indication and extent should be assessed individually for each patient.

Cephalometric Evaluation in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea undergoing Lateral Pharyngoplasty

Abstract Introduction Lateral pharyngoplasty (LP) has shown promising results. Craniofacial deformity reduces the pharyngeal space, contributing to the etiopathogenesis. The analysis of craniofacial features can be performed using cephalometry. Objective To verify if craniofacial deformity is associated with worse polysomnographic data in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to verify if the preoperative cephalometric parameters can interfere with the surgical success of the LP. Methods The study included 21 patients with OSA aged between 18 and 65 years who underwent LP in a university hospital from 2015 to 2019. Polysomnography was performed postoperatively, after a minimum period of 6 months from the surgical procedure. In addition, a cephalometric evaluation was performed to assess craniofacial deformity, and to correlate it with the polysomnographic results. Results The mean and median of all polysomnographic respiratory parameters improved postoperatively, especially the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which went from 40.15 to 16.60 events per hour (p = 0.001). Of the 21 patients, 15 showed improvements in the AHI postoperatively. As for the cephalometric evaluations, we found that the longer the distance between the hyoid bone and the mandibular plane, the greater the patient's preoperative AHI (p = 0.011). When assessing whether cephalometric changes related to craniofacial deformities influence the surgical outcome of LP, no correlation was found for any cephalometric measurement. Conclusion The longer the distance between the hyoid bone and the mandibular plane, the greater the preoperative AHI, and LP was an effective OSA treatment. Cephalometric variables are not able to modify or determine the success of LP in apneic patients in the population assessed.

Pediatric hypertension as an early manifestation of cardiovascular disease in children / Hipertensão arterial pediátrica como manifestação precoce de doença cardiovascular na criança

In adults, cardiovascular events associated with arterial hypertension (AH) have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. In light of recent findings, AH in children has been interpreted as early cardiovascular disease (CVD), while exposure to CV risk factors in children proves to be a predictor of subclinical CVD in adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association has recently updated the classifications for measuring blood pressure (BP) in adults and children. Primary AH in children is generally asymptomatic, and it is associated with a family history of AH, overweight/obesity, and normal morphofunctional characteristics of the urinary system. The younger the child and the higher the BP, the greater the likelihood of secondary AH. The investigation into the etiology of AH begins with a detailed anamnesis, which should include clinical information and details on the use of medication, smoking, and alcohol consumption from the perinatal period to the time of consultation. Modifying risk factors by reducing weight, decreasing alcohol consumption and increasing vegetable intake from childhood to adulthood has been associated with the resolution of AH in the childhood-adulthood transition, and with the reversal of cardiometabolic adverse effects in non-obese adult individuals. Pharmacological therapy should be initiated in cases of symptomatic AH, AH secondary to chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus, presence of target organ lesions, stage 2 AH with no modifiable cause and resistant AH unresponsive to lifestyle changes.

RESUMO Em adultos, eventos cardiovasculares associados à hipertensão arterial (HA) apresentam grande repercussão na morbimortalidade. À luz dos novos conhecimentos, a HA na criança tem sido interpretada como doença cardiovascular (DCV) precoce, enquanto a exposição da criança aos fatores de risco CV revela-se preditora de DCV subclínica em adultos. As classificações da medida de pressão arterial (PA) no adulto e na faixa pediátrica foram recentemente atualizadas pelo American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. A HA primária na criança é em geral assintomática, e se associa com história familiar de HA, sobrepeso/obesidade e normalidade morfofuncional do sistema urinário. Quanto mais jovem a criança e mais elevada a PA, maior a chance de se tratar de HA secundário. A investigação da etiologia da HA inicia-se com anamnese detalhada, que deve incluir informações clínicas e de utilização de medicamentos, fumo e álcool, desde o período perinatal até o momento da consulta. A modificação de fatores de risco, com redução do peso, redução do consumo de álcool e aumento do consumo de vegetais, entre a infância e a idade adulta, mostrou associação com a resolução da HA na transição infância-idade adulta e com a reversão dos efeitos adversos cardiometabólicos nos indivíduos adultos não obesos. A terapêutica farmacológica deve ser iniciada para casos de HA sintomática, HA secundária a doença renal crônica ou a diabetes mellitus, presença de lesões de órgão alvo, HA estágio 2 sem causa modificável e HA persistente não responsiva à mudança de estilo de vida.

