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Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia constituye un problema de salud de carácter complejo que exige para su prevención el empleo de un enfoque holístico, sustentable desde posicionamientos colaborativos e intersectoriales. Objetivo: Elaborar una estrategia para la prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia desde un enfoque interdisciplinario, humanista, activo y trasformador. Materiales y métodos: Investigación descriptiva, longitudinal y retrospectiva, comprendida entre mayo y diciembre de 2023. Entre los métodos empleados se encuentran el histórico-lógico, el analítico-sintético, la sistematización y la modelación, aplicados fundamentalmente en el diseño categorial de la estrategia y sus contenidos estructurales. También se empleó la revisión de documentos, la encuesta y la conformación de un grupo focal para la recogida de información empírica vinculada al proceso de prevención y a la obtención de criterios valorativos. Resultados: Se evidencia, en el diseño de las acciones estratégicas, la integración de varias disciplinas como medicina familiar, sicología, derecho médico, ginecobstetricia y educación para la salud, así como relaciones interprofesionales entre especialistas de la salud, docentes, trabajadores sociales y líderes comunitarios. Concluida la implementación de la estrategia, en el orden cognitivo-comunicacional, se constata un posicionamiento proactivo de los adolescentes en el autocuidado y la autogestión de salud, desde una proyección trasformadora e intersectorial. Conclusiones: Prevalecen criterios valorativos favorables y un ordenamiento organizacional de alcance intersectorial, que indican la pertinencia del enfoque interdisciplinario, humanista, activo y trasformador aplicado a la estrategia para la prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia, constatándose el cumplimiento del objetivo propuesto.
Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a complex health problem that requires the use of a holistic approach, sustainable from collaborative and intersectoral positions, for its prevention. Objective: To prepare a strategy for the prevention of pregnancy in adolescence from an interdisciplinary, humanistic, active and transformative approach. Materials and methods: Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective research carried out between May and December 2023. Among the methods used are historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, systematization and modeling, mainly applied in the categorical design of the strategy and its structural contents. The review of documents, the survey and the formation of a focal group for the collection of empirical information linked to the prevention process and to obtain evaluative criteria were also used. Results: In the design of strategic actions, the integration of several disciplines such as family medicine, psychology, medical law, gyneco-obstetrics, and health education, as well as inter-professional relationships between health specialists, teachers, social workers and community leaders, is evidenced. After the implementation of the strategy, in the cognitive-communicational order, it was stated a proactive positioning of adolescents in self-care and self-management of health, from a transformative and intersectoral projection. Conclusions: Favorable evaluative criteria and an organizational arrangement of intersectoral scope prevail, which indicate the relevance of interdisciplinary, humanistic, active and transformative approach applied to the strategy for the prevention of pregnancy in adolescence, confirming the fulfillment of the proposed objective.
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Resumo: Este artigo analisou o processo de construção e execução de uma pesquisa acerca da gravidez na adolescência com jovens do ensino médio no cotidiano de uma escola pública estadual de Fortaleza-CE, a partir de um estudo qualitativo com base na pesquisa-intervenção. Por meio de um curso de extensão para estudantes secundaristas, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa na escola em que as próprias jovens da escola pública foram copesquisadoras do tema gravidez na adolescência no cotidiano escolar. Utilizou-se as ferramentas metodológicas de diários de campo, questionário on-line e restituição. Os resultados mostraram que há diferenças nos papéis de mãe e pai na adolescência, dificuldades para a conclusão da vida escolar e prejuízos na inserção no mercado de trabalho, principalmente para as meninas. Portanto, a pesquisa possibilitou problematizar o lugar de representatividade das pautas de maternidade e paternidade fomentando espaços de escuta e dialogicidade na promoção da equidade com estudantes que experienciam a maternidade e paternidade.
Abstract: This article aimed to analyze the process of constructing and conducting research on teenage pregnancy with high school students in the daily life of a public school in Fortaleza, Ceará, based on a qualitative study using the Intervention Research approach. By an extension course for high school students, a research project was developed in the school in which the public school students themselves were co-researchers on the topic of teenage pregnancy in the school environment. The methodological tools used were field journals, online questionnaires, and restitution. Results showed differences in the roles of the mother and father during adolescence, difficulties in completing education, and obstacles in entering the job market, especially for girls. Therefore, this research could question the representation of maternity and paternity issues, promoting spaces for listening and dialogue in the promotion of equity with students who experience parenthood.
Résumé : Cet article a analysé la construction et réalisation d'une recherche avec de lycéens sur la grossesse adolescente dans la vie quotidienne d'une école publique de Fortaleza-CE, dès une étude qualitative de recherche-intervention. Avec un cours d'extension pour des élèves du secondaire, une recherche a été menée où les élèves de l'école publique étaient co-chercheurs sur la grossesse adolescente dans l'école. Des journaux de terrain, des questionnaires en ligne et des restitutions ont été utilisés. Les résultats ont montré des différences dans les rôles de mère et de père pendant l'adolescence, des difficultés à mener à terme leur scolarité et des préjudices dans leur insertion sur le marché du travail, surtout pour les filles. Donc, la recherche a permis de questionner la représentativité des enjeux de maternité et de paternité, en favorisant des espaces d'écoute et de dialogue pour promouvoir l'équité avec les étudiants qui vivent la maternité et la paternité.
