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OBJECTIVE：To identi fy chemical components of Actinidia chinensis root rapidly ，and to provide reference for further material basis and quality control study of the crude medicine. METHODS ：UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique was used to detect chemical components of A. chinensis root. The separation was performed on Waters XSelect HSS T 3 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid acetonitrile solution- 0.1％ formic acid water solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 40 ℃，and sample size was 3 μL. Electrospray ion source was adopted，the data was collected under negative ion mode ；the scanning range was m/z 50-1 500；the drying gas temperature was 350 ℃，the atomizing air pressure was 45 psi，the capillary voltage was 3 500 V，and sheath gas temperature was 350 ℃. According to the information of excimer ion and secondary fragment ion ，the chemical components were identified by combining with the relevant literature ，the retention time of the reference substance and the law of mass spectrometry cracking. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Totally 58 chemical components was identified ，which included 16 pentacyclic triterpenes （such as hydroxyasiatic acid ，asiatic acid ，maslinic acid，corosolic acid ，oleanic acid ，ursolic acid ，etc.），12 flavonoids（such as rutin ，quercitrin，cynaroside，astragalin，etc.），17 organic acids （such as cryptochlorogenic acid ，chlorogenic acid ，isochlorogenic acid A ，isochlorogenicacid C ，etc.）. There were 9 components（such as procydanidin B 1，B2 and luteolin ，etc.）identified for the first time in A. chinensis root. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/ MS technique can be used for the rapid identification of chemical components in A. chinensis root.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical components of the root of Actinidia chinensis. METHODS: The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Ten compounds were obtained from the aqueous extracts of the root of Actinidia chinensis. The structures were determined as chlorogenic acid(1), crptochlorogenic acid(2), neochlorogenic acid(3), 3-O-coumaroylquinic acid(4), caffeic acid(5), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(6), esculin(7), scopolelin(8), scopolin(9), and isofraxoside(10). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-4, 6, and 8-10 are obtained from genus Actinidia for the first time and compund 5 is isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Objective: To explore the effect of Actinidia chinensis polysaccharide (ACP) on apoptosis of MFC cells and their orthotopic transplanted tumor of gastric cancer and the molecular mechanism. Methods: MTT method was used to detect the inhibitory rate of ACP on MFC cell proliferation and the expression of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bak, and Bcl-xl protein was detected by Western blotting; The model of orthotopic transplanted tumor of gastric cancer was established with OB anastomosis adhesive stick method; Cell apoptosis in tumor tissue was detected by TUNEL method; The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results: MTT results showed that with the increasing of ACP concentration, the inhibition of ACP on MFC cell proliferation became stronger and with the prolongation of time, the inhibition was increasing. Western blotting showed that ACP would downregulate the expression of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl protein and upregulate the expression of Bak protein when the MFC cells were treated for 24 h by ACP. The animal experiment showed that compared with the model group, the average positive indexes of ACP in mid- and high-dose ACP and 5-FU positive control groups in the detection of apoptosis by TUNEL were significantly increased (P < 0.01); Meanwhile, in all ACP groups the expression of Bcl-2 could be reduced and the expression of Bax was upregulated significantly (P < 0.01). Conclusion: ACP could induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, downregulate the expression of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl protein, and upregulate the expression of Bak and Bax protein, prompting that the antitumor mechanism of ACP is related with the apoptosis pathway in which the Bcl-2 family proteins are involved.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Actinidia chinensis. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Eight compounds were obtained from the aqueous extract of the roots of Actinidia chinensis.. The structures were determined as(-)-epi-catechin(1), (+)-catechin(2), fraxetin(3), escaletin(4), protocatechuic aldehyde(5), (-)-epi-catechin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), erythro-1, 2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1, 3-propanediol(7), and threo-1, 2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1, 3-propanediol(8). CONCLUSION: Compounds 3 - 8 are isolated from the roots of Actinidia chinensis for the first time.