Epidemiologic profile and prevalence of live births with orofacial cleft in Brazil: a descriptive study / Perfil epidemiológico e prevalência de nascidos vivos com fissura orofacial no Brasil: um estudo descritivo

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile and prevalence of live births with orofacial clefts in Brazil between 1999 and 2020. Methods: Descriptive study. The population corresponded to live births with isolated orofacial clefts in Brazil registered in the Live Birth Information System between 1999 and 2020. Descriptive variables were selected according to their availability and grouped into socioeconomic and demographic, maternal and child health care, and biological variables. Data were submitted to a descriptive analysis using the Software for Statistics and Data Science (STATA). Results: During the period, 33,699 children were born with orofacial clefts, and 82.1% (27,677) of them were isolated clefts. Regarding these cases, the majority were cleft lip and palate (9,619 or 34.7%), followed by cleft palate (9,442 or 34.1%), and by cleft lip (8,616 or 31.3%). Conclusions: Live births with orofacial clefts in Brazil were male, white, with birthweight ≥2,500 g and gestational age ≥37 weeks, born by cesarean section, and with Apgar scores ≥7. The cases were more frequent among mothers who were in their first and single pregnancy and had seven or more prenatal appointments. The mothers were 20 and 29 years old, had eight to ten years of study, and were single. The national prevalence of clefts was 4.24/10,000. The South and Southeast regions of Brazil had the highest prevalence, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in the Northeast and North regions. For the Federative Units, the highest and lowest prevalences were found, respectively, in Paraná and Acre.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e a prevalência dos nascidos vivos com fissuras orofaciais no Brasil entre 1999 e 2020. Métodos: Estudo descritivo. A população correspondeu aos nascidos vivos com fissuras orofaciais isoladas no Brasil registrados no Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos entre 1999 e 2020. As variáveis descritivas foram selecionadas de acordo com a sua disponibilidade e agrupadas em variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, de atenção à saúde materno-infantil e biológicas. Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva utilizando o Software for Statistics and Data Science (STATA). Resultados: No período, 33.699 indivíduos nasceram com fissura orofacial no Brasil, e 82,1% (27.677) deles foram fissuras isoladas. Com relação a esses casos, a maioria foi de fissuras de lábio e palato (9.619 ou 34,7%), seguidas por fissura de palato (9.442 ou 34,1%) e por fissura de lábio (8.616 ou 31,1%). Conclusões: O perfil epidemiológico dos nascidos vivos com fissuras orofaciais no Brasil foi de nascidos do sexo masculino, da raça/cor branca, por parto cesáreo, com peso ao nascer ≥2,500 g, idade gestacional ≥37 semanas e com índices de Apgar ≥7. Os casos foram mais frequentes entre mães que estavam na primeira gestação, única e que haviam realizado sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal. As mães, com maior frequência, tinham entre 20 e 29 anos, apresentavam oito ou mais anos de estudo, eram solteiras e residiam em cidades do interior. A prevalência nacional de fissuras foi de 4,24/10.000. As Regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentaram as maiores prevalências, enquanto as menores foram registradas nas Regiões Nordeste e Norte. Para as Unidades Federativas, as maiores e menores prevalências foram encontradas, respectivamente, no Paraná e no Acre.

Treatment of orbital lymphatic malformation with oral sirolimus: a case report / Malformação linfática orbital tratada com sirolimo oral: relato de caso

ABSTRACT It is estimated that lymphatic malformations in children account for 6% of all benign vascular malformations. New medical therapies have been developed for the management of lymphatic orbital disease. The purpose of this article was to describe a clinical case of orbital venolymphatic malformation in a 10-year-old boy, causing proptosis and palpebral edema. The lesion was initially treated with local sclerotherapy. However, the lesion relapsed, and was successfully treated with oral sirolimus. Prospective studies are warranted to determine the appropriate dose and extend the indications of sirolimus in these patients.

RESUMO A incidência de malformações linfáticas em crianças é estimada em 6% de todas as malformações vasculares benignas. Têm sido desenvolvidos novos tratamento para doenças linfáticas orbitárias. Nosso objetivo é descrever um caso clínico de malformação venolinfática orbitária em um menino de 10 anos de idade, causando proptose e edema palpebral. A lesão foi tratada inicialmente com escleroterapia local. No entanto, a lesão teve recidiva e foi tratada com sucesso com sirolimo oral. Ainda são necessários estudos prospectivos para estabelecer a dose apropriada e a duração do tratamento com sirolimo nesses pacientes.

