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Purpose: To investigate the rate of secondary glaucoma after intravitreal (IV) dexamethasone implant (ozurdex) 0.7 mg injection in a retinal disorder over a clinical treatment period of 2 years in a tertiary eye care center. Methods: Retrospective study based on the records of patients receiving IV ozurdex 0.7 mg implant for T/t of cystoid macular edema (CME), diabetic macular edema (DME), macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion/branch retinal vein occlusion (CRVO/BRVO), and choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) at a tertiary eye care hospital for 2 years with 6 months of follow?up. The post?T/t intraocular pressure (IOP) and antiglaucoma medication (AGM) required was recorded at day 1, 1 week, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months and analyzed for secondary IOP spike or ocular hypertension defined as IOP >21 mmHg at any point in time. The patients with pre?existing glaucoma and lost to follow?up were excluded. Results: A total of 102 eyes of 80 patients were included in the study. The mean baseline IOP was 14.40 + 2.97 mmHg, post?injection was 15.01 + 3.22 mmHg at day 1, 15.15 + 3.28 mmHg at 1 week, 15.96 + 3.62 mmHg at 1 month, 16.26 + 3.95 mmHg at 2 months, 15.41 + 3.33 mmHg at 3 months, 15.38 + 3.28 mmHg at 4 months, and 14.27 + 2.69 mmHg at 6 months. No significant difference was seen from baseline IOP at day 1 (P = 0.163), 1 week (P = 0.086), and 6 months (P = 0.748). Statistically significant difference was seen at 1 month (P = 0.0009), 2 months (P = 0.0001), 3 months (P = 0.023), and 4 months (P = 0.026). The mean IOP peak at 2 months recovered to baseline by 6 months subgroup IOP trend shows a similar variation and the results are consistent with the studies in the literature. About 19/102 (18.62%) eyes showed an IOP spike post?T/t. The maximum was seen at 2 months; 16 eyes showed a rise in the range 22–25 mmHg; 8 in the range 26–30 mmHg; and 1 eye had 34 mmHg and required multiple AGM—no surgical intervention was needed. Conclusion: A secondary IOP spike post?IV ozurdex 0.7 mg seen in 18.62% of the cases require AGM. The IOP monitoring should be meticulously performed for the variations and secondary IOP spike management to prevent irreversible damage to the optic nerve and visual field
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Objective:To explore the protective effect of agmatine on mice with multiple organ failure (MODS) induced by yeast polysaccharide(ZYM) on the expression of inflammatory factors.Methods:ZYM induced inflammation model was established by intraperitoneal injection of ZYM in mice.All mice were divided into blank group,ZYM group and ZYM+AGM group.The mice feeding, white cell count,heart rate and so on were observed before and after the modeling to determine whether the model was successful.The liver function of mice,renal function,myocardial enzymes and other biochemical indicators were detected after the success of the model;and through the qPCR and ELISA method for detection of blood tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha),interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta),interleukin 6 (IL-6),IL-10 gene and protein secretion level.Results: After the injection of ZYM,mice looked disorganized, activity and reduce consumption;the functional serological indexes of various organs of the mice were detected,which showed that the function of the viscera was serious.Compared with the blank control group,the serum parameters of ZYM group and ZYM+AGM group were significantly higher,and the inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with ZYM group,ZYM+AGM serum markers of organ function decreased,inflammatory factor TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 decreased significantly (P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in IL-10 (P>0.05); and the mouse spirit,eating and activity had no significant change.Conclusion:Intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ZYM can successfully construct a model of MODS,AGM by reducing the release of inflammatory factors,play a protective role in the function of various organs of MODS mice.
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This study was designed to investigate the expression of aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 on intraembryonic AGM stromal cells, and the change of its enzymatic activity after irradiation injury.The expression of APN/CD13 on AGM stromal cells was assayed by RT-PCR and immunihistochemistry. After the stromal cells in AGM region were irradiated with 8.0 Gy of 60Co γ-rays, APN/CD13 enzymatic activity was measured by spectrophotometer at different time points. The result showed that AGM stromal cells strongly expressed APN/CD13. The enzymatic activity of APN/CD13 decreased temporarily after irradiation injury, then increased to higher level 4 h after irradiation, and it returned to the pre-irradiation level 24 to 48 h after the irradiation. The enzymatic activity of APN/CD13 was temporarily enhanced after irradiation injury, which might be one of the compensatory mechanisms that promote the hematopoietic recovery after irradiation.
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Diaper dermatitis, or commonly called "diaper rash", is among the most prevalent cutaneous disorders of infancy and early childhood and important issue in nursing. The term itself is not diagnostic since it encompasses a variety of acute inflammatory reactions which are best regarded as a family of disorders arising from a combination of factors specifically attributable to the use of diapers. Intensive study of the rash process has shown that skin wetness and fecal enzyme activity are damaging to skin and lead to the development of diaper rash. This suggests that it is important to keep urine away from babies' skin, so that the skin remains as dry as possible and maintains its barrier function abilities. Controlling the urine will also minimize the mixing of urine and feces within the diaper, which helps prevent the increased activity of enzymes that attack the skin and cause irritation. Therefore, a diaper that keeps the skin drier and limits the mixing of urine and feces will help prevent the conditions that lead to diaper rash. Since their introduction about 35 years ago, disposable baby diapers have undergone many design and performance changes. In particular, the performance of diapers was advanced by the introduction of absorbent gel materials(AGMs) to provide advantages in skin care, dryness, and leakage protection. Especially, important was the introduction of AGM which increased the absorbent capacity of the diaper several fold and yielded marked reductions in the degree of skin hydration occurring under the diaper. Studies show not only drier skin but more stable skin pH and less dermatitis with AGM diapers than with home-laundered cloth diapers or single-use diapers without AGM. Minimizing diaper area skin wetness is important for managing and preventing diaper rash. To minimize wetness, parents should use super absorbent diapers, change them frequently, and gently clean the perineal area with each diaper change. In addition to the skin care benefits, disposable diapers are also better than cloth diapers in minimizing the risk of diarrhea outbreaks among infants and toddlers in day-care environments by reducing fecal contamination and minimizing the potential for transmission of gastro-intestinal tract disease in day-care settings. Furthermore, disposable diapers in the hospital provide nursing, health care, and other advantages over cloth diapers: convenience for nurses and parents, and better containment than cloth with less handling, decreasing the chance of spreading infections. These benefits extend from the care of infants in hospitals to children at home or in day care centers.