Relationship between eating out and overweight， obesity， and fatty liver disease in adult residents in a suburban area of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of overweight， obesity and fatty liver disease （FLD） in adult residents in a suburban area of Shanghai， and to explore the relationship between these conditions and eating out of home （EOH）. MethodsAdult residents from Zhongshan Street， Songjiang， Shanghai， were invited to report their frequency of EOH and undergo a physical examination using B-ultrasonography from May to September 2017. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between EOH and conditions of overweight， obesity， and FLD. ResultsAmong the final sample size of 6 608 participants， the prevalence rates of overweight， obesity， and FLD were 41.65%， 14.71% and 38.29%， respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders， logistic analyses revealed that participants with an EOH frequency > once/week had a 1.44-fold higher prevalence of obesity （P=0.006）， a 1.35-fold higher prevalence of overweight/obesity （P=0.005）， and a 1.36-fold higher prevalence of FLD （P=0.008）. ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight， obesity， and FLD is relatively high in Songjiang， Shanghai. EOH may be a risk factor for these diseases， and residents are recommended to reduce the frequency of EOH.

The Assessment of Gastric Antral Wall Thickness in Helicobacter pylori Gastritis by Abdominal Ultrasonography, Case-Control Study (2016-2018)

Abdominal ultrasonography is effective in the visualization of gastric wall layers and measuring its thickness. The study aimed to assess gastric antral wall thickness in patients with H. pylori gastritis by abdominal ultrasonography and to study its predictive value in detecting H. pylori gastritis.

Eliminação de Dioctophyme renale pela urina em canino com dioctofimatose em rim esquerdo e cavidade abdominal - Primeiro relato no Rio Grande do Sul / Elimination of Dioctophyme renale to urine in canines with dioctophymosis in the left kidney and abdominal cavity - First report in Rio Grande do Sul

Dioctophyme renale é um parasito que afeta tanto animais como humanos e tem como órgão de eleição o rim direito. Relata-se o caso clínico-cirúrgico de um paciente canino com histórico de eliminação de três exemplares de D. renale pela urina e presença de parasitos no rim esquerdo e na cavidade abdominal. No Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, foram realizados exames pré-cirúrgicos, entre eles a ultrassonografia abdominal, que identificou a localização dos nematódeos, e o exame de Doppler pulsado dos vasos intrarrenais, que demonstrou aumento nos índices resistivos nas regiões avaliadas. O paciente foi conduzido para a realização de laparotomia exploratória, sendo removidos 23 parasitos da cavidade abdominal. A presença de D. renale causa graves lesões nos rins e nos demais órgãos da cavidade abdominal, sendo essencial o diagnóstico precoce e a remoção dos nematódeos para recuperação do paciente.(AU)

Dioctophyme renale is a parasite that attacks animals as well as humans and has the right kidney as a preferred target organ. This document reports the case of a clinical-chirurgical canine patient with a history of elimination of three D. renale samples through its urine and presence of parasites at its left kidney and abdominal cavity. Pre-cirurgical exams were performed at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas. Among these exams, abdominal ultrasonography identified the nematode's location and the Pulse-Doppler of the intrarenal vessels showed an increase in the resistive indices of the evaluated areas. An Exploratory Laparotomy was conducted with the patient who had 23 parasites removed from its abdominal cavity. The presence of D. renale causes severe lesions at kidneys and other organs of the abdominal cavity, for this reason early diagnosis and nematode´s removal are essential for the patient's recovery.(AU)

¿Cuáles son los rangos de normalidad de los diámetros de la aorta infrarrenal, medidos con ultrasonografía 2D, en sujetos sin antecedentes de enfermedad vascular? / What are the normal ranges of the infrarenal aortic diameters measured with 2D ultrasound in subjects with no history of vascular disease?