Resumen: Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de construcción e implementación de una investigación con estudiantes de secundaria sobre el tema del embarazo adolescente en la vida cotidiana de una escuela pública de Fortaleza, Ceará (Brasil), basada en un estudio cualitativo de investigación-intervención. A partir de un curso de extensión, se desarrolló una investigación en la escuela donde las propias estudiantes de secundaria fueron coinvestigadoras sobre el tema del embarazo adolescente. Se utilizaron como herramientas metodológicas un cuestionario en línea, diario de campo y restitución. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en el papel de la madre y el padre durante la adolescencia, dificultades para completar la vida escolar y dificultades para entrar en el mercado laboral, especialmente para las chicas. Por lo tanto, esta investigación permitió problematizar el papel representacional de la maternidad y la paternidad, propiciando espacios de escucha y de diálogo para promover la equidad con los estudiantes que experimentan estos roles.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Embarazo en Adolescencia/psicología , Educación Primaria y Secundaria , Paternidad , Investigación Cualitativa , Investigación Participativa Basada en la Comunidad , Madres Adolescentes/psicologíaRESUMEN
Teenage pregnancy is a health problem that, despite being in decline, continues to be an important component in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this investigation is to examine the data on adolescent pregnancies obtained from the Regional Hospital of Talca, describe the results collected and compare them with information found in the literature, analyzing the most relevant aspects, in order to provide a greater perspective on the subject, and therefore, contribute to the generation of new prevention measures. In this retrospective and descriptive observational study, the data of all pregnant women under 20 years who gave birth during the period from February 2017 to November 2022 and were treated at the Regional Hospital of Talca were collected and analyzed. For the analysis of the data, a script was made in Python. Obtaining as a result 1,566 pregnant adolescents, with an average age of 17.67 years, 89.6% primigest, in terms of newborns, 13.6% were premature and 5.8% of them extremely premature. 1.2% of newborns (both live births and stillborns/stillborns) developed some malformation.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Embarazo , Adolescente , Adulto , Embarazo en Adolescencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Pública , Anomalías Congénitas , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Chile , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hospitales Públicos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
@#Pregnant adolescents have been shown to have a higher incidence of health and non-health-related complications that affect both mothers and infants. These include increased risk of pregnancy-related diseases such as anemia and pre-eclampsia, preterm and low-birth-weight babies, as well as other social consequences such as educational and financial difficulties. This mini review evaluates selected articles which explain the attitudes, knowledge, behavior and other risk factors associated with pregnancy among adolescents in developing countries. It also revealed that inadequate knowledge among adolescents about reproductive and sexual health, other social, cultural and peer influences, parenting values, and poor financial and educational status were factors that contribute to adolescent pregnancy. Likewise, a lack of support from parents, educators and healthcare workers had negative impacts on healthy sexual behavior among adolescents, which may ultimately lead to adolescent pregnancy. We conclude that the factors discussed in this review need to be evaluated and taken into consideration by policymakers and healthcare workers when formulating strategies to prevent pregnancies among adolescents.
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Objetivo: analisar a experiência vivenciada na atenção básica por adolescentes grávidas durante o pré-natal em uma Unidade de Saúde de Ceilândia DF. Método:O estudo usou a abordagem qualitativa e o método fenomenológico. A coleta dos dados foi por meio de entrevista direcionada a adolescentes previamente selecionadas mediante adequação aos critérios de inclusão. Foram resguardados o sigilo, a confidencialidade e a fidedignidade dos dados coletados. Resultados:Os dados finais estão apresentados em 6 categorias. Trouxe à evidência de que a gravidez na adolescência ainda é um problema que acomete a identidade em formação de adolescentes e que a falta de adesão aos programas de promoção à saúde por parte deste público ainda existe, necessitando assim de olhar mais apurado e capacitado para atender as necessidades em saúde desta população. Conclusão:o atendimento nessa circunstância demanda cuidados, com isso, profissionais de saúde capacitados devem estar associados a essa situação, de forma que busquem estabelecer vínculos com a adolescente e por meio de uma reflexão com ela, seu companheiro e familiares, tentem encontrar estratégias que possibilitem a minimização de problemas.
Objective:Objective: to analyze the experience lived in primary care by pregnant adolescents during prenatal care at a Health Unit in Ceilândia, Brasília, Brazil. Method:The study used a qualitative approach and the phenomenological method. Datacollection was done through interviews with previously selected adolescents who met the inclusion criteria. Confidentiality and data accuracy were ensured. Results:The final data are presented in 6 categories. It brought to light that adolescent pregnancy is still a problem that affects the forming identity of adolescents and that the lack of adherence to health promotion programs by this group still exists, requiring a more specialized and capable approach to address the health needs of this population. Conclusion: Care in this circumstance demands special attention, therefore, trained healthcare professionals should be involved in this situation, seeking to establish bonds with the adolescent and, through reflection with her, her partner, and family members, find strategies to minimize problems.
Objetivo:analizar la experiencia vivida en la atención primaria por adolescentes embarazadas durante el período prenatal en una Unidad de Salud en Ceilândia, Brasilia, Brasil. Método:El estudio utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y el método fenomenológico. La recopilación de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas dirigidas a adolescentes previamente seleccionadas que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se garantizó la confidencialidad y la veracidad de los datos recopilados. Resultados:Los datos finales se presentan en 6 categorías. Se evidenció que el embarazo en la adolescencia sigue siendo un problema que afecta la identidad en formación de los adolescentes y que la falta de adhesión a los programas de promoción de la salud por parte de este grupo todavía existe, lo que requiere una mirada más especializada y capacitada para abordar las necesidades de salud de esta población. Conclusión:La atención en esta circunstancia requiere cuidados especiales, por lo tanto, profesionales de la salud capacitados deben estar involucrados en esta situación, buscando establecer vínculos con la adolescente y, a través de la reflexión con ella, su pareja y familiares, encontrar estrategias que permitan minimizar los problemas.
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Embarazo en Adolescencia , Atención Primaria de Salud , SexualidadRESUMEN
La baja adherencia a la lactancia materna en los primeros seis meses de vida del bebé es un gran problema en Colombia. Investigar las percepciones de las madres adolescentes es esencial para el incentivo a la lactancia materna exclusiva. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las percepciones sobre la lactancia materna y describir las características sociodemográficas de madres adolescentes lactantes que participan en el Programa de Crecimiento y Desarrollo de la Corporación Hospital San Juan de Dios UniRemington en Colombia. Se trata de un estudio observacional cualitativo transversal realizado entre 2020 y 2021 mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Estas se realizaron según un guión de preguntas abiertas a madres adolescentes que amamantan a bebés menores de 2 años, utilizando grabadora de audio, diarios de campo y datos sociodemográficos obtenidos de registros hospitalarios. La muestra y resultados se basearon en la saturación de datos, según las narrativas organizados en temas a partir del análisis temático junto con repeticiones de observaciones y descripciones de datos sociodemográficos. De las diez jóvenes, el 70% tenía un bajo nivel de escolarización y su percepción de la lactancia estaba relacionada con su conocimiento de los beneficios de la lactancia para la nutrición del bebé y el vínculo madre-hijo, pero con muchas dificultades esta realidad se ha convertido en una utopía. Hubo una díada de alegría y dolor en las vivencias. Se concluyó que las percepciones estaban relacionadas con la falta de apoyo médico y familiar para madres adolescentes. Se sugieren más estudios en diferentes poblaciones maternas.