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The aim of this work was to study proteolytic activity of actinidin in comparison with chymosin and ficin on bovine milk substrate. The specific activities of purified ficin and actinidin were 7.9 and 8.3 unit/mg protein, respectively. The optimum clotting activity of both actinidin and ficin was at 45°C, although chymosin was relatively less sensitive to temperature. Increasing CaCl2 concentration resulted in an enhancement of the clotting activities of all coagulating enzymes, this effect noticeable for ficin. In ficin treated sample significant decrease of bands intensity in the range 25-30 KD and appearance of some of κ- casein in 20 KD regions was observed by using SDS-PAGE. In conclusion, the chymosin and actinidin gave similar relative activity at different temperatures, pH values and CaCl2 concentrations for bovine milk substrate. Comparable electrophoresis profile of actinidin, ficin and chymosin by analysis of the whey with SDS-PAGE indicates that actinidin could be a potential alternative for chymosin.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the root of Actinidia chinensis. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral methods. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as γ-quinide (1), stearyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), daucosterol (3), (-)-epi-catechin (4), 2α,3α,24-trihydr-oxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 3-epi-corosolic acid (6), ursolic acid (7), n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (8), sucrose (9), lignocericacid (10), and β-steriol (11). Conclusion: Compound 1 is isolated for the first tine as natural substance, and compounds 2,8, and 10 are isolated from A. chinensis for the first time.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da atmosfera controlada sobre a ocorrência da degenerescência da polpa, de sabor e aroma alcoólico no quivi cultivar "Bruno" e a relação destes parâmetros com a taxa respiratória e o quociente respiratório. Os tratamentos foram 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5kPa O2, combinados com 8, 12 e 16kPa CO2. A incidência de degenerescência da polpa e de frutos com aroma alcoólico foi menor nos frutos armazenados com 8kPa de CO2, independente do nível de O2. A taxa respiratória dos frutos foi menor nos tratamentos com 16kPa de CO2 e o quociente respiratório apresentou os maiores valores no tratamento com 0,5kPa de O2 combinado com 16kPa de CO2. A taxa respiratória correlacionou-se negativamente com a incidência de degenerescência da polpa e com a presença de aroma alcoólico. O quociente respiratório apresentou uma correlação positiva com a degenerescência da polpa e com a incidência de aroma alcoólico. Segundo a análise sensorial, os tratamentos com 1,0 e 1,5kPa de O2, combinados com 8kPa de CO2, não induziram a formação de sabor alcoólico nos frutos.
This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of controlled atmosphere on the internal breakdown, alcoholic taste and flavor in æBrunoÆ kiwifruits and the relationship between these parameters and the rate and respiratory quotient. The treatments were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5kPa O2 combined with 8, 12 and 16kPa CO2. The internal breakdown and occurrence of fruits with flavor was lower at 8kPa of CO2 independent of O2 level. Respiration rate of fruits was lower at treatments with 16kPa of CO2 and the respiratory quotient showed highest values at treatment with 16kPa of CO2. The respiration rate was negatively correlated with internal breakdown and flavor incidence. The respiratory quotient showed a positive correlation with internal breakdown and alcoholic aroma incidence. According to sensory analysis, the treatments with 1.0 and 1.5kPa of O2 combined with 8kPa of CO2 did not induce the of flavor taste in fruits.
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Aim To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of the extract from the root of Actinidia chinensis planch in vitro and in vivo. Methods Active components from the root of Actinidia chinensis planch were isolated by traditional phytochemical techniques. The in vitro anti-tumor activity was determined by sulforhodamine B assay and the in vivo anti-tumor activity was evaluated using experimental mouse tumor models and human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Results Powdered air-dried roots of Actinidia chinensis planch were percolated with methanol at room temperature thrice. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness in vacuo and then was further extracted with ethyl acetate, n-butanol , and chloroform. The fraction extracted by chloroform displayed the most potent activity against several tumor cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells, non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells, lymphoma Ramos cells, and breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Further more, the anti-tumor efficacy of the chloroform fraction was confirmed in Bel-7402 xenografts in nude mice with the percentage inhibition of 38.0 %. Conclusion The extract of the root of Actinidia chinensis planch has anti-tumor activity, and the active components are mainly in the fraction extracted by chloroform.