El diámetro de la parte abdominal de la aorta (AAI), constituye un factor relevante para decidir reparar un aneurisma aórtico abdominal. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar rangos de normalidad de los diámetros de la AAI, medidos con ultrasonografía 2D, en sujetos sin antecedentes de enfermedad vascular. Estudio de corte transversal, realizado en los Hospitales Regional de Temuco y de Pitrufquen. Se estudiaron 399 sujetos mayores de 15 años, sin antecedentes de enfermedad vascular, que consultaron por cuadros de dolor abdominal. Se realizó ultrasonografía 2D con dos equipos diferentes (General Electric RT3200 Advantage II y Medison co. Ltda. Modelo SA-600; ambos con transductores de 3,5 Mhz.) y por dos observadores independientes. Las variables resultado fueron diámetros antero-posterior (DAP) y transverso (DT) de la AA. Otras variables de interés fueron: sexo, edad índice peso/talla y superficie corporal. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, inferencial aplicando t test para variables continuas, x2 para variables categóricas, ANOVA y Kruskal Wallis para comparación de grupos; estudios de correlación y una regresión lineal simple. El DAP promedio fue de 16,1 ± 2,2 mm (9 a 23 mm) y el DT promedio fue de 19,4 ±2,7 mm (11 a 26 mm). Se observaron DAP y DT significativamente mayores en el subgrupo de >50 años y en hombres. Hubo correlación positiva entre índice peso/talla-DAP (p=0,0321) e índice peso/talla-DT (p=0,0052), más relevante en el subgrupo femenino. Por otra parte, se demostró correlación positiva entre DAP y superficie corporal (p<0.0001) y DT y superficie corporal (p<0.0001). Sexo, edad y superficie corporal se asocian con DAP y DT más elevados. Al parecer la población estudiada posee AAI de menor diámetro promedio que lo descrito en la literatura internacional.

The diameter of the abdominal aorta (AA), is a relevant factor to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The aim of this study is to determine the normal range of the diameter of the infrarenal AA according 2D ultrasonography in patients with no history of vascular disease. Cross-sectional study, conducted in Hospital Regional of Temuco and Pitrufquen in 399 subjects over 15 years, with no history of vascular disease, who consulted for abdominal pain cadres were studied. 2D ultrasonography was performed with two different computers (General Electric RT3200 Advantage II and co Medison. Ltda. Model SA-600, both with 3.5 MHz transducers.) and two independent observers. The outcome variables were anteroposterior diameters (DAP) and transverse (TD) of AA. Other variables of interest were: sex, age index weight / height and body surface. Descriptive statistics were applied, applying inferential t test for continuous variables, x2 for categorical variables and Kruskal Wallis ANOVA for comparison of groups; correlation studies and linear regression. DAP average was 16.1 ± 2.2 mm (9-23 mm) and DT average was 19.4 ± 2.7 mm (11-26 mm). DAP and DT was significantly higher in the subgroup age > 50 and in men. There was a positive correlation between weight / height-DAP (p=0.0321) and index weight / height-DT (p=0.0052), the more relevant in the female subgroup index. Moreover, positive correlation between DAP and body surface area (p<0.0001) and DT and body surface area (p<0.0001) was demonstrated. Sex, age and body surface area are associated with higher DAP and DT. Apparently our population has lower average diameter aortas that described in the international literature.

Mode B ultrasonography and abdominal Doppler in crab-eating-foxes (Cerdocyon thous) / Ultrassonografia abdominal modo B e Doppler em cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous)

Annually hundreds of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) are referred to rehabilitation centers and zoos in Brazil. The ultrasonographic study of wildlife species is an important tool for a non-invasive and accurate anatomical description and provides important information for wildlife veterinary care. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the main abdominal organs as well as the vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta and renal arteries of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) using mode B ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Ultrasonographic features of the main abdominal organs were described and slight differences were noticed between ultrasound imaging of abdominal organs of crab-eating foxes and other species. The bladder presented wall thickness of 12±0.01mm, with three defined layers. Both, the right and left kidneys presented corticomedullary ratio of 1:1 and similarly to the adrenals and the liver, they were homogeneous and hypoechoic compared to the spleen. The spleen was homogeneous and hyperechoic compared to the kidneys. The stomach presented 3 to 5 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 39±0.05mm and lumen and mucosa with hyperechoic and hypoechoic features, respectively. Small and large intestines presented 2 to 3 peristaltic movements per minute, wall thickness of 34±0.03mm and three defined layers with hyperechogenic (submucosa and serosa) and hypoechogenic (muscular) features. Ovaries of the female crab-eating fox were hypoechoic compared to the spleen and with heterogeneous parenchyma due to the presence of 2x2mm ovarian follicles. Prostates of the six males were regular and with a well defined boundary, with a homogeneous and hyperechoic parenchyma compared to the spleen. Vascular indexes of the abdominal aorta (PSV: 25.60±0.32cm/s; EDV: 6.96±1.68cm/s; PI: 1.15±0.07 e RI: 0.73±0.07) and right (PSV: 23.08±3.34cm/s; EDV: 9.33±2.36cm/s; PI: 1.01±0.65 e RI: 0.65±0.16) and left renal arteries (PSV: 23.74±3.94cm/s; EDV: 9.07±3.02cm/s; PI: 1.04±0.31 e RI: 0.64±0.10) were determined. Thus, conventional and Doppler ultrasonographic imaging provides basic information that can be used as reference for the species as well for other wild canids and it is a precise and non-invasive method that can be safely used to evaluate and diagnose abdominal injuries in these patients.(AU)