Low adherence to breastfeeding in the first six months of a baby's life is a major problem in Colombia. Investigating the perceptions of adolescent mothers is essential to encourage exclusive breastfeeding. Thus, the objective of this study was to learn about the perceptions of breastfeeding and to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of breastfeeding adolescent mothers who participated in the Growth and Development Program of the Hospital San Juan de Dios UniRemington Corporation in Colombia. This is a cross-sectional qualitative observational study conducted between 2020 and 2021 using semi-structured interviews. These were carried out according to a script of open-ended questions to teenage mothers who were breastfeeding babies under 2 years of age, using tape recorders and field diaries and sociodemographic data obtained from hospital registers. The sample and results were based on data saturation according to narratives organized into themes from the thematic analysis together with repetitions of observations and descriptions of sociodemographic data. Of the ten young women, 70% had a low level of schooling and their perception of breastfeeding was related to their knowledge of the benefits of breastfeeding for baby nutrition and mother-child bond, but with many difficulties this reality has become a utopia. There was a dyad of joy and pain in the experiences. It was concluded that the perceptions were related to the lack of medical and family support for adolescent mothers. Further studies in different maternal populations are suggested.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Percepción , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Lactancia Materna , Madres Adolescentes , Factores Sociodemográficos , Colombia , Servicios de Salud Materno-Infantil , Cuidado del Lactante , Relaciones Madre-HijoRESUMEN
Introducción: El embarazo perturba a las adolescentes en diferentes grados, tanto emocionales como psicosociales. El control prenatal ha sido reconocido como una estrategia para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad materno perinatal. Aún más importante es conseguir que las adolescentes embarazadas acudan a los servicios y tengan buenas experiencias, para que asuman conductas saludables. Objetivo: Describir estados afectivos de las adolescentes gestantes en el momento que asisten al control prenatal en una institución de primer nivel de atención, en el municipio Malambo, departamento del Atlántico. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, además se creó un grupo focal de 15 adolescentes. La información fue transcrita para luego proceder al análisis de los datos. Se establecieron los códigos en categorías que emergieron de lo expresado por las gestantes sobre su experiencia en el control prenatal. Resultados: Algunas gestantes asistían al control prenatal puesto que encontraban apoyo, confianza, información, conocimiento y recomendaciones; describieron agrado al poder decir lo que piensan y sienten, además de esclarecer dudas sobre su gestación. Conclusiones: Las gestantes adolescentes al momento de asistir al control prenatal experimentaron una serie de sentimientos, pensamientos y emociones (pena, miedo, incertidumbre y desagrado); además, reconocieron el control prenatal como un elemento valioso para lograr el bienestar propio y el de su hijo, emergiendo sentimientos de felicidad y responsabilidad(AU)
Introduction: Pregnancy affects adolescents at different degrees, both emotionally and psychosocially. Prenatal care has been recognized as a strategy for reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Even more important is to achieve that pregnant adolescents attend services and have good experiences, in order for them to assume healthy behaviors. Objective: To describe the affective states of pregnant adolescents at the time they attend prenatal care in a first-level care institution from Malambo Municipality, Atlántico Department, Colombia. Methods: Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study. Semistructured interviews were conducted and a focus group of fifteen adolescents was created. The information was transcribed, and then data analysis was carried out. The codes were established according to categories that emerged from what was expressed by the pregnant women about their prenatal care experience. Results: Some pregnant women attended prenatal control since they found support, confidence, information, knowledge and recommendations; they described pleasure in being able to express what they think and feel, in addition to clarifying doubts about their pregnancy. Conclusions: Adolescent pregnant women, at the time of attending prenatal control, experienced a series of feelings, thoughts and emotions (grief, fear, uncertainty and displeasure); in addition, they recognized prenatal control as a valuable element to achieve their own and their child's wellbeing, with emerging feelings of happiness and responsibility(AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Embarazo en Adolescencia/prevención & control , Atención Prenatal , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiología , Emociones , Epidemiología Descriptiva , ColombiaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Evaluar los factores sociales y demográficos asociados al embarazo y al embarazo repetido en mujeres adolescentes de Perú MÉTODO: Estudio transversal analítico realizado a partir de las encuestas de población ENDES 2009 a 2018 en Perú. Participaron mujeres adolescentes entre 12 y 19 años de edad. Se recogió información de condición de embarazo y características sociales y demográficas. Se aplicó la prueba de χ2 y se calculó la razón de prevalencia ajustada con su intervalo de confianza al 95% usando regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. RESULTADOS: En el estudio se incluyeron 49 676 mujeres adolescentes. El 12,6% tuvieron un embarazo y el 5,1% tuvieron dos o más embarazos. Se evidenció asociación entre edad, región geográfica, origen étnico, nivel educativo, nivel económico y embarazo adolescente (p < 0,001). Los niveles educativo y económico inferiores presentaron una mayor razón de prevalencia de embarazo adolescente, siendo mayor incluso en situaciones de dos o más embarazos. CONCLUSIONES: En la población de mujeres adolescentes de Perú, el 17,7% estuvieron embarazadas y el 5,1% tuvieron embarazo repetido. Existe asociación entre embarazo adolescente y bajos niveles económico y educativo; esta asociación se incrementa en situaciones de embarazo repetido.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the social and demographic factors associated with pregnancy and repeated pregnancy in adolescent women in Peru. METHOD: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out from the ENDES population surveys 2009 to 2018 in Peru. Adolescent women between 12 and 19 years of age participated. Information on pregnancy status and number of children was collected, as well as social and demographic characteristics. The χ2 test was applied, the adjusted prevalence ratio with its 95% confidence interval was calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: 49 676 adolescent women were included in the study. The 17.7% had one or more pregnancies and 5.1% two or more pregnancies. The analysis showed an association between geographic region, age, ethnic origin, educational level, economic level and adolescent pregnancy (p < 0.001). The lower levels of educational level and economic level presented a higher prevalence ratio of adolescent pregnancy, being higher even in situations of two or more pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: In the population of adolescent women in Peru, 17.7% were pregnant and 5.1% had repeated pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy is associated with low economic and educational levels; this association increases in situations of repeated pregnancy.
