Pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido recreativo en adolescentes. Revisión de literatura / Recreational noise induced hearing loss in adolescents. Literature review / Perda auditiva induzida por ruído recreativo em adolescentes. Revisão de literatura / Perte auditive due au bruit de nature récréative chez les adolescents. Revue de la littérature

Resumen Objetivo Describir las variables relacionadas con el estado auditivo, conductas de riesgo y aspectos sociodemográficos en adolescentes y adultos expuestos a ruido de ocio de acuerdo a la literatura. Material y métodos Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las plataformas EBSCO®, SCOPUS®, PubMed® y ScienceDirect®, utilizando términos MeSH mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda en común: (((hearing loss[MeSHTerms] AND (Humans[Mesh] AND ( adolescent[MeSH] OR young adult[MeSH] ) ))) AND (noise induced hearing loss[MeSHTerms] AND (Humans[Mesh] AND (adolescent[MeSH] OR young adult[MeSH] ) ))) AND (leisure activities[MeSHTerms] AND (Humans[Mesh] AND ( adolescent[MeSH] OR young adult[MeSH] ) )) Filters: Humans. Sólo se incluyeron 14 artículos originales. Resultados La prevalencia de hipoacusia neurosensorial por exposición a ruido recreativo fluctuó entre 21% y 30.3%, con mayor alteración de los umbrales auditivos en hombres. Las frecuencias alteradas se centraron en los 4 y 8 kHz en la audiometría convencional, con umbrales audiométricos que alcanzaron hasta 30 dB. La audiometría de alta frecuencia presentó mayores alteraciones entre las frecuencias 9 y 16 kHz. Las actividades recreativas más frecuentes fueron el uso de dispositivos de escucha personal y asistencia a discotecas, alcanzando niveles de ruido que oscilaron entre 80 y 110 dB; mientras que la exposición semanal varió entre 2.9 y 6,2 horas. Los estudios exponen que el ruido intenso en actividades de ocio no es percibido como molesto por los sujetos expuestos. Conclusiones La pérdida auditiva por exposición a ruido recreacional genera aumento progresivo del umbral, pudiendo manifestarse una hipoacusia neurosensorial leve, generalmente desapercibida por los sujetos expuestos.

Abstract Object To describe the variables related to auditory status, risk behaviors and sociodemographic aspects in adolescents and adults exposed to leisure noise according to the literature. Materials and methods A literature search was performed on the EBSCO®, SCOPUS®, PubMed® and ScienceDirect® platforms, using MeSH terms using the following common search strategy: (((hearing loss [MeSH Terms] AND (Humans [Mesh] AND (adolescent [MeSH] OR young adult [MeSH])))) AND (noise induced hearing loss [MeSH Terms] AND (Humans [Mesh] AND (adolescent [MeSH] OR young adult [MeSH])))) AND (leisure activities [MeSH Terms] AND (Humans [Mesh] AND (adolescent [MeSH] OR young adult [MeSH]))) Filters: Humans. Only 14 original articles were included. Results The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss due to exposure to recreational noise ranged between 21% and 30.3%, with greater alteration in hearing thresholds in men. The altered frequencies were centered at 4 and 8 kHz in conventional audiometry, with audiometric thresholds that reached up to 30 dB. High frequency audiometry showed greater alterations between frequencies 9 and 16 kHz. The most frequent recreational activities were the use of personal listening devices and assistance to discotheques, reaching noise levels that oscillated between 80 and 110 dB; while the weekly exposure varied between 2.9 and 6.2 hours. Studies show that intense noise in leisure activities is not perceived as annoying by the exposed subjects. Conclusion Hearing loss due to exposure to recreational noise generates a progressive increase in the threshold, and mild sensorineural hearing loss may occur, generally unnoticed by the exposed subjects.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever as variáveis relacionadas ao status auditivo, comportamentos de risco e aspectos sociodemográficos em adolescentes e adultos expostos ao ruído do lazer de acordo com a literatura. Material e métodos Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas plataformas EBSCO®, SCOPUS®, PubMed® e ScienceDirect®, usando termos MeSH, usando a seguinte estratégia de busca comum: ((((perda auditiva [Termos MeSH] AND (Humans [Mesh ] AND (adolescente [MeSH] OU adulto jovem [MeSH])))) AND (perda auditiva induzida por ruído [Termos MeSH] AND (Humanos [Mesh] AND (adolescente [MeSH] OU adulto jovem [MeSH]))) AND (atividades de lazer [Termos MeSH] AND (Humanos [Mesh] AND (adolescente [MeSH] OU adulto jovem [MeSH])))) Filtros: Humanos. Apenas 14 artigos originais foram incluídos. Resultados A prevalência de perda auditiva neurossensorial por exposição ao ruído recreativo flutuou entre 21% e 30,3%, com maior alteração dos limiares auditivos nos homens. As frequências alteradas foram centralizadas em 4 e 8 kHz na audiometria convencional, com limiares audiométricos que atingiam até 30 dB. A audiometria de alta frequência mostrou maiores alterações entre as frequências de 9 e 16 kHz. As atividades recreativas mais frequentes foram o uso de aparelhos de escuta pessoal e atendimento a clubes, atingindo níveis de ruído que variavam de 80 a 110 dB; enquanto a exposição semanal variou entre 2,9 e 6,2 horas. Estudos mostram que o ruído intenso nas atividades de lazer não é percebido como irritante pelos sujeitos expostos. Conclusões A perda auditiva devido à exposição ao ruído recreativo gera um aumento progressivo do limiar, e a perda auditiva neurossensorial leve pode se manifestar, geralmente despercebida pelos sujeitos expostos.

