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The aim of the present review is to have an in-depth analysis of the published scientific literature relating to the clinical use of ademetionine in various etiologies of liver disease. Literature search was performed using electronic databases like Pubmed/Medline/others to identify studies on ademetionine in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug induced liver injury and viral hepatitis. Ademetionine has been studied in various etiologies of liver disease with varying dosing and durations. In patients with chronic and alcoholic liver disease, ademetionine was found to be beneficial in improving liver enzyme levels, increasing glutathione levels, improving signs and symptoms of fatigue, pruritus and jaundice. Positive effects of ademetionine therapy have also been documented in multiple studies in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with improvements observed in triglyceride, total cholesterol, alanine transaminase and asprtate transaminase levels and ultrasound grading of fatty change. In patients with drug induced liver injury, improvements were observed in liver biochemical markers and symptoms such as pruritus, fatigue and jaundice. Ademetionine has also been studied in patients with viral hepatitis with improvement in laboratory markers and signs and symptoms. Published data suggest that there is clinical evidence to substantiate the use of ademetionine across indications. Its use has resulted in sustained improvement in biochemical markers; signs and symptoms of liver disease has been observed in both acute and chronic liver disease. Further data is warranted through clinical studies to focus on specific end points of therapy areas, in existing and new indications.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and adenosine methionine combined with polyene phos-phatidylcholine on related indicators of pregnancy with intrahepatic cholestasis(ICP). METHODS:Medical information of 90 ICP female were analyzed retrospectively and divided into control group(45 cases)and observation group(45 cases)according to drug use. Control group was given Ursodeoxycholic acid tablet 300 mg orally,3 times a day+Transmetil for injection 1 g added into 5%Glucose injection 250 mL intravenously,once a day. Observation group was additionally given Polyene phosphatidylcholine injec-tion 15 mL added into 5% Glucose injection 250 mL intravenously,once a day,on the basis of control group. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 2 weeks. The itching score,the levels of serum total bile acid(TBA),ALT and AST,pregnancy outcome and the occurrence of ADR were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in itching score,the levels of TBA,ALT and AST between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,itching score,the levels of TBA,ALT and AST in 2 groups were significantly lower than before treatment,and the observation group was significant-ly lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The cesarean section rate,premature birth rate,fetal dis-tress rate and amniotic fluid rate of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Ursodeoxycholic acid,ademetionine combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine can effectively alleviate itching symptoms,liver function and pregnancy outcome of ICP patients,with good safety.
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Objective To observe the influence of ademetionine for the proteometabolism and fibrosis indexes of patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods110 patients with chronic hepatitis B in our hospital from January to December 2016 were randomly divided into control group(conventional treatment of hepatitis B group)55 cases and observation group(conventional treatment and ademetionine group)55 cases.The serum expression levels of proteometabolism and fibrosis indexes of two groups before the treatment and after the treatment were detected and compared.ResultsThe serum expression levels of proteometabolism and fibrosis indexes of two groups before the treatment were compared,there were no significant differences,while the serum expression levels of proteometabolism indexes of observation group after the treatment were all higher than those of control group,the serum expression levels of fibrosis indexes were all lower than those of control group,there were all significant differences(all P<0.05).ConclusionThe ademetionine can significantly improve the expression state of proteometabolism and fibrosis indexes of patients with chronic hepatitis B,so the application value for the patients with chronic hepatitis B is relatively higher.
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Objective This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate (SMT) against radiation injuries.Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into 7 groups,including normal control,irradiation-only,SMT administration-only,low-,medium-and high-dosages (250,500,1 000 mg·kg-1) of SMT pre-irradiation and high-dose of SMT post-irradiation in experimental groups.Blood and immunological experiments,organs index experiment and 30-day''s survival experiment were carried out to observe the protective effects of SMT on peripheral blood and immune system,organ index and the whole body injuries.Results Compared with irradiation-only group (4.23±1.16) ×109·L-1,the number of nucleated cells in bone marrow was (11.20±4.63) ×109·L-1 in the high dose of SMT pre-irradiation.The difference between two groups was significant.Compared with irradiation-only group (19.25±9.36),the colony forming unit-spleen was (39.00±7.57) in the high-dose SMT pre-irradiation group,there was a significant difference between the two groups.The index of liver,spleen,kidney and pancreas were significantly higher than those of the irradiation-only group in SMT administration groups.The survival rate of mice treated with SMT was increased,especially for the high dose group (46% lifted) when compared with irradiation-only group.Conclusion SMT can protect mice from radiation injuries.
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Objective:To study the efficacy of ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate enteric coated tables in the treatment of severe intrahepatic cholestasis in gestation period and its influence on liver function. Methods:From July 2013 to November 2014 in our hos-pital, 122 cases of severe intrahepatic cholestasis patients were divided into the observation group (61 cases) and the control group (61 cases) according to the admission order. The two groups of patients were given the conventional treatment, and the observation group was treated with ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate enteric coated tables additionally. The clinical efficacy, pruritus, perinatal child and pregnancy outcomes were observed after the treatment. The liver function in the two groups before and after the treatment was com-pared. Results:Before the treatment, TB, TBA, DB, AST and ALT in the two groups showed no significant difference (P>0. 05). After the treatment, TB[(22.7 ±4.3) μmol·L-1], TBA [(14.3 ± 3.4) μmol·L-1], DB[(5.3 ± 0.8)μmol·L-1], AST [(73.2 ±13.2)U·L-1] and ALT [(82.5 ±10.3)U·L-1] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the con-trol group[TB(28.3 ±4.8) μmol·L-1, TBA(21.5 ±5.2) μmol·L-1, DB(8.3 ±2.4) μmol·L-1, AST(245.1 ±38.3) U· L-1, ALT(221.4 ±37.4) U·L-1], and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). After the treatment, the total effec-tive rate in the observation group (96. 72%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (80. 33%), the degree of itching in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, the perinatal children and pregnancy outcomes in the ob-servation group were significantly better than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate enteric coated tables in the treatment of severe intrahepatic cholestasis during preg-nancy is effective with high security, which can significantly improve liver function, and is worthy of wide application.