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Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Embarazo en Adolescencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Paridad , Perú/epidemiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Demografía , Estudios Transversales , Análisis Multivariante , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia determina serios problemas de índole biológico, psicológico y social en la joven gestante. Objetivo: Elevar el nivel de conocimiento de los adolescentes sobre el embarazo en la adolescencia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental de intervención educativa sobre embarazo en adolescentes del Consultorio Médico del Pino perteneciente al Policlínico Docente Fermín Valdés Domínguez del municipio Baracoa en el período de enero 2019 a octubre 2020. El universo estuvo conformado por los 103 adolescentes del área que no tenían trastornos mentales asociados, que afectaran la comprensión del estudio. Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria simple de 30 adolescentes que dieron su consentimiento para participar. La recolección del dato primario se obtuvo de la encuesta aplicada antes y después. Resultados: Se observó un predominio de adolescentes del sexo femenino, con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 16 años. Existía un desconocimiento inicial sobre aspectos relacionados con el embarazo en la adolescencia y se mostró un incremento posintervención del nivel de conocimiento en torno a estos. Conclusiones: Se incrementó el nivel de conocimiento sobre el embarazo en la adolescencia, lo que evidencia la efectividad de la intervención educativa(AU)
Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy determines serious biological, psychological and social problems in the young pregnant woman. Objective: To raise the level of knowledge of adolescents about adolescent pregnancy. Methods: A preexperimental study of educational intervention about adolescent pregnancy was carried, from January 2019 to October 2020, at Del Pino family doctor's office belonging to Fermín Valdés Domínguez Teaching Polyclinic, Baracoa Municipality. The universe was made up of the 103 adolescents from the area who did not have any associated mental disorders that would affect the understanding of the study. A simple random sample of thirty adolescents who gave their consent to participate was selected. The primary data collection was obtained from the survey applied before and after. Results: There was a predominance of female adolescents between fourteen and sixteen years of age. There was an initial lack of knowledge about aspects related to adolescent pregnancy, while a postintervention increase was shown with respect to the level of knowledge about such aspects. Conclusions: There was an increase in the level of knowledge about adolescent pregnancy, which evidences the effectiveness of the educational intervention(AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Embarazo en Adolescencia/prevención & control , Intervención Psicosocial/métodosRESUMEN
A adolescência é uma fase do ciclo vital e se constitui numa importante etapa de vida dos sujeitos, é um processo complexo e de construção dos projetos de vida. A gravidez na adolescência tem impactos nos processos de vida de muitos jovens, dessa forma a investigação das atividades voltadas aos aspectos da educação sexual e da gravidez na adolescência, baseadas no entendido sobre promoção da saúde e na abordagem histórico cultural, apresenta relevância à pesquisa em saúde. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender como a escola trabalhou conteúdos de prevenção à gravidez a partir da perspectiva de mulheres que engravidaram na adolescência. Trata-se de estudo de caráter descritivo e transversal com abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa. Participaram do estudo três mulheres maiores de 18 anos e que passaram pelo momento da primeira gravidez durante a adolescência. Para a construção dos dados foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas e procedida a análise temática, que gerou três temas, sendo: I - Serviço de saúde e escolar na saúde do adolescente, II - Interações antes, durante e depois do processo de engravidar e III - Sentidos e significados da adolescência, gestação, maternidade e seus processos. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que as atividades realizadas no espaço de ensino na qual as participantes eram matriculadas caracterizaram-se por ser atividades pontuais e com abordagem técnica relacionadas ao tema sobre o uso dos métodos contraceptivos. A forma como as atividades foram desenvolvidas não se mostraram significativas e não se conectou aos interesses das adolescentes. As interações fora da escola e dos serviços de saúde construíram sentidos mais fortes em suas vidas e no desenvolvimento da gestação, particularmente os vínculos amorosos. Foi identificado que a escola foi pouco explorada pelos serviços de saúde, de forma que o cuidado à saúde das adolescentes se fez presente com a descoberta da gravidez; identificou-se também que para compreender o processo da gravidez na adolescência é necessário compreendê-la como um fenômeno social, multideterminado e que envolve complexas conjunturas que estão na base da construção de significações que vão direcionando as práticas sociais de adolescentes, especialmente com a fragilidade da vida escolar. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visou contribuir com o conhecimento para a prática da equipe de saúde e da equipe escolar no desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção à gravidez na adolescência e na promoção da saúde do adolescente
Adolescence is a phase of the life cycle and constitutes an important stage in the life of the subjects, it is a complex process and the construction of life projects. Teenage pregnancy impacts the life processes of many young people, so the investigation of activities focused on aspects of sex education and teenage pregnancy, based on the understanding of health promotion and the historical-cultural approach, is relevant to research in health.This study aims to understand how the school worked on pregnancy prevention content from the perspective of women who became pregnant in adolescence. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a qualitative research approach. Three women over 18 years of age participated in the study and had their first pregnancy during adolescence. For the construction of the data, narrative interviews were carried out and thematic analysis was carried out, which generated three themes, namely: I - Health and school service in adolescent health, II - Interactions before, during and after the process of becoming pregnant and III - Senses and meanings of adolescence, pregnancy, motherhood and their processes. The results of this study showed that the activities carried out in the teaching space in which the participants were enrolled were characterized by being specific activities and with a technical approach related to the topic on the use of contraceptive methods. The way in which the activities were developed did not prove to be significant and did not connect to the interests of the adolescents. Interactions outside of school and health services built stronger meanings in their lives and in the development of pregnancy, particularly love bonds. It was identified that the school was little explored by the health services, so that the health care of adolescents was present with the discovery of pregnancy; it was also identified that in order to understand the process of teenage pregnancy, it is necessary to understand it as a social, multi-determined phenomenon that involves complex conjunctures that are at the base of the construction of meanings that guide the social practices of adolescents, especially with the fragility of school life. In this sense, this work aimed to contribute with knowledge to the practice of the health team and the school team in the development of actions to prevent teenage pregnancy and the promotion of adolescent health
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Servicios de Salud Escolar , Educación en Salud , Promoción de la SaludRESUMEN