Résumé Objectif Décrire, selon la littérature, les relations entre les variables état de l'audition, comportements à risque et aspects sociodémographiques, chez les adolescents et les adultes exposés au bruit lors d'activités de loisirs. Matériel et méthodes Une recherche bibliographique a été effectuée sur les plateformes EBSCO®, SCOPUS®, PubMed® et ScienceDirect®,enutilisant les termes MeSH et la même stratégie de recherche : (((hearingloss [MeSH Terms] AND (Humans [Mesh] AND (adolescent [MeSH] OR youngadult [MeSH])))) AND (noise inducedhearingloss [MeSH Terms] AND (Humans [Mesh] AND (adolescent [MeSH] OR youngadult [MeSH])))) AND (leisureactivities [MeSH Terms] AND (Humans [Mesh] AND (adolescent [MeSH] OR youngadult [MeSH]))) Filters: Humans. Seulement 14 articles originaux ont été inclus. Résultats La prévalence de la perte auditive neurosensorielle dueàl'exposition au bruit de nature récréative a varié entre 21% et 30,3%,avec une altération majeure des seuils auditifs chez les hommes. Les fréquences affectées se sont situées entre 4 et 8 kHz dans l'audiométrie conventionnelle, avec des seuils pouvant atteindre 30 dB. L'audiométrie haute fréquence a montré de plus grandes altérations entre les fréquences 9 et 16 kHz. Les activités récréatives les plus fréquentes ont été l'utilisation d'appareils audio personnels et la fréquentation de discothèques, avec des niveaux de bruit oscillant entre 80 et 110 dB; tandis que l'exposition hebdomadaire a varié entre 2,9 et 6,2 heures. Les études montrent que le bruit intense dans les activités de loisirs n'est pas perçu comme gênant par les sujets qui y sontexposés. Conclusions La perte auditive par exposition au bruit de nature récréative génère une augmentation progressive du seuil. Une légère perte auditive neurosensorielle peut survenir, généralement non perçue par les sujets exposés.

Aulas investigativas e a construção de conceitos de matemática: um estudo a partir da teoria de Piaget / Investigative classes and construction of concepts of mathematics: a study of Piaget's theory / Des cours investigatifs et la construction des concepts de mathématiques: une étude de la théorie de Piaget / Clases investigativas y la construcción de conceptos de matemáticas: un estudio a partir de la teoría de Piaget

O estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa e colaborativa que tem o objetivo de compreender o processo de construção dos conceitos de Matemática dos estudantes por meio de atividades de investigação, pois pesquisas apontam que essas atividades mobilizam os estudantes a aprender de acordo com sua idade e amadurecimento. A fundamentação teórica foi a teoria de Piaget no que tange aos conceitos de equilibração e abstração reflexionante. O método constituiu-se da observação das aulas e atividades investigativas e das resoluções destas, realizadas em conjunto por seis estudantes do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola municipal de Porto Alegre, em 2013. Os dados foram organizados em categorias relativas à interpretação, à resolução e à argumentação, articulando os elementos do cenário investigativo com o Método Clínico de Piaget. Destaca-se como resultado da pesquisa a compreensão da forma como os estudantes constroem o conceito de múltiplos e divisores de um número natural nessas aulas...