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Objective To investigate the effect of ademetionine assisted therapy on transferrin ( TRF) , myocardial enzyme spectrum and bilirubin in serum of patients with icterus neonatorum.Methods 86 cases of neonatal jaundice in the hospital were randomly divided into two groups.43 cases in control group were treated with conventional therapy, 43 cases in experimental group were treated by ademetionine.Serum transferrin, myocardial enzymes, serum total bilirubin levels and clinical effects were compared pre-treatment and post-weat ment.ResuIts Compared with control group, the TRF level of experimental group was higher (P<0.05), the level of Aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and CK-MB in experimental group were lower (P<0.05), the total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) in experimental group were lower (P<0.05).The total effective rate in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (χ2 =8.53, P<0.05).ConcIusion Ademetionine assisted therapy has a good clinical curative effect and could effectively reduce serum TRF, DBIL and myocardial enzyme spectrum level, which has important significance in the treatment of neonatal jaundice.
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Clinical efficacy of liver lesion with the treatment of reduced glutathione and ademetionine was analyzed retrospectively. 83 patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the application of preventive hepatopro-tective drug. Control group was treated with reduced glutathione intravenous drip infusion once a day ( n =40 ) , while treatment group with reduced glutathione and ademetionine(Transmetil) once a day(n=43). After 12 days, the clinical efficacy of treatment group was better than that of control group. Total response rate was 95. 35% for treatment group, much better than that of control group(80. 00%). There was significant difference between two groups ( P<0.05 ) . Reduced glutathione and ademetionine are more effective in the treatment of chemotherapeutics-induced liver lesion than only with reduced glutathione.
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Objective To explore the effect of biliary stenting combined with ademetionine on malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods According to the digital table,60 patients of malignant obstructive jaundice were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group.The patients in the control group were treated with biliary stenting individually,and the observation group received biliary stenting and combined treatment with ademeotionine.The variety of liver function and C-reactive protein were observed.Results The liver function and index of Creactive protein of patients in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group (all P ＜0.01).Conclusion The treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice by biliary stenting combined with ademetionine is effective.The mechanism may be related to the effect of ademetionine on promoting cytothesis,glutathione synthesis and eliminating free-radicals.
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Objective To investigate the impacts of S-ademetionine (SAM) on cell cycles,apoptosis and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cell lines,and its effects on methylation and expressions of c-myc and uPA.Methods MKN-28,SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells were treated with gradient concentrations of SAM(0,2 and 4 mmol/L) for 72 hours.The changes of cell cycles and apoptosis were detected by flow eytometry,and invasion was detected by transwell assay.The expressions and methylations of c-myc and uPA were examined by RT-PCR and MSP,respectively.Results The cell apoptosis significantly increased and cell invasive capacity was restrained in three cell lines with increase of SAM concentration (all P values<0.01).In SGC-7901,the cell percentage of G0/G1 phase significantly increased [(74.53±2.49)% vs.(56.67±1.18)%,P<0.053,whereas the cell proliferation index (PI) decreased [(25.50±2.46)% vs.(43.33±1.18)%,P<0.05] in comparison with controls.The expressions of c-myc and uPA mRNA in SGC-7901,uPA mRNA in MKN-45 and in 4 mmol/L SAM treated MKN-28 significantly decreased.The methylations of c-myc gene in SGC-7901 and uPA gene in three cell lines were reversed after treated with SAM.Conclusions SAM reduces expressions of c-myc and uPA by reversing the methylations of c-myc in SGC-7901 and uPA in all three cell lines.However SAM,as methyl donor,can restrain the development and progression of tumor when hypomethylation widely presents in cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined therapy of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor(HGF)and ademetionine on complication with severe anringinous in chronic hepatitis B.Methods 160patients were randomly divided into treatment group A(54),control group B(53) and group C(53).The treatment group were treated with hepatocyte growth-promoting factor and Transmetil,the group B were treated with KUHUANG injection and HGF,the group C were treated with Potassium magnessium aspartape and HGF.The therapeutic courses were 30 days.Results The liver function(Tbil,AST,ALT,AKP,r-GGT),climical symptom and physical sign were compared before and after being treated.The recovery rates of liver function in treatment group were higher singnificantly than that of control group.The levels of liver function in treatment group after being treated is lower significantly than that of before(P
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of ademetionine for treating hyper-unconjugated bilirubinemia in neonate rats.METHODS:The model of hyper-unconjugated bilirubinemia was established in 95 neonate SD rats by subcutaneously injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride,then the rats were randomly assigned to model control group(treated with normal saline),therapeutic control group(phenobarbital/nikethamide)and the therapeutic group(s-adenosyl-1-methionine)q.d for 7 days all by intraperitoneal injection.Blood samples were taken at different time for the analysis of the hepatic BUGT activity and serum bilirubin.RESULTS:In therapeutic control group compared with the model control group,the serum unconjugated bilirubin was lower,and the hepatic BUGT activity of therapeutic was higher(P