El embarazo adolescente se ha determinado como un problema social y costoso para el país. De acuerdo con el Plan Nacional de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva, Ecuador mantiene la tasa más alta de embarazos en adolescentes correspondientes a edades entre 10 a 19 años, ubicándose como el tercer país a nivel regional, después de Nicaragua y República Dominicana. Objetivo: Analizar los factores que inciden en las complicaciones prenatales en las adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital IESS Milagro, periodo 2020. Metodología: Se empleó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y de tipo descriptivo; adicional, la investigación fue de carácter no experimental y de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por aquellas adolescentes 664 que fueron atendidas en el período previamente establecido generando una muestra de 100 adolescentes, determinando como muestra aquellas que cuentan con al menos siete meses de gestación. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta, bajo el instrumento de cuestionario, conformado por 36 preguntas, donde se indagaron variables sociodemográficas, hábitos nocivos, consumo alimenticio, adherencia, complicaciones prenatales y el apoyo familiar y de pareja. Resultados: Dentro de los resultados más importantes, se determinan los siguientes: adolescentes entre los 15 a 19 años (71%), no cuenta con pareja (76%), son amas de casa (79%), complicaciones durante el embarazo (79%), amenaza de aborto (24%), alimentación inadecuada (22%), entorno donde se consume tabaco y alcohol (83%), no se presentaron a los controles (69%); apoyo de la familia (49% buena) y apoyo de la pareja (34% regular). Conclusiones: Se concluye que la edad influye en la manifestación de complicaciones prenatales, se incluyen además aspectos como la educación, convivencia, pareja, actividades de la adolescente, hábitos nocivos, alimentación, adherencia y el apoyo familiar y de pareja. Se desarrolló como propuesta una guía de intervención educativa con la finalidad de reducir las complicaciones prenatales en las adolescentes embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital IESS Milagro(AU)
Adolescent pregnancy has been determined as a social and costly problem for the country. According to the National Plan for Sexual and Reproductive Health, Ecuador maintains the highest rate of adolescent pregnancies corresponding to ages 10 to 19, ranking as the third country at the regional level, after Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic. Objective: to analyze the factors that affect prenatal complications in adolescents treated at the IESS Milagro Hospital, period 2020. Methodology: an observational, retrospective and descriptive study was used; Additionally, the research was non-experimental and cross-sectional. The population consisted of 664 adolescents who were cared for in the previously established period, generating a sample of 100 adolescents, determining as a sample those who have at least seven months of gestation. The technique used was the survey, under the questionnaire instrument, made up of 36 questions, where sociodemographic variables, harmful habits, food consumption, adherence, prenatal complications, and family and partner support were investigated. Results: Among the most important results, the following are determined: adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 (71%), do not have a partner (76%), are housewives (79%), complications during pregnancy (79 %), threatened abortion (24%), inadequate nutrition (22%), environment where tobacco and alcohol are consumed (83%), they did not appear for controls (69%); family support (49% good) and partner support (34% fair). Conclusions: It is concluded that age influences the manifestation of prenatal complications, aspects such as education, coexistence, couple, activities of the adolescent, harmful habits, food, adherence and family and partner support are also included. An educational intervention guide was developed as a proposal in order to reduce prenatal complications in pregnant adolescents treated at the IESS Milagro Hospital(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adolescente , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Factores Socioeconómicos , Nutrición del Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Salud Pública , Conducta Alimentaria , Uso de TabacoRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: El embarazo en las adolescentes ha persistido como un problema de salud pública y social en Chile, afectando a las adolescentes más vulnerables y reflejando las desigualdades. OBJETIVO: Describir los cambios en el uso de anticonceptivos, embarazos no planificados e hijos en adolescentes chilenas entre 1997 y 2018. MÉTODO: Estudio ecológico de series temporales entre los años 1997 y 2018. Se midió la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas y efectividad del método anticonceptivo para los años 2006 y 2018, mediante la prueba estadística de Rao-Scott. Se estimaron tendencias del porcentaje de uso de métodos anticonceptivos según su eficacia y presencia de embarazos no planificados e hijos con modelos de regresión lineal (método de Prais-Winsten). RESULTADOS: Se observó un aumento en la frecuencia de adolescentes sexualmente activas y en el uso de anticonceptivos, especialmente píldoras e inyectables. La serie temporal de uso de anticonceptivos fue no estacionaria, la tendencia fue creciente (coeficiente: 4,59; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 3,43-5,74; p = 0,001), aumentando 4,59% cada 3 años. Las series de embarazos no planificados y tener hijos fueron series temporales no estacionarias y ambas presentaron una tendencia decreciente (coeficiente: −4,78; IC95%: −6,32 a −3,24; p = 0,002; y coeficiente: −3,93; IC95%: −6,18 a −1,68; p = 0,008), disminuyendo un 4,78% y un 3,93%, respectivamente, cada 3 años. CONCLUSIONES: El aumento en el uso de anticonceptivos en adolescentes ha ido unido a una importante disminución en los embarazos no planificados y los hijos en esta población.
INTRODUCTION: Adolescent pregnancy has persisted as a public and social health problem in Chile, affecting the most vulnerable adolescents and reflecting inequalities. OBJECTIVE: To describe the changes in the use of contraceptives, unplanned pregnancies and children in Chilean adolescents between 1997 and 2018. METHOD: Ecological study of time series between the years 1997 and 2018. The association between sociodemographic variables and the effectiveness of the contraceptive method for the years 2006 and 2018 was measured using the Rao-Scott statistical test. Trends in the percentage of use of contraceptive methods were estimated according to their efficacy and presence of unplanned pregnancies and children with linear regression models (Prais-Winsten method). RESULTS: An increase in the frequency of sexually active adolescents and the use of contraceptives, especially pills and injectables, was observed. The time series of contraceptive use was non-stationary, the trend was increasing (coefficient: 4.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.43-5.74; p = 0.001), increasing 4.59% every three years. The time series, unplanned pregnancies and having children were non-stationary time series, both showed a decreasing trend (coefficient: −4.78; 95%CI: −6.32 to −3.24; p = 0.002; and coefficient: −3.93; 95% CI: −6.18 to −1.68; p = 0.008), decreasing 4.78% and 3.93%, respectively, every 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the use of contraceptives in adolescents has been linked to a significant decrease in unplanned pregnancies and children in this population.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adolescente , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Conducta Sexual , Anticoncepción/tendencias , Paridad , Embarazo no Deseado , Factores Socioeconómicos , Chile , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Anticonceptivos , Embarazo no Planeado , Estudios Ecológicos , Efectividad AnticonceptivaRESUMEN
