RESUMEN
Objetivo: frente al creciente problemática de salud pública que representan las lesiones causadas por el tránsito, es necesario generar soluciones que aumenten la seguridad en el sistema de transporte vial. Para esto, es imperante investigar a fondo los factores asociados a la ocurrencia de siniestros viales. Materiales y métodos: este estudio analizó diversos siniestros ocurridos en dos ciudades de Colombia, utilizando la metodología DREAM 3.0 (Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method), que busca categorizar todas las causas asociadas a un incidente vial asignándoles diferentes niveles de relevancia para la ocurrencia del mismo. La metodología utiliza la observación en escena como fuente de información y clasifica los factores en tres grupos: humanos, tecnológicos y organizacionales. Resultados: en Ibagué, se encontraron accidentes hasta con 20 causas desencadenantes involucradas, el valor más recurrente fue de 9 causas (19%), seguidos por siniestros con 12 causas involucradas (18%). Se obtuvo un solo caso con una sola causa asociada. Para el caso de Valledupar, de manera similar se encontraron eventos hasta con 18 causas desencadenantes involucradas, fue más común encontrar siniestros con 12 causas involucradas (21%) y con 11 causas involucradas (14%). Los incidentes con menores causas asociadas fueron con 8 y 9 causas (3% cada una). En ambas ciudades se ratifica el precepto de la multicausalidad de los siniestros de tránsito. Conclusiones: se encontró que para las ciudades los factores humanos son los que más contribuyen con la ocurrencia de siniestros viales, agravados por claras deficiencias en infraestructura y algunos problemas organizacionales..(AU)
Objective: faced with the growing public health problem that represent the Road Traffic Injuries, it is necessary to start generating solutions that increase road safety transport system. For this, it is essential to investigate deeply the factors associated with the occurrence of road crashes. Materials and methods: this study analyzed several road incidents in two cities in Colombia using the DREAM 3.0 method (Driving Reliability and Error Analysis Method). This method seeks to categorize all causes associated with a road incident, assigning different levels of relevance to the factor in the occurrence of the event. The method uses on site observation as the main source of information, and classifies the factors into three main groups: human, technological and organizational. Results: in Ibague, there were found accidents with up to 20 genotypes (contributing factors) involved; the most recurring number of factors for a crash was 9 (19%), followed by events with 12 factors involved (18%). There was found only one accident with just one related genotype. Similarly, in Valledupar, the study found events with up to 18 genotypes involved, and it was more frequent to find events with 12 factors involved (21%), followed by those with 11 (14%). The incidents with the least number of genotypes related had 8 and 9 (3% each one). For both cities, the study allowed the ratification of the precept that road traffic incidents are multi-causal. Conclusions: it was found that for these cities, the human factors are the major contributors to the occurrence for incidents of traffic, aggravated by clear deficiencies in infrastructure and some organizational problems..(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , PoblaciónRESUMEN
Trata-se de estudo qualitativo feito em hospital universitário, cujo objetivo foi analisar o trabalho de auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, categoria mais numerosa entre os profissionais de saúde e mais sujeita à incidência de acidentes de trabalho. Este hospital conta com um pouco mais de 2.000 profissionais de enfermagem. Foram utilizados dois métodos de análise. 1) A Análise Coletiva do Trabalho (ACT), que consiste em reuniões com pequenos grupos de trabalhadores explicando seu trabalho. Foram realizadas quatro reuniões, com 34 participantes, quase todos do sexo feminino; 2) O Modelo de Análise e Prevenção de Acidentes (MAPA), que foi utilizado para compreender um acidente ocorrido em uma das clínicas do hospital, com um acidentado que aceitou participar do estudo. Os resultados revelaram que as rotinas de trabalho caracterizam-se por rol de tarefas de cuidados aos pacientes, marcado por grande variabilidade no cotidiano de suas atividades constantemente interrompidas com sobreposição de tarefas decorrentes de demandas urgentes, além de problemas em aspectos organizacionais na situação que originou o acidente, bem como, a fragilidade do sistema de gestão de segurança do trabalho no hospital.
Abstract The present qualitative study was carried out in a university hospital, with the purpose of analyzing the work of nursing assistants and technicians, the most numerous category among health professionals and more prone to accidents in the workplace. This hospital has little more than 2.000 nurses. Two methods of analysis were used. 1) The Collective Analysis of Work (ACT - Análise Coletiva do Trabalho), consists of meetings with small groups of workers who explain their work. Four meetings were scheduled, and 34 participants, almost all of them females, attended. 2) The Model for Analysis and Prevention of Accidents (MAPA), a unique method for the occupational accidents analysis was held in one of the hospital clinics, with an injured worker that agreed to participate. The results revealed that work routines consist of a list of patients care tasks, characterized by a great variability in their daily work schedule. Many interruptions and overlapping tasks arise from urgent demands, besides issues in the organizational aspects of the situation that engendered the accident, as well as the fragility of the system of work safety in the hospital.