O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever os achados ultrassonográficos convencionais dos principais órgãos abdominais e determinar com a utilização da ultrassonografia Doppler os índices vasculares da aorta abdominal e artérias renais em cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous). Foram avaliados nove cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous). Por meio da ultrassonografia convencional do abdômen dos animais, estudaram-se os achados ultrassonográficos normais e a biometria dos principais órgãos dessa cavidade como fígado, baço, bexiga, estômago, intestinos, adrenais, rins, ovários, próstata e tecido linfoide dos animais, obtendo-se resultados importantes para a caracterização sonográfica desses tecidos. A bexiga apresentou espessura da parede de 12 ± 0,01 mm, com três camadas bem definidas. O rim direito e esquerdo apresentaram relação corticomedular de 1:1 e com ecogenicidade semelhante as adrenais e fígado, homogêneas e hipoecoica em comparação ao baço. O baço apresentou-se homogêneo e hiperecoica em relação aos rins. O estômago apresentou de 3 a 5 movimentos peristálticos por minuto, espessura da parede de 39 ± 0,05mm e lúmen e mucosa com características hiperecoicas e hipoecoicas, respectivamente. O intestino delgado e grosso apresentaram de 2 a 3 movimentos peristálticos por minuto, espessura da parede de 34 ± 0,03mm e três camadas definidas, hiperecogênica (submucosa e serosa) e hipoecogênicas (musculares). Os ovários de uma fêmea se apresentaram hipoecoica, em comparação com o baço, e heterogêneos, devido à presença de folículos ovarianos de 2x2mm de diâmetro. As prostatas de seis machos eram regulares e com contornos definidos, parênquima homogêneo e hiperecoico em relação ao baço. Ao exame Doppler foram determinados os índices vasculares da aorta abdominal (PSV: 25,60±0,32cm/s; EDV: 6,96±1,68cm/s; PI: 1,15±0,07 e RI: 0,73±0,07) e das artérias renais direitas (PSV: 23,08±3,34cm/s; EDV: 9,33±2,36cm/s; PI: 1,01±0,65 e RI: 0,65±0,16) e esquerdas (PSV: 23,74±3,94cm/s; EDV: 9,07±3,02cm/s; PI: 1,04±0,31 e RI: 0,64±0,10). Pode-se concluir que a ultrassonografia convencional e Doppler podem ser ferramentas importantes no estudo morfofisiológico de órgãos abdominais em cachorros-do-mato, possibilitando o diagnóstico de alterações abdominais nesses animais e a utilização desses achados como referências para outros caninos silvestres.(AU)

A Case of Acute Appendicitis of Children which its Symptoms and Signs were Self-disappeared

Acute appendicitis is a disease resulting from inflammation of the appendix. The most common symptoms and physical examinations are the following: right lower abdomen pain, tenderness, rebound tenderness, nausea, vomiting, and fever. The clinician makes a diagnosis based on these symptoms and physicals along with ultrasonography or radiologic imaging, such as computed tomography (CT), forviewing of the inflamed appendix. In this case a seven-year-old-male visited the Emergency Room with abdominal pain and tendernessin in the right lower quadrant, whose symptoms disappeared spontaneously without treatment, although the bedside ultrasonography showed an inflamed appendix. The patient underwent surgery and the operation findings indicated a concordant diagnosis. We report this case as the cardinal symptom of acute appendicitis has been right lower quadrant pain for many years, which may lead to misdiagnosis.