Findings of ocular examinations in healthy full-term newborns / Achados de exame ocular realizado em recém-nascidos a termo saudáveis

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the anterior and posterior segments of full-term neonates over a 1.5-year period. Methods: The findings of full-term neonates who underwent ophthalmological examinations between June 2019 and December 2020 were analyzed, and the results were retrospectively recorded. Results: The study comprised 2972 neonates with a mean birth week of 38.7 ± 1.2 weeks and a mean birth weight of 3235 ± 464 g. The neonates were examined on an average of 49.3 ± 18.9 postnatal days. Of the examined neonates, 185 (6.2%) showed abnormal ophthalmological findings, the most prevalent of which were retinal hemorrhage in 2.3% (n=68) and white changes in the peripheral retina in 1.9% (n=55) of the neonates. Cases of optic disc pathologies (n=20), choroidal nevus (n=10), iris-choroidal coloboma (n=5), subconjunctival hemorrhage (n=6), non-specific retinal pigmentary change (n=4), congenital cataract (n=3), posterior synechia (n=3), iris nevus (n=3), corneal opacity (n=1), choroidal coloboma (n=1), iris coloboma (n=1), buphthalmos (n=1), anophthalmos (n=1), microphthalmia (n=1), lid hemangioma (n=1), and vitreous hemorrhage (n=1) collectively accounted for approximately 2% of all neonates. Pathologies that could potentially impair vision, which were detected by ophthalmological examination, accounted for 1.2% of all neonates (n=37). Conclusion: The most prevalent finding of the ophthalmological examinations of neonates in the present study was retinal hemorrhage. Ophthalmological examinations of neonates can help in identifying diseases that may affect their vision and are curable or may lead to amblyopia in the long term.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os segmentos anterior e posterior em recém-nascidos a termo durante um período de 1,5 anos. Métodos: Foram analisados recém-nascidos a termo que tiveram os olhos examinados entre junho de 2019 e dezembro de 2020, e os resultados foram registrados retrospectivamente. Resultados: O estudo foi composto por 2.972 recém-nascidos com média de uma semana de nascimento de 38,7 ± 1,2 semanas e um peso médio ao nascer de 3235 ± 464 g. Os recém-nascidos foram examinados em média pós-natal de 49,3 ± 18,9 dias. Dos recém-nascidos, 185 (6,2%) apresentaram resultados oculares anormais. Os achados oculares anormais mais prevalentes foram hemorragia da retina em 2,3% (n=68) e alterações brancas na retina periférica em 1,9% (n=55) dos recém-nascidos. Casos de patologias de disco óptico (n=20), nevo de coroide (n=10), coloboma iris-coroide (n=5), hemorragia subconjuntival (n=6), alteração pigmentar da retina não específica (n=4), catarata congênita (n=3), Sinequia posterior (n=3), nevo da íris (n=3), opacidade da córnea (n=1), coloboma de coroide (n=1), coloboma de íris (n=1), buftalmos (n=1), anoftalmia (n=1), microftalmia (n=1), hemangioma de pálpebra (n=1) e hemorragia vítrea (n=1) contabilizaram coletivamente cerca de 2% dos recém-nascidos. As patologias que potencialmente prejudicam a visão, detectadas por exame ocular, representaram 1,2% dos recém-nascidos (n=37). Conclusão: O achado mais prevalente de exames oculares de recém-nascidos neste estudo foi hemorragia da retina. Exames oftalmológicos em recém-nascidos podem ser úteis na identificação de doenças que podem impactar a visão deles, podendo ser curáveis ou levar à ambliopia no longo prazo.

