Mechanism of Qizhu Kang'ai Prescription for Inhibiting Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming via PCK1/Akt/p21 Signal Axis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Qizhu Kang'ai prescription （QZAP） on the gluconeogenesis enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 （PCK1） in the liver of mouse model of liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine （DEN） combined with carbon tetrachloride （CCl4） and Huh7 cells of human liver cancer， so as to explore the mechanism on regulating metabolic reprogramming and inhibiting cell proliferation of liver cancer cells. MethodDEN combined with CCl4 was used to construct a mouse model of liver cancer via intraperitoneal injection. A normal group， a model group， and a QZAP group were set up， in which QZAP （3.51 g·kg-1） or an equal volume of normal saline was administered daily by gavage， respectively. Serum and liver samples were collected after eight weeks of intervention. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， γ-glutamyltransferase （γ-GT）， and alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） in mice were detected to evaluate liver function changes of mice in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe pathological changes in liver tissue. In the cell experiment， Huh7 cells were divided into blank group， QZAP low， medium， and high dose groups and/or PCK1 inhibitor （SKF-34288 hydrochloride） group， and Sorafenib group. The corresponding drug-containing serum and drug treatment were given， respectively. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method， colony formation experiment， Edu fluorescent labeling detection， intracellular adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content detection， and cell cycle flow cytometry detection were used to evaluate the proliferation ability， energy metabolism changes， and change in the cell cycle of Huh7 cells in each group. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of PCK1， serine/threonine kinase （Akt）， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， and cell cycle-dependent protein kinase inhibitor 1A （p21）. ResultCompared with the model group， the pathological changes such as cell atypia， necrosis， and collagen fiber deposition in liver cancer tissue of mice in the QZAP group were alleviated， and the number of liver tumors was reduced （P<0.01）. The serum ALT， AST， γ-GT， and AFP levels were reduced （P<0.01）. At the cell level， compared with the blank group， low， medium， and high-dose groups of QZAP-containing serum and the Sorafenib group could significantly reduce the survival rate of Huh7 cells （P<0.01） and the number of positive cells with Edu labeling （P<0.01） and inhibit clonal proliferation ability （P<0.01）. The QZAP groups could also reduce the intracellular ATP content （P<0.05） and increase the distribution ratio of the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle （P<0.05） in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the model group and blank group， PCK1 and p21 protein levels of mouse liver cancer tissue and Huh7 cells in the QZAP groups were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the p-Akt protein level was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the ATP content and cell survival rate of Huh7 cells in the SKF-34288 hydrochloride group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， but there was no statistical difference in the ratio of Edu-positive cells and the proportion of G0/G1 phase distribution. Compared with the SKF-34288 hydrochloride group， the QZAP combined with the SKF-34288 hydrochloride group significantly reduced the ATP content， cell survival rate， and Edu-positive cell ratio of Huh7 cells （P<0.05） and significantly increased the G0/G1 phase distribution proportion （P<0.05）. ConclusionQZAP may induce the metabolic reprogramming of liver cancer cells by activating PCK1 to promote Akt/p21-mediated tumor suppression， thereby exerting an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation mechanism.

Artificial intelligence ChatGPT in ophthalmology and scientific writing / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

ChatGPT is a large language models(LLMs)that uses deep learning techniques to produce human-like responses to natural language inputs. It belongs to the family of generative pre-training transformer(GPT)models currently publicly available developed by OpenAI in November 2022. ChatGPT is capable of capturing the nuances and intricacies of human language, generating appropriate and contextually relevant responses. It can assist medical professionals in various tasks, such as research, diagnosis, patient monitoring, and medical education, from identifying research programs to assisting in clinical and laboratory diagnosis, to know new developments in their fields and scientific writing. ChatGPT has also attracted increasing attention and widely used in ophthalmology. However, the use of ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence tools in such tasks comes now with several limitations, ethical and legal concerns, such as credibility, plagiarism, copyright infringement, and biases. Future research can focus on developing new methods to mitigate these limitations while harnessing the benefits of ChatGPT in medicine and related aspects.