Las consecuencias del embarazo en la adolescencia son múltiples, en el ámbito social como la repetición del círculo de pobreza, abandono escolar, predisposición a la violencia y repercusiones en el estado de salud como los partos prematuros, niños con bajo peso, multiparidad incluso en la adolescencia. Objetivo: El siguiente estudio tiene como objetivo reconocer las consecuencias del embarazo en la adolescencia en la zona de influencia de la parroquia Macuma, una comunidad Shuar de auto identificación indígena. Materiales y métodos: La metodología utilizada fue la de un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, de campo, transversal, documental. Resultados: Los resultados esperados representan la incidencia de los embarazos en la adolescencia en la zona, las consecuencias que tuvieron estos embarazos, y las precepciones de los profesionales que se desenvuelven en este ambiente donde ocurren los hechos, también los diferentes actores y las personas de la comunidad. Conclusión: Se impone una profunda reflexión y elaboración de nuevas estrategias que incluyan la activa participación de todos los sectores de la sociedad, con vistas a enfrentar con efectividad esta crucial problemática y lograr que la reducción del embarazo en la adolescencia deje de ser una asignatura pendiente(AU)
Las consecuencias del embarazo en la adolescencia son múltiples, en el ámbito social como la repetición del círculo de pobreza, abandono escolar, predisposición a la violencia y repercusiones en el estado de salud como los partos prematuros, niños con bajo peso, multiparidad incluso en la adolescencia. Objetivo: El siguiente estudio tiene como objetivo reconocer las consecuencias del embarazo en la adolescencia en la zona de influencia de la parroquia Macuma, una comunidad Shuar de auto identificación indígena. Materiales y métodos: La metodología utilizada fue la de un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, de campo, transversal, documental. Resultados: Los resultados esperados representan la incidencia de los embarazos en la adolescencia en la zona, las consecuencias que tuvieron estos embarazos, y las precepciones de los profesionales que se desenvuelven en este ambiente donde ocurren los hechos, también los diferentes actores y las personas de la comunidad. Conclusión: Se impone una profunda reflexión y elaboración de nuevas estrategias que incluyan la activa participación de todos los sectores de la sociedad, con vistas a enfrentar con efectividad esta crucial problemática y lograr que la reducción del embarazo en la adolescencia deje de ser una asignatura pendiente(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Pobreza , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Abandono Escolar , Violencia Doméstica , Calidad de Vida , Clase Social , Salud del AdolescenteRESUMEN
@#BACKGROUND: Adolescent pregnancy remains a significant public health problem in the Philippines wherein teenage pregnancy has been declared as a National Social Emergency. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify the received services and interventions during prenatal and postnatal visits and investigate the relationships between the received services and interventions during visits and the completeness of received services to neonatal death among adolescent pregnancies in the Cordillera Administrative Region. METHODS: This study used a descriptive correlational study design. A survey questionnaire was distributed to target participants among selected municipalities in the Cordillera Administrative Region and asked about the received services/interventions during and after pregnancy. Responses were analyzed using frequency and percentage, Chi-square and Phi Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS: The study showed that a high incidence of neonatal deaths occurs during the first delivery while decreasing prenatal and post-natal visits have been noted. It was also observed that neonatal mortality is high particularly among the category of middle adolescents. The study also demonstrated a significant correlation between Blood Testing and Measurement of the Abdomen or fundal height measurement provided to the respondents and neonatal mortality in the third trimester. However, no significant correlation coefficients have been noted between neonatal mortality and completeness of prenatal and postnatal services. CONCLUSION: Policies and programs on adolescent health development should be enhanced, first, to focus on preventing adolescent pregnancy and repeat pregnancies during the adolescent period, while strengthening the access to health services for all pregnant women, especially adolescent mothers.
Asunto(s)
Embarazo , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Mortalidad Infantil , Servicios de Salud del Adolescente , Atención Primaria de SaludRESUMEN
Objective@#To learn the characteristics of adolescent pregnancy in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide basis for protecting adolescent physical and mental health. @*Methods@#Data of demographic characteristics, pregnancy and delivery outcomes of the women aged under 19 years ( adolescent pregnant ) and 20 to 34 years ( right-age pregnant ) who delivered in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019 were collected from Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Information Management System. The incidence of pregnancy complication, comorbidity and adverse delivery outcomes of adolescent pregnant women was compared with that of right-age pregnant women.@*Results@#Among 536 753 parturients reported in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019, there were 22 419 ( 4.18% ) of adolescent pregnancy and 430 163 ( 80.14% ) of right-age pregnancy. The average age of adolescent pregnant women was (18.11±0.82) years ( range, 10-19 years ). The majority of adolescent pregnant women were migrant population (19 437 cases, 86.70%), had an education level of junior high school and below ( 18 594 cases, 82.94% ), and had no occupation (19 192 cases, 85.61%). The incidence rates of anemia, gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration and premature delivery in adolescent pregnant women increased from 2015 to 2019 ( all P<0.05 ). The incidence rates of gestational diabetes, anemia, gestational hypertension, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration, premature delivery, low birth weight, fetal death and stillbirth were 1.65%, 11.76%, 0.19%, 0.26%, 3.19%, 24.52%, 6.03%, 5.53%, 0.50% and 0.04% in adolescent pregnant women, which were significant different from 5.49%, 8.94%, 0.13%, 0.01%, 0.17%, 23.46%, 4.66%, 3.08%, 0.26% and 0.01% in the right-age pregnant women, respectively ( all P<0.05 ). @*Conclusions@#The adolescent pregnant population in Wenzhou are mainly migrant population with lower education level and no occupation. The incidence rates of pregnancy complication, comorbidity and adverse birth outcomes in adolescent pregnant population are higher than those in right-age pregnant population, and are increasing year by year.
RESUMEN
Introducción: el objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la contribución científica y académica de los estudios en torno a la sexualidad juvenil realizados entre los años 2014 y 2018 en una facultad de enfermería de Colombia. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de revisión documental, a través del cual se seleccionaron y analizaron 14 productos derivados de investigación docente y de estudiantes que cursaron un posgrado. El análisis se realizó mediante una evaluación crítica y analítica de los resultados reportados en los estudios seleccionados, lo que permitió presentar el estado actual de desarrollo del conocimiento, sus tendencias y avances con una visión global y contextualizada. Resultados: los estudios revisados tienden a profundizar en componentes psicosociales de la sexualidad juvenil con visión holística, lo que explica el predominio de enfoques cualitativos, que, a su vez, son coherentes con la educación y la formación en enfermería y psicología, profesiones que han liderado dichas investigaciones. Conclusiones: en los estudios revisados, predomina el tema del embarazo adolescente desde diferentes perspectivas. Esta prelación es explicable por tratarse de una de las problemáticas más frecuentes en este grupo poblacional y con mayores consecuencias psicosociales ya que suele alterar su calidad de vida presente y futura. Con menor frecuencia, se estudian otros aspectos de la sexualidad juvenil y se inician acercamientos a la educación virtual para la prevención y el manejo de las situaciones que más afectan la sexualidad en esta etapa.
