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Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias de los polimorfismos de los genes ECA y ACTN3 en el rendimiento de una prueba de agilidad en jugadores élite de deportes colectivos pertenecientes a selecciones nacionales de Costa Rica. Metodología: Se contó con una muestra de 33 jugadores hombres, de deportes colectivos (fútbol sala, rugby, voleibol y balonmano). Para la evaluación de la agilidad se utilizó el test de Illinois. Se realizaron dos visitas, en la primera se obtuvo muestras de células por medio de un enjuague y en la segunda se aplicó la prueba de agilidad. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (X2) para conocer las diferencias entre las frecuencias de los polimorfismos de los genes ECA y ACTN3 y el tipo de deporte. Resultados: La mayor distribución de los polimorfismos del gen ECA, de jugadores de selecciones nacionales de deportes de conjunto, se encuentra en el ID (X2= 6.87, p= .334) y en ACTN3 el RX (X2= 6.33, p= .388). Además, tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el tiempo efectuado en el test de Illinois y los polimorfismos del gen ECA (F= 2.150, p= .134), de igual forma para los polimorfismos del gen ACTN3 (F= .950, p= .339). Conclusiones: Los polimorfismos de los genes ECA y ACTN3 no se relacionaron estadísticamente con el tipo de deporte colectivo. La agilidad no se ve asociada por un tipo de polimorfismo, lo que indica que, de forma independiente al gen, esta cualidad física se puede entrenar y generar buenos resultados en la población en general.
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the differences in the polymorphisms of the ACE and ACTN3 genes on agility test performance in elite players of collective sports from National teams of Costa Rica. Methods: a sample of 33 male team sports players (futsal, rugby, volleyball, and handball). All subjects were tested with the Illinois Agility Test. Two days of measurements were made; on the first day, cell samples were obtained and on the second day, the agility test was applied. The Chi-square test (x2) was used to determine the differences between the frequencies of the polymorphisms of the ACE and ACTN3 genes and the type of sport. Results: The highest distribution of polymorphisms of the ECA gene of players from national teams of collective sports was found in the ACE ID (X2 = 6.87, p = .334), and in ACTN3 the RX (X2 = 6.33, p =. 388). Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between the Illinois test performance and the polymorphisms of the ECA gene (F = 2,150, p = .134). Conclusions: The ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms were not statistically related to the type of team sport. Agility is not associated with the type of polymorphism, which indicates that regardless of the gene, this physical quality can be trained and generate good results in the general population.
Resumo: Objetivo: analisar as diferenças dos polimorfismos dos genes ECA e ACTN3 na realização de um teste de agilidade em jogadores de elite de equipes esportivas pertencentes a equipes nacionais costarriquenhas. Metodologia: foi utilizada uma amostra de 33 jogadores de futebol masculino (futsal, rúgbi, vôlei e handebol). O teste de Illinois foi usado para avaliar a agilidade. Foram feitas duas visitas; na primeira foram obtidas amostras de uma célula por lavagem e na segunda foi aplicado o teste de agilidade. O teste qui-quadrado (X2) foi usado para determinar as diferenças entre as frequências dos polimorfismos dos genes ECA e ACTN3 e o tipo de esporte. Resultados: A maior distribuição de polimorfismos do gene ECA em jogadores de equipes nacionais de esportes coletivos é encontrada no ID (X2= 6,87, p= 0,334) e no ACTN3 no RX (X2= 6,33, p= 0,388). Além disso, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o tempo gasto no teste de Illinois e os polimorfismos do gene ECA (F= 2,150, p= 0,134), assim como para os polimorfismos do gene ACTN3 (F= 0,950, p= 0,339). Conclusões: Os polimorfismos dos genes ECA e ACTN3 não estavam estatisticamente relacionados com o tipo de esporte coletivo. A agilidade não está associada pelo tipo de polimorfismo, indicando que, independentemente do gene, essa qualidade física pode ser treinada e gerar bons resultados na população em geral.
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Objective To explore the association between ACTN3 gene R577X polymorphism and serum lipid levels in an elderly Chinese Han population.Methods This study was based on the ageing arm of The Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study (RtLAS).Genotyping was performed by Taqman MGB method.Lipids includedtotal cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).Cut points of dyslipidemia were based on that reported in the NCEP ATPIII.We explored the associations between R577X polymorphism loci and dyslipidemia by using analysis of covariance and logistic regression analysis.Results Overall 1 618 samples was included (741 males and 877 females) in this study.Covariance analysis found that TC level of RR,XX and RX genotype in the general population were 1.34,1.37,1.43 mmol/L with an increasing trend (P =0.024);TC and LDL-C levels of RR,XX and RX genotype (TC:5.13,5.29,5.43 mmol/L,P =0.004;LDL-C:2.76,2.88,3.00 mmol/L,P =0.004) were significantly different in females.Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased copies of X allele were significantly associated with increased TC and LDL-C levels in the general population and females.For the general population,TC:OR=1.184,95％CI:1.030-1.361,P =0.018;LDL-C:OR =1.334,95％CI:1.101-1.588,P=0.003;For females,TC:OR=1.332,95％ CI:1.102-1.616,P =0.003;LDL-C:OR =1.549,95 ％CI:1.208-1.986,P =0.001.After adjusting for other covariates,the above associations remained significant.Conclusions ACTN3 gcnc R577X polymorphism is associated with plasma TC and LDL-C levels in elderly woman of Han populations in Rugao,China.
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This study analyzed the differences in aerobic and anaerobic exercise ability and growth-related indicators, depending on the polymorphism of the ACE and the ACTN3 genes, to understand the genetic influence of exercise ability in the growth process of children. The subjects of the study consisted of elementary school students (n=856, age 10.32+/-0.07 yr). The anthropometric parameters, physical fitness and growth factors were compared among groups of the ACE I/D or the ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms. There were no significant differences between the anthropometric parameters, physical fitness and growth factors for the ACE gene ID or the ACTN3 gene R577X polymorphism. However, the DD type of ACE gene was highest in the side step test (p<0.05), and the DD type was significantly higher than the II+ID type (p<0.05) in the early bone age. The combined group of the ACE gene II+ID and the ACTN3 gene XX type significantly showed lower early bone age (p< 0.05). This study did not find any individual or compounding effects of the polymorphism in the ACE I/D or the ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms on the anthropometric parameters, physical fitness and growth factors of Korean children. However, the exercise experience and the DD type of the ACE gene may affect the early maturity of the bones.