Association of Gallbladder Polyp with the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gallbladder polyps and colorectal adenomas share many common risk factors; however, their association has never been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in asymptomatic healthy subjects. METHODS: Consecutive asymptomatic subjects who underwent both screening colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography at Kyung Hee University Hospital in Gang Dong between July 2010 and April 2011 were prospectively enrolled. The prevalence of colorectal adenoma was compared between subjects with or without gallbladder polyps. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for colorectal adenoma in these subjects. RESULTS: Of the 581 participants, 55 presented with gallbladder polyps and 526 did not have gallbladder polyps. Participants with gallbladder polyps showed a trend toward a higher prevalence of colorectal adenoma than those without gallbladder polyps (52.7% vs. 39.2%, P=0.051). Although the result was not statistically significant, gallbladder polyps were found to be a possible risk factor for colorectal adenoma (odds ratio=1.796, 95% confidence interval=0.986-3.269, P=0.055), even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. There was no difference observed in colorectal adenoma characteristics between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a possible association between gallbladder polyps and colorectal adenomas. Future studies with larger cohorts are warranted to further investigate this matter.

Relationship of Simple Renal Cyst to Hypertension / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Simple renal cyst is the most common cystic deformation found in adults. However, there were a few systematic Korean reports for the clinical symptoms and complications of simple renal cysts. The author's purpose was to determine the relationship between simple renal cysts diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography and hypertension. METHODS: Among 13,482 persons who took a routine physical examination at Ulsan University Hospital in 2002, 5,127 persons who took medical examinations again in 2010 were selected. We excluded persons who had renal cyst, hypertension, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, kidney disease, thyroid disease, and cancer in 2002. Analysis was conducted for 505 subjects with newly diagnosed simple renal cyst and 2,744 subjects without renal cyst in 2010. The simple renal cyst group was compared to a control group without renal cyst. RESULTS: Among 3,249 subjects, simple renal cyst and hypertension were newly diagnosed in 505 subjects and 503 subjects. The subjects who had simple renal cysts had significantly higher hypertension incidence (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 1.94). Significant hypertension incidence was observed especially when the subjects had cysts located on both kidneys (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.12 to 5.71), two (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.84 to 5.15) or more cysts (OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.38 to 7.04), and larger cysts more than 1 cm in diameter (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.07). CONCLUSION: The presence of simple renal cysts was significantly positively related to the incidence of hypertension. Bilateral distribution, two or more number, and larger size than 1 cm diameter were the characteristics of simple renal cyst related to hypertension.

Usefulness and Pitfall of Abdominal Ultrasonographic Examination by a Pediatrician in Children / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Ultrasonographic examination plays an important role in non-invasive and prompt screening examinations in detecting abdominal diseases. In this review, the author's experience of the usefulness and pitfalls of ultrasonographic examinations in children with gastrointestinal symptoms is presented. A total of 1,000 cases of children who underwent ultrasonographic evaluation in the Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital were reviewed. The main causes leading to ultrasonographic evaluation were abdominal pain (43.9%), vomiting (17.3%), elevated liver enzymes (11.8%), and jaundice (9.8%). Abnormal ultrasonographic findings accounted for 57.9% of cases. The major abnormal findings were mesenteric lymphadenitis (29.2%), fatty liver (12.1%), hepatitis (6.4%), hepatosplenomegaly (6.2%), and acute appendicitis (4.8%). The major findings in children with abdominal pain were mesenteric lymphadenitis (32.6%), intussusception (2.7%), and acute appendicitis (2.7%). The major findings in children with vomiting were mesenteric lymphadenitis (12.7%), hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (10.4%), acute appendicitis (3.5%). The major ultrasonographic findings in children with urinary tract diseases were hydronephrosis (45.4%), urolithiasis (21.5%) and cystic renal disease (18.1%). Ultrasonography performed by pediatricians is advantageous because pediatricians are able to perform the procedure with clinical information at the right time.