Short-term qualitative and quantitative analyses of preseptal injection of hyaluronic acid on the treatment of acquired lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion / Análise preliminar qualitativa e quantitativa da injeção pré-septal de ácido hialurônico para tratamento do ectrópio cicatricial adquirido da pálpebra inferior

ABSTRACT Purpose: Recently, hyaluronic acid (HA) was proposed as a promising option for the treatment of acquired lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion. However, this effect was not confirmed by quantitative assessments. This study aimed to assess the effect of hyaluronic acid on the treatment of acquired lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion. Methods: Eight patients with acquired lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion (13 eyelids) were treated with a single 1 mL injection of hyaluronic acid in the preseptal area of the lower eyelid. Evaluation of symptoms and biomicroscopic exam was performed before and 30 days after hyaluronic acid injection. Quantitative analysis of the lower eyelid position (with and without lid traction) was determined before and 30 days after hyaluronic acid injection through standard photographs analyzed using the ImageJ. Results: All patients experienced partial improvement of symptoms. The lower eyelid position was significantly lifted after hyaluronic acid injection with a significant reduction of medial and lateral angles, reduction of the margin reflex distance, and total and medial ocular fissure area. However, signs of lid margin inflammation and corneal punctate keratitis persisted. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid injected in the pre-septal area of the lower eyelid improved acquired lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion symptoms and significantly lifted the position of the lower eyelid. Further studies, with a large number of participants and a long-term follow-up period, are needed to better determine the permanency of the effects of hyaluronic acid injections on the treatment of acquired lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Recentemente, o ácido hialurônico foi proposto como promissor no tratamento do ectrópio cicatricial adquirido da pálpebra inferior. No entanto, não foram feitas avaliações quantitativas para confirmar este efeito, motivo que levou a realização do presente estudo que visou avaliar o efeito do ácido hialurônico no tratamento do ectrópio cicatricial adquirido da pálpebra inferior. Métodos: Oito portadores de ectrópio cicatricial adquirido da pálpebra inferior (13 pálpebras) foram tratados com uma única dose de 1 mL de ácido hialurônico, injetada na área pré-septal da pálpebra inferior. Os sintomas e o exame biomicroscópico foram realizados antes e 30 dias após a injeção do ácido hialurônico. A análise quantitativa da posição palpebral inferior (com e sem tração palpebral) foi determinada antes e 30 dias após a injeção do ácido hialurônico por meio de fotografias que foram analisadas usando o programa ImageJ. Resultados: Todos os pacientes apresentaram melhora parcial dos sintomas. A posição da pálpebra inferior foi elevada significativamente após a injeção do ácido hialurônico, com redução significativa dos ângulos medial e lateral, da distância entre o reflexo pupilar e a margem da pálpebra inferior, da área de fissura palpebral total e da área medial. No entanto, sinais de inflamação da margem palpebral e ceratite puntata da córnea persistiram. Conclusões: O ácido hialurônico injetado na área pré-septal da pálpebra inferior, melhorou os sintomas do ectrópio cicatricial adquirido da pálpebra inferior e elevou significativamente a posição da pálpebra inferior. Estudos com maior número de participantes e período de acompanhamento mais longo são necessários para melhor determinar os efeitos das injeções de ácido hialurônico a longo prazo no tratamento do ectrópio cicatricial adquirido da pálpebra inferior.

Dacriocistocele bilateral congénito: reporte de un caso / Congenital bilateral dacryocystocele: case report

Introducción: el dacriocistocele es una malformación congénita rara, secundaria a la obstrucción del conducto nasolagrimal; tiene una incidencia de 0,1 % de pacientes con obstrucción congénita del conducto nasolagrimal y se encuentra bilateralmente hasta en 25 % de casos. Caso clínico: lactante femenina de dos meses con celulitis periorbitaria derecha preseptal no asociada con lesión de entrada y diagnóstico inicial de dacriocistitis derecha. Al examen físico de ingreso, en el ojo derecho se evidencia gran masa abscedada en saco lagrimal; en el ojo izquierdo, un área indurada y leve reflujo a la presión del saco lagrimal. Se realiza tomografía computarizada de órbitas con hallazgos compatibles con dacriocistocele bilateral. Discusión y conclusiones: conocer la presentación y posibles complicaciones asociadas con esta patología previene una morbilidad importante al paciente. La mayoría de los casos de dacriocistocele se pueden manejar médicamente, sin embargo, aquellos asociados con complicaciones requieren de manejo quirúrgico oportuno.

