Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics on calves' sale price on the western border of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Impacto de características fenotípicas e genotípicas no preço de venda de bezerros na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

ABSTRACT: The demand for beef cattle with specific traits is evident from sales in auctions. While purchasing, buyers consider individual traits (e.g., muscularity, frame, racial composition, and weight) as predictors of quality, and adjust their bids according to their preferences. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of phenotypic and racial characteristics in determining the final sale price of calves of beef cattle in official auctions at the western border of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Five-hundred and seven lots of calves sold in calf auctions from five cities on the western border of Rio Grande do Sul were evaluated. The assignment of visual scores was based on their genetic group, frame, muscularity, and coat. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% significance level were performed for comparing the final average prices. Variables with the greatest impact on price were the genetic group and the size of the animals. Animals of synthetic breeds obtained higher value in the three years studied and animals without racial definition showed considerable devaluation and a decrease in supply. Larger animals had less value.

RESUMO: A busca por animais com características específicas é evidenciada na comercialização em leilões, em que, ao analisar os animais, compradores consideram as características individuais (musculosidade, frame, composição racial, peso) como preditor de qualidade e ajustam seus lances conforme suas preferências. Dessa forma, o presente estudo buscou avaliar o impacto de características fenotípicas e de padrão racial na composição do preço final de venda de bezerros comercializados em feiras oficiais na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram avaliados 507 lotes de bezerros comercializados nas feiras de terneiros de cinco municípios da região da Fronteira Oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a atribuição de escores visuais, considerou-se grupo genético, frame, musculosidade e pelagem dos animais. Foi realizada a análise de variância e a comparação dos preços finais médios pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. As variáveis de maior impacto no preço foram grupo genético e tamanho dos animais. Animais de raças sintéticas obtiveram valorização superior nos três anos Estudados, considerável desvalorização e queda na oferta de animais sem definição racial. Os menores valores foram atribuídos a animais de tamanho grande.

Research on the added value of CT values mean the critical value of sensitivity analysis in the clinical diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone / 中国医学装备

Objective:To investigate the CT value added value of the mean of critical value in the diagnosis of giant cell tumor clinical sensitivity.Methods: Aretrospective analysis, selected from March 2013 to November 2014, the clinical data of 120 patients with bone tumors treated, they can be divided into two groups at random, control group and the observer, 60 cases in each group, observer for patients with giant cell tumor of bone, the control for the patients with giant cell tumor of bone. Each patient chose three ROI, the added value of the mean values of enhanced CT and CT values mean as observed values, under the experience of observation analysis of patients with giant cell tumor of the added value of CT values mean critical value and its sensitivity in the clinical diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone.Results: The observation group of patients after CT enhanced scan display area average CT value of HU(108±39)HU was significantly higher than the control group(82±78)HU CT value(t=3.348, P<0.05), statistically significant difference; Through the ROC curve analysis, found that when the added value of CT values mean acuity 96.5 as critical, sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of giant cell tumors of bone are 90.9% and 90.9% respectively; When the CT value added value of the mean acuity 41.5 HU as the critical point, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of giant cell tumor bone were 98.9%, 48.1% respectively.Conclusion: The bone giant cell average CT value added value of diagnosis of critical value of 96.5HU 41.5HU, and high sensitivity, but the specificity is low, the added value of CT values help determine the existence of the giant cell tumors of bone.

Actividades socioeconómicas en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica y posibles efectos de la variabilidad climática / Socio-economic activities at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica and possible effects of climate variability

Socioeconomic activities and their gross income in Isla del Coco National Park have been poorly evaluated and systematized, as well as the effects on them climate variability may have. A methodology that combines cluster analysis with a dynamic value chain was developed to identify the most important socioeconomic activities and quantify the gross income derived by the existence of Isla del Coco National Park. The possible effects of climate variability on these activities were also analyzed. A detailed literature review, consultation and interviews with researchers, entrepreneurs and tourists were conducted in order to apply the methodology. The main clusters of activities around this park are leisure and spiritual experiences, research and education, economic activities and park management. An approximation of the gross income from the activities carried out around the National Park in 2010 was calculated. The gross income generated at the national level was $5.7 million dollars and at the international level was $2.5 million dollars. The overall gross income was approximately $8.3 million dollars. But, if the natural resources being visited by tourists degrade due to the effects of climate variability these benefits could decrease by 30%.