Application status of artificial intelligence techniques in retinoblastoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Retinoblastoma is a kind of malignant eye tumor commonly seen in children, which is one of the main causes threatening children's vision and life. The diagnosis and evaluation of retinoblastoma has always been a hot topic in clinic. In the past few years, the application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has made significant progress in the medical field, providing new opportunities and challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma, for example, the use of AI algorithms to analyze massive clinical data, which can help doctors diagnose the disease more accurately and provide personalized treatment plans. In addition, AI technology also plays an important role in medical image analysis, genomics research and other aspects, which can help the development of new drugs and improve patient prognosis. This article reviews the application progress of AI in retinoblastoma.

Reabilitação protética bucomaxilofacial: um estudo retrospectivo de base universitária / Maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation: an university-based retrospective study

A Prótese bucomaxilofacial (PBMF) é a especialidade da Odontologia que reabilita proteticamente pacientes com perda de estrutura na região da face. Entende-se por PBMFs aquelas utilizadas na reabilitação de pacientes que apresentam deformidades por etiologia congênita, traumática ou patológica. Objetivo: Avaliar retrospectivamente o perfil dos pacientes bem como as características das reabilitações protéticas realizadas em um Projeto de Extensão em Prótese Bucomaxilofacial de uma Universidade no sul do Brasil.Materiais e métodos:Foram analisados 90 prontuários de pacientes atendidos no período de agosto de 2017 a dezembro de 2018, e coletados os seguintes dados: gênero, cor/etnia, idade, etiologia da deformidade, tipo de prótese reabilitadora realizada e referenciamento do paciente ao Projeto. Resultados:Observou-se que pacientes do gênero masculino e cor branca foram os mais frequentemente reabilitados com a maioria dos tipos de prótese, com exceção da prótese nasal. A idade dos pacientes variou de 5 a 81 anos. A prótese ocular foi a mais confeccionada. A etiologia patológica foi a que mais exigiu tratamento reabilitador. Médicos e equipes hospitalares foram os que mais referenciaram pacientes para o Projeto de Extensão.Discussão: A maior prevalência de atendidos foi de pacientes do gênero masculino, etiologia patológica, com idade 60 anos ou mais, o que reforça a sobrevida das pessoas que são diagnosticadas com câncer e necessitam reabilitação bucomaxilofacial. Conclusão: A grande procura por atendimento no Projeto de Extensão em PBMF mostra uma carência desse serviço e poucas pesquisas para esclarecer o perfil do paciente que mais procura atendimento PBMF.

Bucomaxillofacial Prosthesis (BMFP) is a specialty of Dentistry that rehabilitates patients with loss of structure in the face region. BMFP are known to be used in the rehabilitation of patients who present deformities due to congenital, traumatic or pathological etiology. Aim:In retrospect, to assess the profile of patients, as well as the features of clinical cases of rehabilitations performed at the Buccomaxillofacial Prosthesis Extension Project, at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS. Materials and methods:from August 2017 to December 2018, 90 charts were cataloged with the following data: gender, ethnicity, age, etiology of the deformity, type of rehabilitation prosthesis, how the patient came to the Project. Results:It was concluded that white male patients were the predominant group to be benefited with prosthesis. The age gap was from 5 to 81 years. Ocular prosthesis was the most prevalent one. The pathological etiology was the one that most required rehabilitation treatment. Doctors and hospital staff were the ones who most referred patients to the Project.Discussion:The prevalence of patients attended was male, pathological etiology, aged 60 years or more, which reinforces the survival of people who are diagnosed with cancer and need oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Conclusion:The great demand for care in the BMFP Extension Project shows a lack of this service and little research to clarify the profile of the patient who most seeks BMFP care.