Introduction: Dacryocystocele is a rare congenital malformation secondary to na-solacrimal duct obstruction. It has an incidence of 0.1% of patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, being found bilaterally in up to 25% of cases. Case Report: Two-month-old female infant with preseptal right periorbital cellulitis not associated with an entrance lesion, with an initial diagnosis of right dacryocystitis. On physical examination, a large abscessed mass in the lacrimal sac was eviden-ced in the right eye; in the left eye, there was an indurated area and slight reflux to the lacrimal sac pressure. Computed tomography of the orbits was performed with findings compatible with bilateral dacryocystocele. Discussion and conclusions: Knowing the presentation and possible complications associated with this pathology prevents significant patient morbidity. Most cases of dacryocystocele can be mana-ged medically, however, cases associated with complications require timely surgical management.

Variante incomum da síndrome de Herlyn- -Werner-Wunderlich: relato de caso / Unsual Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome: case report

Malformações müllerianas correspondem a variações anatômicas do trato repro- dutor feminino. Comumente assintomáticas, o diagnóstico e a verdadeira incidên- cia são difíceis de determinar. A síndrome de Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich, clas- sicamente descrita pela tríade útero didelfo, hemivagina cega e agenesia renal ipsilateral também pode ter variações diferentes. Em virtude da mesma origem embrionária dos tratos genital e urinário, anomalias renais devem ser investigadas nesses casos, sendo a mais comum a agenesia renal. Este artigo relata o caso de uma paciente de 18 anos, do sexo feminino, com história de piocolpo por cinco anos. Em propedêutica complementar, foi identificado útero com septação com- pleta associado a hemissepto de terço superior de vagina, formação de piocolpo e agenesia renal à direita. Apesar de não ser a definição clássica, o quadro está incluído nos casos de síndrome de Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich.

Mullerian malformations correspond to anatomical variations of the female repro- ductive tract. Commonly asymptomatic, the diagnosis and true incidence are difficult to determine. The Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome, classically described by the triad: uterus didelphus, blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis, can also have different variations. Due to the same embryonic origin of the genital and urinary tracts, renal anomalies must be investigated in these cases, the most common being renal agenesis. This article reports the case of an 18-year-old female patient with a 5-year history of pyocolpus. In complementary exams, a uterus with complete septa- tion was identified, associated with a hemiseptum in the upper third of the vagina, formation of pyocolpus and renal agenesis on the right side. Despite not being the classic definition, it is included in the cases of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome.

Exodoncia de diente supernumerario geminado en maxilar superior

Introducción: Los dientes supernumerarios constituyen una anomalía de número en la cual se excede la cantidad normal de piezas dentales. La geminación es una anomalía de forma que se caracteriza por la presencia de una corona bífida y una raíz común. Los dientes supernumerarios geminados son de rara aparición; indicar exámenes imagenológicos son importantes para determinar sus características y su relación con las estructuras vecinas. Objetivo: Presentar el caso clínico de un paciente con un diente supernumerario geminado. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo masculino de 23 años de edad, acude a la consulta odontológica por presentar una elevación del lado izquierdo en el paladar, sin molestias. En el examen clínico se observa un aumento de volumen de mucosa palatina de piezas dentales 24 y 25. Los exámenes de imagen fueron realizados y se diagnosticó un diente supernumerario geminado retenido, se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico y el paciente evolucionó favorablemente. Conclusión: Los dientes supernumerarios geminados son poco frecuentes, una oportuna y correcta evaluación imagenológica, le permitirá al clínico realizar un adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Introduction: Supernumerary teeth constitute an anomaly of number where the normal number of teeth is exceeded and gemination is an anomaly of shape characterized by the presence of a bifid crown, a common root. Geminate supernumerary teeth are of rare occurrence; indicating imaging examinations are important to determine their characteristics and their relationship with neighboring structures. Objective: To present the clinical case of a patient with a geminate supernumerary tooth. Clinical case: A 23-year-old male patient came to the dental office due to an elevation on the left side of the palate, without discomfort. In the clinical examination, an increase in the volume of the palatal mucosa of teeth 24 and 25 was observed. The imaging examinations were performed and a retained geminated supernumerary tooth was diagnosed, surgical treatment was performed and the patient progressed favorably. Conclusion: Geminate supernumerary teeth are rare; a timely and correct imaging evaluation will allow the clinician to make an adequate diagnosis and treatment.