Glomerular Filtration Rate Difference between Renal Cyst Group and Control Group / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: The simple renal cyst is the most prevalent cystic deformation in adults and is most of them are incidentally found during medical examination. In this study, the clinical differences were compared between simple renal cyst and control groups diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography during periodic medical examination. METHODS: We randomly selected 2,277 persons who took medical examination in one general hospital health promotion center. Among them, analysis was conducted for 188 subjects with simple renal cyst and 188 subjects without renal cyst whose sex, age, and body mass index were matched. Renal cyst subjects were compared with control group to search for their relationship with hypertension, renal function and microscopic hematuria, past medical history, social history, results of other abdominal ultrasonography findings, urine test, and blood test. RESULTS: Among 2,213 subjects, simple renal cyst was found in 188 subjects (8.5%). The subjects who had more than three simple renal cysts were significant older (P = 0.05) and the oldest age was 70's. Also, higher hypertension prevalence (P = 0.05), more microscopic hematuria, higher serum creatinine (P = 0.02), and lower glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.01) were observed in simple renal cyst group. CONCLUSION: It is needed to survey size, shape and change of simple renal cyst using abdominal ultrasonography as well as how its progression may be related to developing hypertension, decreased renal function and microscopic hematuria.

Ascaridiasis biliar en un paciente pediátrico. Reporte de caso

La ascaridiasis, es la parasitosis intestinal más frecuentes en humanos, con una alta prevalencia en países subdesarrollados. La migración a vesícula es poco frecuente en niños y cuando esto ocurre el tratamiento por lo general es endoscópico o quirúrgico. Caso clínico: paciente femenino de 13 años de edad, quien presentó dolor abdominal recurrente en cuadrante superior derecho. Los hallazgos de laboratorio revelaron elevación de enzimas hepáticas y leucocitosis. El ultrasonido abdominal (USA) evidenció imagen longitudinal y móvil en el interior de la vesícula, así como dilatación del colédoco. Se hospitaliza con el propósito de realizar colagiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) al siguiente día; la paciente expulsa espontáneamente áscaris por boca el mismo día, por lo que se difiriere la CPRE. Se practicó un segundo USA sin evidencia de áscaris. Se complementa tratamiento médico con albendazol vía oral. El ultrasonido abdominal es un método efectivo y poco costoso en la confirmación diagnóstica y monitorización de la ascaridiasis biliar. La ascaridiasis biliar no complicada debe tratarse de manera conservadora ya que la eliminación espontánea de Ascaris lumbricoides puede suceder hasta en 80 % de los casos.

ascariasis is the most frequent intestinal parasitosis in humans, with a greater prevalence in undeveloped countries. Hepatobiliary migration of ascaris in children is uncommon, when it occurs; treatment is generally endoscopic or surgical. Clinical case: we present the case of a 13 year old female patient admitted to the emergency room with right upper quadrant persisting pain, of 1-month duration. Laboratory tests revealed elevation hepatic enzymes and WBC. Abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) showed a long, linear, moving echogenic structure in the distended lumen of the gallbladder, with an abnormal dilation of the choledochus. An Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was programmed for the following day. However, the patient spontaneously expelled a long ascaris orally the same day. Another AUS was performed with no evidence of ascaris in the gallbladder or the choledochus; thus the ERCP was differed. Medical treatment was complemented albendazole given orally. AUS is an effective and low cost method in the diagnostical confirmation and monitorization of biliary ascariasis, given the symptoms of pain, cholangitis and acute cholecystitis. Non complicated biliary ascariasis must be treated in a conservative manner given that spontaneous elimination can occur in up to 80% of the cases.

Analysis of 1,000 Cases of Abdominal UltrasonographyPerformed by a Pediatrician / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasound examination of children performed by a pediatrician. METHODS: One thousand children who presented with symptoms of a gastrointestinal disorder and underwent abdominal ultrasound evaluation in the Department of Pediatrics, between January 2003 and June 2006, were included in this study. We analyzed the patient's medical records and ultrasound results retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 1,000 patients, 58.4% were male and 41.6% were female. The mean age of the patients was 4.7+/-4.0 years. The main reasons for ultrasound were abdominal pain (43.9%), vomiting (17.3%), elevated liver enzymes (11.8%), and jaundice (9.8%). Abnormal ultrasound findings were present in 57.9% of cases. The major abnormal findings were mesenteric lymphadenitis (29.2%), fatty liver (12.1%), hepatitis (6.4%), hepatosplenomegaly (6.2%), and acute appendicitis (4.8%). The time interval between the initial medical evaluation and the ultrasound evaluation was within 24 hours in most cases (78.5%). The main findings in children with abdominal pain were mesenteric lymphadenitis (32.6%), fatty liver (5.9%), intussusception (2.7%), and acute appendicitis (2.7%). The main findings in children with vomiting were mesenteric lymphadenitis (12.7%), hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (10.4%), and acute appendicitis (3.5%). The major ultrasound findings in children with urinary tract diseases were hydronephrosis (45.4%), urolithiasis (21.5%) and cystic renal disease (18.1%). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examination played an important role as a non-invasive and prompt screening examination for detection of abdominal diseases. Ultrasound was an important tool for pediatricians to determine timely information for patient management.