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A model system which simulated the conditions of the human stomach was used in the experiments. Precursors NaNO2 and MNG formed MNNG and resulted in the positive mutagenic response to Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. When the concentration of the precursors was 50 mM NaNO2 and 100 mM MNG, the induced average number of revertant per plate was 4327 showed an approximate twenty fold spontaneous revertants. With diluting of the precursors, the mutagenic response was lower, showing a dose-response relationship between the mutagenic activity and the precursors concentration. It was found that, when precursor concentration was lower than 22.2 mM NaNO2 and 44.4 mM MNG, the formation of MNNG was blocked completely by the Chinese Kiwi fruit juice and mutation was inhibited. In the same concentration without the Chinese Kiwi fruit juice, the induced revertant was an approximate 13 fold of the spontaneous revertant. The Chinese Kiwi fruit could not block the formation of the MNNG when the precursors concentration was higher than 33.3 mM NaNO2, but it inhibited the mutagenic activity partly. Compared with the Chinese Kiwi fruit juice, the effect of the ascorbic acid solution in the same concentration was much less.It was demonstrated with TLC that MNNG was formed in the model system.
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In order to observe the effect of Actinidia chinensis Planch fruit juice on blocking the formation of N-nitrosamide in vivo, 99 pregnant Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The rats of each group were orally given ni-trosamide precursor ethylurea (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 4.00 mmol/kg) and NaNO2 (0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 mmol/kg) respectively once a day for three days, on the 7th, 8th and 9th day of pregnancy. Half of the rats in. each group were administrated two precursors and a 4% starch solution, while the other half were administrated two precursors and the tested fruit juice.In the groups without the juice, NEU was formed in vivo, which led to a high mortality of embryos. The embryolethality was 5.21%, 43.66%, 71.7%, 85.8% and 100% respectively, and 4 pregnant rats died in the highest dosage group. However, the rats who received both the two precursors and the tested fruit juice, the living embryos and embryolethality were similar to the control groups except the highest dosage group. The none treatment group and groups only given one of the precursors were done as control groups. The results suggested that the concentrated juice could block the formation of NEU in vivo and prevent the embryotoxicity of NEU.
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This paper deals with the inhibitory effects of Actinidia chinensis Planch (AC) on the formation of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO). In self-control studies, 15 male rats and 10 healthy men were the subjects. It was found that AC juice inhibited formation of NPRO in vivo in rats (inhibitory rate, 59.6%), and the effect was better than the same amount of a vitamin C (VC) solution (41.8%); and 150g AC fruit containing 75mg VC could completely inhibit the NPRO formation in vivo in men ingesting 300mg NaNO3 and 500mg L-proline, but 75mg VC only partially inhibited.
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This paper deals with the inhibitory effect of Actinidia chinensis Planch (AC) juice on the formation of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) in pregnant rats and women. In 21 Wistar pregnant rats and 27 pregnant women studies, it was found that NPRO formed in vivo might be transferred into the fetus, and AC juice might block it by inhibiting the NPRO formation in vivo. This was the first time to report that N-nitrosamino acid could be transferred into the fetus
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The inhibitory effect of Actinidia chinensis Planch(ACP) juice on the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) in the subjects from a high-risk area for gastric cancer were observed. Total concentration of volatile N-nitrosamines(VNA)in fasting gastric juice and 24-h urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) were used as indices of endogenous exposure. After iagestion of 30 ml ACP juice the average total VNA concentration was significantly decreased from 2.08?1.06?g/L to 0.42?0.43?g/L (p