Melhores práticas de enfermagem para a pessoa idosa em Unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família em um município do Sul do país

Compreender as melhores práticas de enfermagem desempenhadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em unidades de Estratégia Saúde da família em um município da região Norte do Estado de Santa Catarina. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada no município de Joinville­SC por meio de entrevistas semiabertas e individuais. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 30 enfermeiros atuantes na atenção primária. Descrevem as melhores práticas de enfermagem voltadas à pessoa idosa, com destaque para a resolubilidade das práticas, a priorização do acesso da pessoa idosa, o cuidado ampliado para os familiares, a atuação do enfermeiro frente a situações de negligência e violência contra a pessoa idosa e, ainda, as barreiras para a efetivação das melhores práticas. Conclusão: a qualificação das ações oferecidas as pessoas idosas na atenção primária perpassa questões administrativas, sociais e resolutivas, e exigem que o enfermeiro esteja inserido no território, conhecendo potencialidades e limitações que interferem no planejamento do cuidado. Contudo, somente enfermeiros com autonomia e segurança no saber científico, aliado ao apoio institucional e ambiente adequado, desenvolvem melhores práticas.

Cronología / Chronology

Esta cronología es una idea del psicoanalista e investigador francés Théo Lucciardi y fue publicada originalmente en el número 3 de la revista LAPSUS NUMÉRIQUE. Su autor ha preparado esta versión actualizada a 2023 especialmente para este número de Aesthethica. La secuencia, que va desde la invención de la rueda hasta la IA generativa, permite detenernos en los grandes hitos del desarrollo científico tecnológico y a la vez advertir ve el grado de aceleración de la última década. Se pueden reconocer allí varios de los temas que integran la agenda contemporánea en materia de bioética y que están presentes en este número de la revista. Algunos de ellos son cruciales para la lectura ético-analítica que proponemos, como la vigencia de la lógica booleana, la actualización del Test de Turing o el porvenir de la IA y el Chat GPT

This chronology is an initiative of the French psychoanalyst and researcher Théo Lucciardi and was originally published in number 3 of the LAPSUS NUMÉRIQUE magazine. Its author has prepared this updated version to 2023 especially for this issue of Aesthethica. The sequence, which goes from the invention of the wheel to generative AI, allows us to stop at the great milestones of technological scientific development and at the same time notice the degree of acceleration of the last decade. Several of the issues that make up the contemporary agenda in bioethics and that are present in this issue of the magazine can be recognized there. Some of them are crucial for the ethical-analytical reading that we propose, such as the validity of Boolean logic, the updating of the Turing Test or the future of AI and Chat GPT

Orthodontic treatment in traumatized permanent teeth: a systematic review / Tratamento ortodôntico em dentes permanentes traumatizados: uma revisão sistemática

Objective: to analyze, through literature review, the available literature on orthodontic treatment in traumatized permanent teeth. Methods: A literature search was performed in electronic databases (PubMed and SciELO) using the descriptors [tooth injuries] OR [injuries, teeth] OR [injury, teeth] OR [teeth injury] OR [injuries, tooth] OR [injury, tooth] OR [tooth injury] OR [teeth injuries] AND [orthodontics]. Observational studies and clinical trials were included, narrative reviews, laboratory and in vitro studies, case reports and series as well as articles that presented abstracts written in languages other than Portuguese, English and Spanish were excluded from the study. Two reviewers considered the eligibility, the risk of bias of the analyzed data and the qualitative synthesis of the studies included. A total of 1,322 references were found and 4 articles met all inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Some consequences like pulp necrosis and root resorption have been highlighted and trauma severity should be considered when orthodontically intervening in previously traumatized teeth. Final considerations: The traumatized teeth can be orthodontically treated as long as the time of tissue reorganization is respected, and the pull and periodontal conditions are followed up.(AU)