Las actividades socioeconómicas y sus ingresos en el Parque Nacional Isla del Coco han sido poco evaluados y sistematizados, al igual que los efectos que sobre ellos pueda tener la variabilidad climática. empleó una metodología que combina análisis de conglomerados con una dinámica de valor agregado en una cadena productiva, para identificar las actividades socioeconómicas más importantes y cuantificar los ingresos que obtienen por la existencia del PNIC, además se analizó los posibles efectos de la variabilidad climática sobre estas actividades. Para lo anterior, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica detallada, consulta con empresarios, investigadores y turistas. Se obtuvo que los principales conglomerados de actividades alrededor del PNIC son la recreación y la vivencia espiritual, la investigación, las actividades económicas y la gestión y manejo del Parque. Se realizó una aproximación de las contribuciones de la existencia del PNIC en estos cuatro conglomerados en el 2010, y se obtuvo que la contribución el ámbito nacional fue de US$5.7 millones de dólares, el internacional de US$2.5 millones de dólares, el global del PNIC ascendió aproximadamente a US$8.3 millones de dólares. También se obtuvo que si los recursos naturales objeto de la visita de los turistas disminuyen debido a efectos de la variabilidad climática esto ingresos podrían disminuir en 30%.

Desempenho agronômico de espécies tradicionais e inovadoras da agricultura em semeadura de sucessão e entressafra no cerrado do planalto central brasileiro / Agronomic performance of traditional and innovative species for double and dry season copping in the brazilian savannah high lands

Sorgo, milho, milhetos, aveia preta, trigo, cevada, braquiária, nabo forrageiro, amaranto, quinoa, kenaf, gergelim, girassol, girassol selvagem, guandu e Crotalaria spectabilis, foram avaliados após o cultivo de primavera-verão e na entressafra, irrigada, no Cerrado do Planalto Central. O estudo objetivou a produção de biomassa com implicações na proteção e manejo do solo, aporte de forragem, grãos e outras matérias-primas com valor agregado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em três locais, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com genótipos previamente selecionados. As comparações se basearam nos seguintes parâmetros: ciclo (número de dias entre emergência e maturação), altura de plantas e produção de grãos e de biomassa. A diferença entre os dois locais pode ser atribuída às variações na fertilidade do solo. Algumas espécies mostraram maior estabilidade, como Brachiaria brizantha, sorgo, milheto e kenaf. O crescimento e a produção de biomassa não mostra efeito de fotoperíodo, exceto para gergelim. Os resultados indicam potencial de agregação de valor a espécies pouco exploradas na agricultura brasileira como amaranto, quinoa e kenaf.

Agronomic performance of sorghum, millets, maize, black oats, wheat, barley, brachiaria grass, forage turnip, grain amaranth, quinoa, kenaf, sesame, sunflower, wild sunflower, pigeon pea and Crotalaria spectabilis was evaluated in sowings after summer cropping and winter, under irrigation in the Brazilian Savannah high lands. The study aimed at biomass production with impacts on soil protection and management, and source of forage, added value grains and raw material. Experiments in complete randomized blocks were conducted at three locations, with previously selected genotypes. Evaluations were based on the following parameters: plant cycle (number of days between emergence and maturity), plant height, biomass production and grain yield. Some species showed more yield stability, such as Brachiaria brizantha, sorghum, pearl millet and kenaf, and the difference for the two locations may be related to soil fertility. Plant growth and biomass production showed no effect of photoperiod, except for sesame. Grain yield indicates the potential for added value in less exploited crops for the Brazilian agriculture, such as quinoa and grain amaranth

Características no cognitivas, habitus y progreso del aprendizaje de Matemática en la Educación General Básica (EGB) de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (República Argentina) / Non cognitive characteristics, habitus, and progress learning in Mathematic of the Basic General Education (EGB) in Buenos Aires (República Argentina)