Introduction: This research aims to describe the scientific and academic contribution of studies on youth sexuality conducted between 2014 and 2018 in a Colombian nursing school. Methods: A document review study was carried out in which 14 research products of teachers and graduated students were selected and analyzed. The analysis involved a critical and analytical evaluation of the results reported in the selected studies, making it possible to present the current state, development, trends, and advances of knowledge under a global and contextualized vision. Results: The reviewed studies tend to delve into psychosocial components of youth sexuality using a holistic view, which explains the predominance of qualitative approaches that, in turn, are consistent with education and training in nursing and psychology, two subject fields that have led these pieces of research. Conclusions: In the reviewed studies, the topic of adolescent pregnancy addressed from different perspectives predominates. This preference can be explained by the fact that pregnancy in adolescence is one of the most frequent problems in this population and one with the greatest psychosocial consequences since it tends to alter teenagers' present and future quality of life. Other aspects of youth sexuality are less frequently studied, and approaches to virtual education are initially tried to prevent and manage situations that most affect sexuality at this stage.
Introdução: objetivou-se descrever a contribuição científica e acadêmica de estudos sobre sexualidade juvenil realizados entre 2014 e 2018 em uma escola de enfermagem na Colômbia. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo de revisão documental, por meio do qual foram selecionados e analisados 14 produtos derivados de pesquisa docente e de alunos de pós-graduação. A análise realizou-se mediante uma avaliação crítica e analítica dos resultados reportados nos estudos selecionados, o que permitiu apresentar o estado atual do desenvolvimento do conhecimento, suas tendências e avanços com uma visão global e contextualizada. Resultados: os estudos revisados vontalm-se a aprofundar os componentes psicossociais da sexualidade juvenil com uma visão holística, o que explica o predomínio de abordagens qualitativas, que, por sua vez, são consistentes com a educação e a formação em enfermagem e a psicologia, profissões que têm encabeçado tais pesquisas. Conclusões: nos estudos revisados predomina a questão da gravidez na adolescência desde diferentes perspectivas. Essa escolha pode ser explicada por ser um dos problemas mais frequentes nesse grupo populacional e de maiores consequências psicossociais, pois tende a alterar sua qualidade de vida presente e futura. Com menos frequência, outros aspectos da sexualidade juvenil são estudados e abordagens de educação virtual são iniciadas para a prevenção e gerenciamento das situações que mais afetam a sexualidade nesta etapa
Asunto(s)
Embarazo en Adolescencia , Embarazo , Adolescente , Sexualidad , Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos , Salud ReproductivaRESUMEN
Abstract In the academic literature there is lack of studies on teenage pregnancy in young people who have not experienced pregnancy. This article aimed to investigate and analyze the meanings of teenage pregnancy for adolescents without a gestation history. The participants were 37 adolescents with no pregnancy history (22 males and 15 females), aged between 12 and 18 years old. The thematic design-story procedure was used as instrument, in which the young individuals were asked to draw "a pregnant adolescent in their Community". To systematize the data, Bardin's content analysis was used. Thirteen themes were observed, the most frequent being related to families, relationships and/or friends and very early pregnancies, showing the relevance of these themes for adolescents. It is concluded that teenage pregnancy, in its majority, was seen as disadvantageous, but also as desired by some young individuals, pointing to the ambiguity of the phenomenon.
Resumo Na literatura acadêmica, são escassos os estudos sobre gravidez na adolescência em jovens que não vivenciaram a gestação. Este artigo teve como objetivo investigar e analisar os significados da gravidez na adolescência para adolescentes sem histórico de gestação. Participaram 37 adolescentes sem histórico de gravidez (22 homens e 15 mulheres) entre 12 e 18 anos. Foi utilizado como instrumento o procedimento desenho-estória temático, tendo sido solicitado que os jovens desenhassem "uma adolescente grávida na sua comunidade". Para sistematização dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Observaram-se 13 temas, sendo os mais frequentes relacionados às famílias, às relações amorosas e/ou amizades e à gravidez muito cedo, demonstrando a relevância desses temas para os adolescentes. Conclui-se que a gravidez na adolescência, em sua maioria, foi vista como desvantajosa, mas também como desejada por alguns jovens, apontando para a ambiguidade do fenômeno.
Resumen En la literatura académica faltan estudios sobre el embarazo adolescente en jóvenes que todavía no lo han experimentado. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo investigar y analizar los significados del embarazo en la adolescencia para adolescentes sin antecedentes de gestación. Participaron 37 adolescentes sin antecedentes de embarazo (22 hombres y 15 mujeres) de entre 12 y 18 años de edad. Se utilizó como instrumento el procedimiento dibujo-historia temático, habiéndose solicitado que los jóvenes dibujaran "una adolescente embarazada en su comunidad". Para sistematizar los datos se utilizó el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Se observaron 13 temas, siendo los más frecuentes los relacionados con las familias, relaciones amorosas y/o amistades y embarazo muy temprano, lo que demuestra la relevancia de estos temas para las adolescentes. Se concluye que el embarazo adolescente, en su mayoría, fue visto como desventajoso, pero también como deseado por algunos jóvenes, lo que apunta a la ambigüedad del fenómeno.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adolescente , Percepción , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Familia , AmigosRESUMEN
Introdução: O programa de planejamento familiar é uma importante ferramenta na redução dos índices de gravidez na adolescência, que é considerada uma questão de saúde pública. Objetivos: Compilar as publicações científicas nacionais e internacionais acerca do impacto do planejamento familiar na prevenção da gravidez em adolescentes. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura nos bancos de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Google Scholar, SciELO e PubMed, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2020, a partir de estudos experimentais e observacionais. Resultados: Dos 20 artigos incluídos, foi realizado agrupamento dos dados que possibilitou a construção de três unidades temáticas: programa de planejamento familiar-potencialidades e fragilidades; fatores determinantes e condicionantes da gravidez na adolescência; educação sexual como ferramenta de prevenção da gravidez na adolescência. Conclusão: A eficácia dos programas de planejamento familiar, dependem de vários fatores: treinamento adequado dos profissionais envolvidos, fornecimento gratuito de insumos, metodologia de educação sexual aplicada, local da instalação da sede física do programa e o público-alvo atingido.