Objetivos: analisar, por meio de revisão de literatura, a respeito do tratamento ortodôntico em dentes permanentes traumatizados. Metodologia: Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada em bancos de dados eletrônicos (PubMed e SciELO) usando os descritores [tooth injuries] ou [injuries, teeth] ou [injury, teeth] ou [teeth injury] ou [injuries, tooth] ou [injury, tooth] ou [tooth injury] ou [teeth injuries] e [orthodontics]. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais e ensaios clínicos, revisões narrativas, estudos laboratoriais e in vitro, relatos de casos e séries, bem como artigos que apresentassem resumos redigidos em idiomas diferentes do português, inglês e espanhol foram excluídos do estudo. Dois revisores consideraram a elegibilidade, o risco de viés dos dados analisados e a síntese qualitativa dos estudos incluídos. Foram encontradas 1.322 referências e 4 artigos atenderam a todos os critérios de inclusão e foram incluídos na análise qualitativa. Algumas consequências como necrose pulpar e reabsorção radicular têm sido destacadas e a gravidade do trauma deve ser considerada na intervenção ortodôntica em dentes previamente traumatizados. Considerações finais: Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão sugerem que dentes traumatizados podem ser tratados ortodônticamente desde que respeitado o tempo de reorganização tecidual e acompanhadas as condições pulpares e periodontais.(AU)

Leprosy Skin Lesion Detection: An AI Approach Using Few Shot Learning in a Small Clinical Dataset

This is an exploratory research study to check if artificial intelligence (AI) based image marker tool can aid leprosy screening to detect leprosy cases early in field situation and reduce the financial and personnel burden. We aimed to collect clinical leprosy skin lesion images and develop an AI model to identify and differentiate them. A total of 368 clinically diagnosed leprosy and 28 non-leprosy skin lesions were collected by an expert leprologist from 151 eligible patients using a multimodal imaging protocol. A Siamese-based Few Shot Learning (FSL) model was trained as it is a meta learning approach on an extremely small data set with fewer disease classes (disease conditions as categories). The number of class labels were increased by fine-grained grouping of skin lesions based on skin morphology (Nine leprosy subgroups) and further divided into train-set and test-set. An AI model was successfully developed, and the results indicated an accuracy of 91.25% and 73.12% on train-set and test-set for two-way one-shot task, respectively. The best sensitivity-specificity for the test-set were 72.39%-73.66% (two-way one-shot task). This early research data indicates that the development of AI based leprosy screening application is feasible using the skin lesion image as marker. The FSL method was successfully used in this training the small data set. However, this is a small sample size study, and more leprosy cases need to be enrolled along with an equal number of non- leprosy cases while improving model architecture to reduce overfit or bias problem. Moreover, as of now this tool cannot be used for neural leprosy (having no skin lesion) as well as lepromatous leprosy having diffuse infiltration. This tool will need further development and validation on pictures taken by different categories of common health care workers using available mobile phones.

La Inteligencia artificial generativa en la comunicación científica: retos y oportunidades / Generative Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Communication: Challenges and Opportunities

Se ofrece la visión panorámica sobre la inteligencia artificial generativa en el contexto de la comunicación científica desde dos puntos de vista: el de los investigadores y el de los editores de las revistas académicas. También se describen alguno de los retos y oportunidades más significativos de la aplicación de la IA en la comunicación académica y se concluye con una serie de recomendaciones de buenas prácticas

An overview of generative artificial intelligence in the context of scientific communication is offered from two points of view: that of researchers and that of the editors of academic journals. Some of the most significant challenges and opportunities of the application of AI in academic communication are also described and it concludes with a series of good practice recommendations

Atenção primária à saúde como coordenadora do cuidado no atendimento pré-natal de alto risco para toxoplasmose gestacional: relato de caso / Primary health care as care coordinator in high-risk prenatal care for gestational toxoplasmosis: case report / La atención primaria de salud como coordinadora asistencial en la atención prenatal de alto riesgo de toxoplasmosis gestacional: caso clínico