En el estudio que se informa se investigaron las relaciones entre progreso de aprendizaje (valor agregado), motivación y autoconcepto académico del alumno en Matemática, en el marco de los efectos de las características socioeconómicas y académicas del alumno y de su escuela. Para la medición del valor agregado se utilizaron los resultados de dos pruebas estandarizadas de Matemática aplicadas a una cohorte de alumnos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (República Argentina) en dos momentos diferentes (séptimo y noveno años de Educación General Básica - EGB). Las mediciones de motivación y de autoconcepto se basaron en respuestas a ítemes binarios de actitudes con respecto a Matemática y fueron definidas utilizando el análisis de la componente principal, a partir de la matriz de correlación tetracórica (método heurístico). Para el análisis de las correlaciones se utilizó la técnica estadística de modelos multinivel. El presente estudio relaciona los resultados empíricos con la teoría del habitus de Bourdieu. Inicialmente, el autoconcepto resulta significativa y positivamente asociado con el puntaje en la prueba y con el progreso de aprendizaje posterior. Este efecto continúa siendo significativo aun cuando se controlan los efectos del nivel socioeconómico y del género del alumno. Sin embargo, su capacidad explicativa es muy tenue desde el punto de vista práctico. Si bien este resultado confirmaría la hipótesis central de la teoría de la reproducción, indica un sendero a través del cual podrían producirse transformaciones. Uno de los desafíos del sistema educativo es promover el habitus escolar cultivado (autoconcepto) más allá de las determinaciones sociales, culturales y económicas.

The project examines the relationship between achievement, motivation and academic self-concept connected to Mathematic, related to the effect of academic and socioeconomic characteristics of both student and school. The study analyzes the results of two standardized Mathematic tests applied to students in General Basic Education of the Province of Buenos Aires (República Argentina) at two different stages (7th and 9th years), adopting the added value approach to learning progress. The structure of the data and the purpose of measuring the contextual effect of each school or group of students require adopting a multi-level strategy for statistical analysis. From a theoretical point of view, this study is an empirical proof of the hypothesis on habitus-determination (Bourdieu, 1977, 1988, 1989) in relation to both achievement and learning progress in Mathematic. The main components of the student's habitus, which are analyzed here, are self-concept and academic motivation. One relevant result of this study is that students' academic self-concept is significantly and positively associated to differences in learning achievement among students and schools. The higher the self-concept, the higher the achievement in Mathematic. Inter-school variations reflect the grade of institutional segmentation or school habitus. As to attitudes towards Mathematics at the initial stage (7th year) it was possible to explain 65.4% and 24.3% of the variation intra-school and inter-school, respectively, in the final academic achievement or learning progress at the final stage (9th year). Although the effect of self-concept overlaps with that of socioeconomic level and gender, its incidence is important. The stronger that attitude is, the stronger the progress of the student's later learning. The rate of students' progress increases with a more favourable social origin or male gender. The contextual analysis also allowed contrasting some hypothesis of this field of study. The initial achievement average (7th year) of students impacts positively on their subsequent progress average: the higher their initial level of achievement, the faster their later progress. This inference, however, did not obtain when the socioeconomic context of the school was included in the analysis. These results confirm the central hypotheses of reproduction theory. Although statistically significant, the characteristic effect of individual self-concept upon academic achievement and learning progress is very weak when students' social origin is taken into account. The school doesn't seem to promote the increase of individual deviations from a certain state of probabilities that are objectively granted by society to the student. The school aggregation of individual habitus merely overlaps and accompanies the explanation provided by the socioeconomic composition of the school. Differences in internal institutional processes of schools influenced by various dimensions, such as curricular goals, an organizational style of management, the culture and capabilities of educators and administrators, if they exist, cannot account for the differences and inequalities in the learning progress of students. Results illustrate the rationality of the educational system in secondary basic education. At the same time, they suggest paths whereby transformations could take place. Aspects of the cultivated habitus, affective or non-cognitive dimensions as academic self-concept, are relevant to understand the level of achievement and learning progress. The challenge for the system of education is to promote them beyond social, cultural and economic factors.