Introduction: The family planning program is an important tool in reducing teenage pregnancy rates, which is considered a public health issue. Objective: To compile national and international scientific publications on the impact of family planning on pregnancy prevention in adolescents. Method: A literature review was carried out in the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Google Schoolar, Scielo and PubMed, from August to December 2020, based on experimental and observational studies. Results: Of the 20 articles included, data were grouped, which enabled the construction of three thematic units: family planning program - strengths and weaknesses; determining and conditioning factors of teenage pregnancy; sex education as a tool to prevent teenage pregnancy. Conclusion: The effectiveness of family planning programs depends on several factors: adequate training of the professionals involved, free supply of inputs, applied sex education methodology, location of the program's physical headquarters and the target audience reached.
Asunto(s)
Embarazo , Adolescente , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Planificación Familiar , Educación Sexual , Salud Pública , Prevención de Enfermedades , Servicios de Planificación Familiar , Salud Reproductiva , Salud SexualRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perception of adolescents living in Quilombola community regarding unplanned pregnancy and its repercussions on community life. Methodology: descriptive, qualitative research using the creative and sensitive method through the dynamics of creativity and sensitivity: Shortening Distances and Body Knowledge. Participants were adolescents living in a Quilombola community in the rural area of the municipality of São Mateus, Espírito Santo (Brazil). The meetings took place at weekends, on three Sundays in December 2018. The results were organized by the Iramuteq® software and the images and narratives were developed by the content analysis method. Results: nine adolescents, catholic, single, with a family income of less than one minimum wage, living in their own home and living on subsistence agriculture participated. They have access to the public health service, which they use when they get sick. The software demonstrated that the words "pregnant" and "work" are central to their narratives. The experiences of adolescents were expressed by the following categories: Repercussion of pregnancy for adolescents in the Quilombola community; Rights of pregnant women in the community; and Behavior of families and adolescents towards pregnancy. Conclusion: the understanding of unplanned pregnancy, taking into account racial ethnic aspects, makes it possible to develop health education strategies that respect the cultural and social aspects of this community, so that the actions can be successful, which is a great challenge for the professionals involved.
RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la percepción de las adolescentes que viven en la comunidad Quilombola sobre el embarazo no planificado y sus repercusiones en la vida comunitaria. Metodología: investigación descriptiva, cualitativa utilizando el método creativo y sensible a través de la dinámica de la creatividad y la sensibilidad: Acortando distancias y conocimiento corporal. Los participantes fueron adolescentes residentes en una comunidad Quilombola en el área rural del municipio de São Mateus, Espírito Santo (Brasil). Las reuniones tuvieron lugar los fines de semana, los tres domingos de diciembre de 2018. Los resultados fueron organizados por el software Iramuteq® y las imágenes y narrativas fueron desarrolladas por el método de análisis de contenido. Resultados: participaron nueve adolescentes, católicos, solteros, con un ingreso familiar menor a un salario mínimo, que viven en su propia casa y viven de la agricultura de subsistencia, que tienen acceso al servicio público de salud, que utilizan cuando se enferman. El software demostró que las palabras "embarazada" y "trabajo" son fundamentales para sus narrativas. Las experiencias de las adolescentes se expresaron en las siguientes categorías: Repercusión del embarazo para las adolescentes de la comunidad Quilombola; Derechos de las mujeres embarazadas en la comunidad; y Comportamiento de familias y adolescentes hacia el embarazo. Conclusión: la comprensión del embarazo no planeado, tomando en cuenta los aspectos étnicos raciales, permite desarrollar estrategias de educación en salud que respeten los aspectos culturales y sociales de esta comunidad, para que las acciones sean exitosas, lo cual es un gran desafío para los profesionales. involucrado.
RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a percepção de adolescentes residentes em comunidade Quilombola quanto à gravidez não planejada e suas repercussões na vida em comunidade. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa utilizando o método criativo e sensível por meio das dinâmicas de criatividade e sensibilidade: Encurtando Distâncias e Corpo Saber. Participaram adolescentes residentes em comunidade Quilombola de zona rural do município de São Mateus, Espírito Santo (Brasil). Os encontros ocorreram nos finais de semanas, três domingos do mês de dezembro de 2018. Os resultados foram organizados pelo software Iramuteq® e as imagens e narrativas desenvolvidas pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: participaram nove adolescentes, católicos, solteiros, com renda familiar de menos de um salário mínimo, residentes em casa própria e que vivem da agricultura de subsistência. Possuem acesso ao serviço público de saúde, que utilizam, quando adoecem. O software demonstrou que as palavras "gravidar" e "trabalhar" são centrais em suas narrativas. As experiências e vivências dos adolescentes foram expressas pelas categorias: Repercussão da gravidez para os adolescentes na comunidade Quilombola; Direitos da gestante na comunidade; e Comportamento das famílias e dos adolescentes frente à gravidez. Conclusão: a compreensão da gravidez não planejada, levando em consideração aspectos étnicos raciais, possibilita elaborar estratégias de educação em saúde que respeite os aspectos culturais e sociais dessa comunidade, para que se tenha êxito nas ações, sendo esse um grande desafio para os profissionais envolvidos.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Enfermería Pediátrica , Embarazo en Adolescencia , Conducta y Mecanismos de Conducta , Población Negra , Política de SaludRESUMEN
Resumen Este artículo buscará echar luz acerca del embarazo adolescente como problema. A través de un recorrido histórico por fuentes bibliográficas, periodísticas y de un corpus de le- yes, se intentará dar cuenta de la naturalización propia del enfoque habitual en esta temática. Un punto central en la pregunta que nos orientará, concierne a la inclusión de la voz de lxs involucradxs, con el fin de pensar estrategias para acompañarlxs en ese momento (entendién- dose como una necesidad imperiosa para lxs mismxs).
Abstract This article examines the issue of adolescent pregnancy as a problem. Through a historical journey across journalistic sources and a legal corpus, the authors show the current naturalization when this topic is addressed. A guiding issue is the inclusion of the voices of those involved, to think about strategies that keep them company (which is understood as an important demand from the adolescents).
Resumo Este artigo examina o "problema da gravidez na adolescência". Por meio de um per- curso histórico por fontes bibliográficas, jornalísticas e um corpus de leis, tentaremos mostrar a naturalização da abordagem tradicional sobre o tema da gravidez ocorrida na adolescência. A questão que nos orienta levará em consideração a inclusão da voz dos envolvidos/as no que se refere a pensar estratégias para acompanhá-los/as (entendendo isso como uma necessidade imperiosa para os/as mesmos/as).