Epidemiología del diagnóstico prenatal de defectos congénitos en la provincia de Holguín / Epidemiology of prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects in Holguín province

Introducción: En Cuba, los defectos congénitos constituyen la segunda causa de muerte en niños menores de un año, por lo cual ocupan un lugar prioritario en los programas médicos sociales del país. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento epidemiológico del diagnóstico prenatal de los defectos congénitos en Holguín, Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de la epidemiología de los defectos congénitos en la provincia de Holguín, Cuba, en el periodo de enero 2011- junio de 2020. Resultados: Los años con mayor número de defectos congénitos diagnosticados fueron: 2011, 2012, 2017 y 2018 con 308, 253, 290 y 236 pacientes, respectivamente. Los defectos congénitos más frecuentes fueron: cardiovasculares (comunicación interventricular, canal auriculoventricular, transposición de grandes vasos e hipoplasia de cavidades), renales (pielocaliectasia, hidronefrosis, riñones poliquísticos), y del sistema nervioso central (ventriculomegalia, hidrocefalia). El grupo de edad materna donde se realizó mayor número de diagnósticos fue entre 20-24 años, la mayoría en el segundo trimestre de la gestación; en el primer trimestre, el mayor número de defectos congénitos correspondió a los defectos de pared anterior. La tasa de mortalidad infantil por defectos congénitos se mantuvo estable en la mayoría de los años estudiados. Conclusiones: La estabilidad y perfeccionamiento del programa de diagnóstico prenatal de los defectos congénitos, y el asesoramiento genético adecuado, han tenido un resultado epidemiológico favorable en la provincia.

Introduction: congenital defects in Cuba are the second cause of death in children under one year of age that is why they occupy a priority place in the social medical programs of the country. Objective: to evaluate the epidemiological manifestation of the prenatal diagnosis of congenital defects in Holguín, Cuba. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study of the epidemiology of birth defects was carried out in Holguín province, Cuba from January 2011 to June 2020. Results: the years with the highest number of diagnosed birth defects were 2011, 2012, 2017 and 2018 with 308, 253, 290 and 236 patients, respectively. The most frequent birth defects were cardiovascular (ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular canal, transposition of the great vessels and hypoplasia of cavities), renal (pyelokaliectasia, hydronephrosis and polycystic kidneys), and central nervous system (ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus). The maternal age group in which the highest number of diagnoses was made was between 20-24 years, mostly in the second trimester of pregnancy; the largest number of congenital defects in the first trimester corresponded to anterior wall defects. The infant mortality rate due to congenital defects remained stable in most of the years studied. Conclusions: the stability and improvement of the prenatal diagnosis program for congenital defects, as well as an adequate genetic counseling, have had a favourable epidemiological result in the province.

Malformación completa del sistema nervioso central y otras malformaciones asociadas. A propósito de un caso / Complete malformation of the central nervous system and other associated malformations. A case report

La anencefalia es una anomalía gestacional que produce la ausencia de gran parte del cerebro y del cráneo; aunque se desconoce el motivo principal de su aparición, puede estar relacionado con toxinas ambientales, y pobre ingesta de ácido fólico durante el embarazo. Los fetos que padecen de esta malformación, en su mayoría, no llegan a nacer vivos o mueren a las pocas horas. Se presentó una paciente recibida en emergencia en el Centro de Atención Integral Materno Infantil, municipio Ixchiguan, departamento de San Marcos, Guatemala con embarazo a término, según refirió la paciente, sin atención prenatal, dolor en hipogastrio y pérdida de líquido amniótico de un día de evolución. Siendo este un defecto genético multifactorial, para el cual no existe tratamiento, el único recurso para su prevención fue brindar una atención prenatal pormenorizada con énfasis especial en el programa de genética para la detección precoz de anomalías congénitas.

Anencephaly is a gestational anomaly that produces the absence of a large part of the brain and skull; although the main reason for its appearance is unknown, it may be related to environmental toxins and poor intake of folic acid during pregnancy. Most of the fetuses that suffer from this malformation are not born alive or die within a few hours. We present a female patient who was received in the emergency service of the Comprehensive Maternal and Child Care Center in Ixchiguan municipality, San Marcos department, Guatemala, with a full-term pregnancy, as reported by the patient, without prenatal care, hypogastric pain and loss of amniotic fluid of one day of evolution. Since there is no treatment for this multifactorial genetic defect, the only resource for its prevention was to provide detailed prenatal care with special emphasis on the genetics program for the early detection of congenital anomalies.