The study is a qualitative and collaborative research that aims to understand the construction process of concepts of mathematics students through research activities, as the research indicates that these activities mobilize students to learn according to their age and maturity. The theoretical framework was Piaget's theory in relation to concepts of equilibration and reflective abstraction. The method consisted of observation of classes and investigative activities and its resolutions collectively done by six students from the 6^th grade of a public school in Porto Alegre, in 2013. The data were organized into categories relating to interpretation and argument resolution, articulating the elements of investigative scenario with Piaget's Clinical Method. It stands out as a result of research, the understanding of how students construct the concept of multiple divisors of a natural number in these classes...

Cette étude est une recherche collaborative et qualitative, qui vise à comprendre le processus de construction des concepts d'étudiants en mathématiques à travers les activités d'investigation, car les recherches indiquent que ces activités encouragent les étudiants à apprendre en fonction de leur âge et maturité. Le cadre théorique a été la théorie de Piaget concernant les concepts d'équilibre et d'abstraction réfléchissante. On a utilisé la méthode d'observation des cours et d'activités d'enquête et résolutions realisées par six élèves ensemble, étudiants d'une école primaire publique à Porto Alegre, en 2013. Les données ont été organisés en catégories liées à l'interprétation, la résolution et l'argumentation, en articulant les éléments du scénario d'investigation avec la Méthode Clinique de Piaget. Comme résultat de la recherche, on met en évidence la compréhension de la façon dont les élèves construisent le concept de multiples et diviseurs d'un nombre naturel dans ces cours...

Este estudio es una investigación cualitativa y colaborativa, que tiene como objetivo comprender el proceso de construcción de los conceptos de matemáticas de los estudiantes mediante actividades de investigación, pues pesquisas indican que esas actividades movilizan los estudiantes a aprender de acuerdo a su edad y madurez. La fundamentación teórica fue la teoría de Piaget sobre los conceptos de equilibrio y la abstracción reflexionante. El método utilizado fue la observación de clases, actividades de investigación y resoluciones de seis estudiantes agrupados del 6º año de la educación primaria de una escuela municipal de Porto Alegre en 2013. Los datos fueron organizados en categorías relativas a interpretación, resolución y argumentación, articulando los elementos del escenario investigativo con el Método Clínico de Piaget. El resultado de la pesquisa fue la comprensión de cómo los estudiantes construyen el concepto de múltiplos y divisores de un número natural en las clases...

Analysis of the factors affecting activities of daily life of patients with cerebral infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the factors affecting the activities of daily life (AOL) of patients after the first stroke of cerebral infarction in order to formulate the intervention strategy for improving the capability of ADL of patients. Method A total of 149 patients with the first stroke of cerebral infarction admitted from Oct. 2008 to Dec.2008 were enrolled in this study. The demographics of patients, cerebral infarction risk factors, apopletic score as per National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), white blood cell count (WBC) and plasma glucose (PG) were recorded on the first day of admission, and many other laboratory examinations were done on the next morning. The occurrences of infection in lung and urinary tract, and atrial fibrillation were recorded during hospi-talization. The NIHSS score and score of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were taken within 24 hours after admission, on the 14th day and at the end of the third month after cerebral infarction respectively. Barthel index (BI) was taken in the second week as well as at the end of third month by follow-up in the OPD or by telephone. The correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to find the risk factors. Results The PG level, WBC count and NIHSS score were independently associated with ADL in the second week as well as at the end of the third month after cerebral infarction. Besides, the urinary tract infection during hospital stay was also independently associated with ADL at the end of the third month after cerebral infarction. Conclusions The plasma glucose level, WBC count, NIHSS score and urinary tract infection are the risk factors. Positive measures should be taken to control these risk factors so as to improve the capability of ADL of the patients after cerebral infarction.