Introdução: a toxoplasmose é considerada uma enfermidade com grande impacto no contexto da saúde pública, especialmente quanto à infecção primária durante a gestação e o risco de transmissão congênita. A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é considerada a porta de entrada aos serviços de saúde e também a coordenadora do cuidado. Objetivo: este trabalho visa relatar um caso de toxoplasmose gestacional e a importância da APS como coordenadora do cuidado no pré-natal de alto risco. Relato do caso: trata-se de uma quartigesta, 27 anos de idade, de cor parda, atualmente desempregada e residente em área de vulnerabilidade sociodemográfica. Iniciou seu pré- natal tardiamente, sendo realizado seu primeiro atendimento com idade gestacional de 17 semanas e 5 dias. Esse caso foi observado e acompanhado durante o período do internato médico em APS I que ocorre no nono e décimo período do curso de medicina de uma universidade federal localizada em município de médio porte. Resultados: esta experiência possibilitou o aprendizado sobre o tratamento e protocolo da toxoplasmose gestacional na APS, a articulação com a atenção especializada e funcionamento da rede. Considerações finais: a toxoplasmose gestacional e consequente transmissão transplacentária, permanece no cenário epidemiológico como uma das doenças que impactam na saúde fetal e neonatal com graves consequências para o indivíduo na vida adulta, e a APS desempenha papel primordial quanto a elaboração de medidas preventivas, no planejamento reprodutivo, na captação precoce da gestante para o início do pré-natal e como a principal coordenadora do cuidado nos casos diagnosticados de toxoplasmose gestacional.

Introduction: toxoplasmosis is considered a disease with a great impact in the context of public health, especially regarding primary infection during pregnancy and the risk of congenital transmission. Primary Health Care (PHC) is considered the gateway to health services and also the care coordinator. Objective: this paper aims to report a case of gestational toxoplasmosis and the importance of PHC as a coordinator of high-risk prenatal care. Case report: this paper presents a quartigest, 27 years old, brown, currently unemployed and residing in an area of sociodemographic vulnerability. She started her prenatal care late, with her first appointment at 17 weeks and 5 days of gestation. This case was observed and followed up during the medical internship in APS I, which occurs in the ninth and tenth period of the medicine course at a federal university located in a medium-sized municipality. Results: this experience made it possible to learn about the treatment and protocol of gestational toxoplasmosis in PHC, the articulation with specialized care and the functioning of the network. Final considerations: gestational toxoplasmosis and consequent transplacental transmission, remains in the epidemiological scenario as one of the diseases that impact fetal and neonatal health with serious consequences for the individual in adult life, also PHC plays a key role in the development of preventive measures, reproductive planning, early detection of pregnant women for the start of prenatal care and as the main coordinator of care in diagnosed cases of gestational toxoplasmosis.

Introducción: la toxoplasmosis es considerada una enfermedad de gran impacto en el contexto de la salud pública, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la infección primaria durante el embarazo y al riesgo de transmisión congénita. La Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) es considerada la puerta de entrada a los servicios de salud y también la coordinadora de los cuidados. Objetivo: este trabajo tiene como objetivo relatar un caso de toxoplasmosis gestacional y la importancia de la APS como coordinadora de los cuidados prenatales de alto riesgo. Relato del caso: se presenta el caso de una cuarentona, de 27 años, morena, actualmente desempleada y residente en una zona de vulnerabilidad sociodemográfica. Inició su control prenatal tardíamente, con su primera consulta a las 17 semanas y 5 días de gestación. Este caso fue observado y seguido durante la pasantía médica en APS I, que ocurre en el noveno y décimo período del curso de medicina en una universidad federal localizada en un municipio de tamaño medio. Resultados: esta experiencia permitió conocer el tratamiento y protocolo de la toxoplasmosis gestacional en APS, la articulación con la atención especializada y el funcionamiento de la red. Consideraciones finales: la toxoplasmosis gestacional y la consecuente transmisión transplacentaria, se mantiene en el escenario epidemiológico como una de las enfermedades que impactan en la salud fetal y neonatal con graves consecuencias para el individuo en la vida adulta, asimismo la APS cumple un rol fundamental en el desarrollo de medidas preventivas, planificación reproductiva, detección precoz de la embarazada para el inicio del control prenatal y como principal coordinadora de la atención en los casos diagnosticados de toxoplasmosis gestacional.