Avaliação da extensão da oclusão arterial na isquemia crônica de membros inferiores: estudo comparativo da ecografia com doppler colorido e da arteriografia / Assessment of the arterial occlusion extension in the lower extremity chronic ischemia: a comparative study of the duplex ultrasound and the arteriography

A arteriografia é um exame radiológico invasivo que permite ver as características da luz das artérias tronculares e de pequenos ramos musculares e colaterais, tornando possível constatar alterações parietais mínimas através da injeção intravascular de meio de contraste. Apesar do grande desenvolvimento tecnológico que experimentou nas últimas décadas, tem limitações para definir a extensão da obstrução e o leito arterial pósobstrução na Doença Arterial Oclusiva de Membros Inferiores (DAO). Alguns estudos já analisaram a arteriografia quanto à visibilização do leito distal em pacientes com DAO femoropoplítea, porém nenhum estudou a extensão do segmento ocluído no território aortoilíaco utilizando a arteriografia intra-operatória com injeção distal de contraste como teste padrão. Este estudo clínico, prospectivo, conduzido no Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, foi desenvolvido para avaliar a arteriografia pré-operatória em sua capacidade de detectar a real extensão das oclusões arteriais, e o leito arterial distal a estas. A Ecografia com Doppler colorido também foi avaliada nesses mesmos aspectos. A extensão da oclusão foi definida como sendo a distância entre o ponto de oclusão e o ponto de reenchimento (PR) da luz arterial, e o leito distal (LD) definido como o conjunto de todas as artérias que mantêm continuidade com este ponto de reenchimento. Todos os pacientes incluídos foram submetidos, em mesmo intervalo determinado de tempo, a uma Arteriografia com injeção de meio de contraste Proximal à obstrução (AP), uma Ecografia com Doppler colorido (Eco-Doppler) e ao padrão-ouro para diagnóstico do PR e LD, que é a Arteriografia com injeção de contraste Distal à obstrução (AD). Foram estudados 47 membros inferiores, de 33 pacientes. Trinta e quatro casos de doença aortoilíaca e 13 casos de doença arterial infrainguinal femoropoplítea. A AP detectou o verdadeiro PR em apenas 53,2%...

Arteriography is an invasive method of imaging the vascular system that allows assessment of the intraluminal characteristics of the arteries. It detects minimal arterial wall changes with intravascular injections of contrast agents. Dispite significant advances in lasts decades, some pitfalls remain in determining the extension of arterial occlusions and the run-off vessels in cases of arterial occlusive disease in the lower extremities (LEAOD). Some authors have already studied the extension of the disease, by arteriography, in patients with femoropopliteal disease; nevertheless, none of them has so far used the Intraoperative Distal Prebypass Arteriography (IDA) as the goldstandard in patients with disease in the aortoiliac territory. This study is a clinical, prospective trial, developed by the Division of Vascular Surgery at the University of Sao Paulo to analyse the pre-operative arteriography (POA) in its capacity of showing the true extension of the arterial occlusion and the run-off vessels in LEAOD. The Duplex Ultrasound Arterial Mapping (DUAM) was also tested in the same situations. Extension of the arterial occlusion was defined as the length between the point where the contrast agent leaves the main vessel, and the point where the contrast come back to it, in the arterial system, the later called Refilling Point (RP). Run-off was defined as the sum of the distal arteries continuous with the RP. All of the patients included in this study were subjected in a determined time interval to a POA, a DUAM and a IDA. Forty seven lower extremities were studied in 33 patients (34 with aortoiliac, and 13 with femoropopliteal disease). POA detected the true RP in 53% of the instances, with a bad reprodutibility of the gold-standard (k = 0,44, P > 0,001). The DUAM detected the RP 74,5%, with a good results reprodutibliity (k = 0,68, P < 0,001). In the assessment of run-off vessels POA and DUAM have detected, respectively, 125 and 167 of the 183...