Impact of ChatGPT on the medical research management / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:This stndy aims to analyze the influence of ChatGPT on medical research and give suggestions on GhatGPT.Methods:This paper expounded the background of ChatGPT, analyze the connection between ChatGPT and medical research management, application and threats of ChatGPT , and gave suggestions to avoid GhatGPT′s damage.Results:Technology will promote the evolution of medical research management. It is recommended to strengthen the supervision of the ChatGPT and research integrity education.Conclusions:It is urgent to establish a scientific management mechanism to take usage the advantages of GhatGPT.

Evaluation and impact analysis of ChatGPT′s competence in ethical review management / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:This paper tried to have a dialogue with ChatGPT about ethics review, to understand the degree of intelligence of this application in the field of ethical management, and to analyze its possible impact on the future ethics review work.Methods:The research team sorted out 43 questions, then the research team member at abroad accomplish the dialogue with ChatGPT in both Chinese and English. Feedback answers were summarized and analyzed to explore their advantages and problems.Results:Most of the ChatGPT′s answers of this test were reasonable, with obvious advantages in response speed, and the rigor and friendliness were relatively good. However, there were also problems in consistency, comprehensiveness and expertise, the accuracy and computing power also still have a lot of space for improvement.Conclusions:It is too early for AI to replace professionals, but we should fully develop and utilize the advantages of AI to help professionals get rid of inefficient labor and play a better role.

AI Rudi's Experience in Differentiating and Treating Facial Hormone-dependent Dermatitis by Stages Using the method of Clearing Heat and Protecting Yin / 中医杂志

@#This paper summarized the clinical experience of AI Rudi in the treatment facial hormone-dependent dermatitis with the method of clearing heat and protecting yin. It is believed that the key pathogenesis is the heat toxin accumulation， yin depletion and collaterals obstruction. The clinical treatment should focus on “heat exuberance” and “yin depletion”. It is advocated that “half treatment is from heat and half from yin” is the general principle， and the treatment is staged. In the acute phase， the treatment is half from cooling blood and dispersing wind to dispel heat pathogen， and half from protecting fluid and moisturizing skin to strengthen yin； and the modified Liangxue Xiaofeng Powder （凉血消风散） could be used. In the chronic phase， half treatment is from clearing residual toxin to eliminate heat pathogen， and half from nourishing yin and unblocking collaterals to strengthen yin， for which Xuanmai Ganju Decoction and Erzhi Pills （玄麦甘桔汤合二至丸） can be used and modified according to the symptoms. At the same time， we should pay attention to the simultaneous internal and external treatment， and emphasize the importance of daily protection in the treatment of the disease.

Application of deep learning artificial intelligence in the auxiliary diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Since the advent of artificial intelligence(AI), it has been increasingly applied and rapidly developed in various fields. In the field of medicine, image features can be automatically extracted and the performance of feature learning and classification can be completed with the help of AI. In the field of ocular fundus disease, AI can give a diagnosis of age-related maculopathy by analyzing and identifying fundus photography and optical coherence tomography with an accuracy rate similar to that of ophthalmologists. In the future, AI may assist physicians in making a diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration, aid basic hospital in screening and curb its progression in the early stage of the disease. However, the technique has problems such as uncertain model recognition performance, opaque operation process, and excessive amount of clinical data required, which still cannot be widely used in the clinic. In recent years, a lot of research has been done in China in the application of deep learning with AI to assist diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases, and the results show that AI combined with imaging analysis of ophthalmic diseases has such characteristics as objectivity, efficiency and accuracy. In this article, studies on deep learning in the auxiliary diagnosis of age-related maculopathy are reviewed, and the progress on its application and the limitations that exist are analyzed, so as to provide more information on the use and extension of AI in this disease.

Development and accuracy of artificial intelligence-generated prediction of facial changes in orthodontic treatment: a scoping review / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been utilized in soft-tissue analysis and prediction in orthodontic treatment planning, although its reliability has not been systematically assessed. This scoping review was conducted to outline the development of AI in terms of predicting soft-tissue changes after orthodontic treatment, as well as to comprehensively evaluate its prediction accuracy. Six electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) were searched up to March 14, 2023. Clinical studies investigating the performance of AI-based systems in predicting post-orthodontic soft-tissue alterations were included. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal checklist for diagnostic test accuracy studies were applied to assess risk of bias, while the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment was conducted to evaluate the certainty of outcomes. After screening 2500 studies, four non-randomized clinical trials were finally included for full-text evaluation. We found a low level of evidence indicating an estimated high overall accuracy of AI-generated prediction, whereas the lower lip and chin seemed to be the least predictable regions. Furthermore, the facial morphology simulated by AI via the fusion of multimodality images was considered to be reasonably true. Since all of the included studies that were not randomized clinical trials (non-RCTs) showed a moderate to high risk of bias, more well-designed clinical trials with sufficient sample size are needed in future work.

AI Rudi's Experience in Differentiating and Treating Facial Hormone-dependent Dermatitis by Stages Using the method of Clearing Heat and Protecting Yin / 中医杂志

This paper summarized the clinical experience of AI Rudi in the treatment facial hormone-dependent dermatitis with the method of clearing heat and protecting yin. It is believed that the key pathogenesis is the heat toxin accumulation， yin depletion and collaterals obstruction. The clinical treatment should focus on “heat exuberance” and “yin depletion”. It is advocated that “half treatment is from heat and half from yin” is the general principle， and the treatment is staged. In the acute phase， the treatment is half from cooling blood and dispersing wind to dispel heat pathogen， and half from protecting fluid and moisturizing skin to strengthen yin； and the modified Liangxue Xiaofeng Powder （凉血消风散） could be used. In the chronic phase， half treatment is from clearing residual toxin to eliminate heat pathogen， and half from nourishing yin and unblocking collaterals to strengthen yin， for which Xuanmai Ganju Decoction and Erzhi Pills （玄麦甘桔汤合二至丸） can be used and modified according to the symptoms. At the same time， we should pay attention to the simultaneous internal and external treatment， and emphasize the importance of daily protection in the treatment of the disease.

Construction and Application of Rib Fracture Diagnosis Model Based on YOLOv3 Algorithm / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#The artificial intelligence-aided diagnosis model of rib fractures based on YOLOv3 algorithm was established and applied to practical case to explore the application advantages in rib fracture cases in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#DICOM format CT images of 884 cases with rib fractures caused by thoracic trauma were collected, and 801 of them were used as training and validation sets. A rib fracture diagnosis model based on YOLOv3 algorithm and Darknet53 as the backbone network was built. After the model was established, 83 cases were taken as the test set, and the precision rate, recall rate, F1-score and radiology interpretation time were calculated. The model was used to diagnose a practical case and compared with manual diagnosis.@*RESULTS@#The established model was used to test 83 cases, the fracture precision rate of this model was 90.5%, the recall rate was 75.4%, F1-score was 0.82, the radiology interpretation time was 4.4 images per second and the identification time of each patient's data was 21 s, much faster than manual diagnosis. The recognition results of the model was consistent with that of the manual diagnosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rib fracture diagnosis model in practical case based on YOLOv3 algorithm can quickly and accurately identify fractures, and the model is easy to operate. It can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic technique in forensic clinical identification.