Accuracy of Emergency Ultrasonography for Biliary Parameters by Physicians with Limited Training

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine for upper abdominal pain, the accuracy of emergency abdominal ultrasonography (EAU) performed by emergency physicians with limited training. METHODS: Two PGY-3 emergency physicians, who had received 2 hours of hands-on training, including the normal anatomy of a biliary system, liver, kindney, spleen, and pancreas, and who had studied the pathologic findings for another month were the subjects of this study. They used a Sonosite 180 R to perform EAU on patients with upper abdominal pain within 2 months after training. We determined the agreement between the radiologist 's abdominal ultrasonography(RAU) and EAU by using Kappa statistics. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were enrolled. The agreement between the EAU and the RAU findings was 0.97, 0.88, 0.79, 0.73, 0.62, and 0.57 for gall bladder (GB) distension, cholelithiasis, GB wall thickening, duct dilatation, choledocholithiasis, and pericholecystic fluid, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of EAU, performed by emergency physician with limited training on patients suffering from upper abdominal pain had a significant agreement with the RAU. However, more educations and cautions are warranted for diagnosing pericholecystic fluid and choledocholithiasis.

Avaliação ultra-sonográfica da apendicite aguda / Ultrasonographic evaluation of acute appendicitis

OBJETIVO: A apendicite aguda é a mais comum urgência cirúrgica abdominal. Na tentativa de aumentar a acurácia diagnóstica a ultra-sonografia abdominal tem sido observada como método sensível e específico. O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a ultra-sonografia do abdome no diagnóstico de apendicite aguda. MÉTODO: Um total de 138 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com suspeita diagnóstica admitidos no Hospital Municipal Djalma Marques foi estudado no período de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 1998. Todos os exames foram realizados na mesma instituição e havia 87 pacientes do sexo masculino (63,0 por cento) e 51 do sexo feminino (37,0 por cento) com idade variando de 11 a 81 anos (média de 28,4 anos). RESULTADOS: Dos 134 casos com diagnóstico comprovado cirurgicamente, o estudo ultra-sonográfico foi positivo em 114 (sensibilidade de 85,0 por cento). O apêndice foi visualizado como imagem longitudinal ou transversal maior do que 7mm em 75 dos 114 achados positivos (65,8 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Os autores concluem que a ultra-sonografia abdominal é um instrumento valioso no diagnóstico de apendicite aguda.

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is the most common disease leading to emergency abdominal surgery. Many diagnostic tools have been evaluated. Abdominal ultrasonography is sensitive and specific which increase diagnostic accuracy in acute appendicitis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. METHOD: A total of 138 patients underwent surgical treatment for suspected appendicitis admitted to the Hospital Municipal Djalma Marques from January 1997 to December 1998. All abdominal ultrasonography examinations were performed at same hospital. There were 87 male (63.0 percent) and 51 female (37.0 percent), and their ages ranged from 11 to 81 years (mean 28.4 years). RESULTS: Of the 134 patients with proved appendicitis at surgery the ultrasonographic diagnosis was positive in 114 (sensitivity of 85.0 percent). The appendix was visualized on a longitudinal or transverse image > 7mm in 75 patients of the 114 positive findings (65.8 percent). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that abdominal ultrasonography examination is a valuable tool in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

The Efficacy of Fetal Ultrasonography and Postnatal Abdominal Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Neonatal Abdominal Mass

PURPOSE: Most neonatal abdominal masses are benign in nature, but early detection and management is important to avoid the development of complications. So, we studied the causes of neonatal abdominal masses and the efficacy of ultrasonography for early detection and diagnosis. METHODS: We reviewed 36 newborn infants with abdominal masses who had been admitted to the nursery and Neonatal Intensive Cave Unit of Seoul National University Children' s Hospital from Jan. 1, 1989 to Dec. 31, 1995. RESULTS: The mean gestational age was 38 weeks and the male to female ratio was 22 : 14. All masses were benign and the most common etiology was hydronephrosis (41.7%). The following etiologies were multicystic dysplastic kidney, polycystic kidney, ovarian cyst, hemangioendothelioma, teratoma, meconium peritonitis, mesenteric cyst and intestinal duplication cyst. All except one were detected before the first 48hours, and among them, 32 cases (88.9%) detected antenatally. All patients except one who died shortly after birth, were examined by abdominal ultrasonography, and 31 of 35 masses (88.6%) had the same diagnosis of ultrasonography. Five cases had associated abnormalities in the opposite kidney and other organs. CONCLUSION: The most common etiology of neonatal abdominal masses was hydronephrosis and majority of masses originated from genitourinary system. Most abdominal masses were detected antenatally and abdominal ultrasonography was an efficient method for the diagnosis of neonatal abdominal masses.

The Role of an Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In 1977, Teele and Smith reported their positive experience using an ultrasonographic in the evaluation of Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (CHPS). Since that time, ultrasonography has been advocated by some as the diagnostic procedure of choice, although a number of false-negative cases have been encountered at any rate, in 1994, Becker reported that an endoscopy was far more accurate than an ultrasonography, the diagnosis being made in 97% and 81% of the cases. Therefore, we performed a prospective study to evaluate the diagnostic value of an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in CHPS patients. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 12 pediatric patients experiencing vomiting, who had visited Pusan National University Hospital from January 1993 to March 1997. We performed on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography simultaneously in order to evaluate the diagnostic value of an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in CHPS patients. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 11: 1. In 7 of 12 patients, 58%, vomited within 4 weeks after birth. Diagnostic sensitivity by abdominal ultrasonography was about 75%, and by upper GI endoscopy, almost 100%. Associated lesions were discovered in 5 cases, 3 esophagitis and 2 gastritis in the upper GI endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The upper GI endoscopy was more accurate in the diagnosis of CHPS than the ultrasonography, and was more effective in the diagnosis of associated lesions.

Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Children

PURPOSE: Accurate clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis is more difficult in children since they may not be able to communicate their complaints adequately, and findings on physical examination may be nonspecific.The uncertainty in diagnosis may lead to a delay of surgery or to unnecessary laparotomy. Prompt diagnosis is important due to their complications such as perforation, abscess formation, and peritonitis. The authors conducted this study in order to find out usefulness of ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. METHODS: The authors was performed ultrasonographical examination to 290 children with abdominal pain under the age of 15 during a recent 16-months period from January 1994 to April 1995. High-resolution ultrasonography was used according to the graded compression method. The ultrasonographic findings were correlated with pathologic outcome in 87 cases. RESULTS: 1) Among 290 patients with abdominal pain, acute appendicitis was 81 cases (27.9%), and there were mesenteric lymphadenitis, terminal ileitis, intussusception, acute gastroenteritis, and nonspecific findings. 2) Sex ratio of acute appendicitis was 1.53:1. The acute appendicitis was occurred 13.6% in under the age of 5 and 86.4% in over the age of 6. Mean age was 10.6 3) The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain followed by vomiting, fever, nausea, and diarrhea. 4) Leukocytosis (>10,000/cu.mm) was occurred in 71 of 81 (87.7%) cases of acute appendicitis and 24 of 28 (85.7%) cases of acute appendicitis with perforation. 5) The perforation rate was higher in delayed diagnosis and in younger children. 6) Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 97.5%, specificity of 96.2%, positive predictive value of 90.8%, and negative predictive value of 99.0% on diagnosis in acute appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS: Upon the above results, the authors were able to conclude that graded compression ultrasonography had high sensitivity and specificity and was useful for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children. And the ultrasonography can be applied as rapid, noninvasive, and well-tolerated investigation. So, it has diagnostic value as screening test in children whose chief complaint is abdominal pain.

Consistency Analysis in the Use of Abdominal Ultrasonography for Diagnosing Schistosomiasis japonica-Related Morbidity / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Objective To explore the consistency among different indices of abdominal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica-related morbidity and the best combination of the indices. Methods Six indices of abdominal ultrasonography were selected to investigate schistosomiasis-related morbidity in residents in a village of Hunan Province, and the Kappa coefficients of diagnostic consistency among different indices and Cronbach's alpha coefficients of different combinations of indices were computed. Results The Kappa coefficients of 'liver parenchyma≥gradeⅡ' with 'right midclavicular subcostal' and with 'portal vein diameter' were 0