Consenso de inmunizaciones del adulto 2020-2021

La inmunización es el proceso por el que una persona se hace inmune o resistente a una enfermedad infecciosa, por lo general mediante la administración de una vacuna. Las vacunas estimulan el propio sistema inmunitario del cuerpo para proteger a la persona contra infecciones o enfermedades posteriores. La inmunización previene enfermedades, discapacidades y defunciones por enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación, tales como el cáncer cervical, la difteria, la hepatitis B, el sarampión, la parotiditis, la tos ferina, la neumonía, la poliomielitis, las enfermedades diarreicas por rotavirus, la rubéola y el tétanos. La prevención y el control de las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación (EPVs) es una prioridad de los sistemas de salud de Latinoamerica. Este Consenso ha sido actualizado por profesionales con experiencia en la Vacunación, pertenecientes a la Sociedad Venezolana de Infectología, la Sociedad Venezolana de Puericultura y Pediatría y la Sociedad Venezolana de Salud Pública. El esquema de Vacunas del Adulto aplica a personas desde los 18 años de edad. Se considera esquema completo, cuando se han administrado todas las dosis y/o sus respectivos refuerzos, de acuerdo a su edad correspondiente y riesgos Se presentan los esquemas en forma de calendarios, de manera que los profesionales del sector salud y afines, como la población en general puedan utilizarlos de manera práctica, como esquema de bolsillo para su consulta rápida, como Calendario Vacunal de Adultos 2020 - 2021

Immunization is the process by which a person becomes immune or resistant to an infectious disease, usually through the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infections or illnesses. Immunization prevents diseases, disabilities, and deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases such as cervical cancer, diphtheria, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, pertussis, pneumonia, polio, rotavirus diarrheal diseases, rubella and tetanus. The prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) is a priority of the Latin American health systems. This Consensus has been updated by professionals with experience in Vaccination, belonging to the Venezuelan Society of Infectology, the Venezuelan Society of Childcare and Pediatrics and the Venezuelan Society of Public Health. The Adult Vaccines scheme applies to people from 18 years of age. A complete scheme is considered when all the doses and / or their respective boosters have been administered, according to their corresponding age and risks. The schemes are presented in the form of calendars, so that professionals in the health sector and the like, as well as the general population, can use them in a practical way, as a pocket scheme for quick consultation, such as the Adult Vaccine Calendar 2020 - 2021

Evaluación del uso en adultos de cuatro vacunas: una encuesta poblacional en Argentina / Assessment of the use in adults of four vaccines: a population survey in Argentina

La vacunación es una de las estrategias más efectivas para la prevención de enfermedades. Argentina inició la transición de la vacunación del niño a la de la familia, incorporando la vacunación del adulto. Una de las dificultades con este último grupo es determinar el porcentaje de utilización (PU) de las vacunas. Con el objetivo de caracterizar el PU de las vacunas en adultos en Argentina, la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo que realizó el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación en 2013 incluyó un módulo de vacunación. El diseño muestral fue estratificado y multietápico. Fueron encuestadas 32 365 personas >18 años sobre el uso de cuatro vacunas incluidas en el Calendario Nacional de Vacunación: hepatitis B, tétanos, influenza y neumococo. Se consideró toda la población encuestada para tétanos y hepatitis B y ciertos grupos en riesgo para influenza y neumococo, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones. El PU varió según las vacunas analizadas: tétanos 49.8%, hepatitis B 21.7%, influenza 51.6% y neumococo 16.2%. Las principales fuentes de información sobre vacunas del adulto fueron, en primer lugar los medios públicos de comunicación (televisión, internet, etc.), y en segundo lugar el personal de salud (70.8% y 27.9%, respectivamente). Se concluye que la encuesta es una herramienta útil para evaluar el uso de vacunas por adultos, identificar poblaciones con baja cobertura, así como para planificar e implementar estrategias para mejorar la cobertura.

Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for disease prevention. Argentina initiated the transition from child vaccination to family vaccination through the incorporation of an adult schedule. One of the difficulties with this last group is to assess the percentage of use (PU) of the vaccines. With the aim of determining the PU of adult vaccines in Argentina, a vaccination module was included in the National Survey of Risk Factors carried out in 2013 by the National Ministry of Health. The sampling had a stratified multistage design. A total of 32 365 people = 18 year-old were surveyed about the use of four vaccines included in the National Vaccination Calendar: hepatitis B, tetanus, influenza, and pneumococcus. The entire population was surveyed for tetanus and hepatitis B while certain groups at risk were evaluated for influenza and pneumococcus, according to current recommendations. PU varied according to the vaccine analyzed: tetanus 49.8%, hepatitis B 21.7%, influenza 51.6% and pneumococcus 16.2%. The main information sources on adult vaccination were media (television, internet, etc.) followed by health personnel (70.8% and 27.9%, respectively). The survey is a suitable tool to assess the use of vaccines by adults, identify low coverage populations, and to plan and implement strategies to improve coverage.

Effectiveness of patient-held paper immunization record and immunization express lane at the Family and Community Medicine Outpatient Department in increasing utilization of recommended adult vaccination

Background@#Significant efforts are being done to lessen the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, missed opportunities for vaccination due to unfavorable clinic hours and the long waits at the clinic deter adults from obtaining vaccinations. Likewise, adult patients are rarely provided with their own vaccination record, which could heighten their awareness and remind them of the recommended vaccines they need to obtain, leading to being not vaccinated. At the outpatient clinic, promoting high-impact and cost-effective preventive services such as vaccination will not only save monetary expenses but more importantly, will lead to incidence reduction of vaccine –preventable diseases.@*Objective@#The objective of the study was to determine effectiveness of Patient-Held Paper Immunization Record and Immunization Express Lane in increasing the vaccination rate among adult patients at FMC OPD.@*Subjectives and Setting@#Study population consisted of adult patients at the Family Medicine Clinic (FMC)-OPD, with the following criteria: ages 19 years old and above regardless of co-morbidities and vaccination status; those who are consulting as new or follow-up patient at FMC-OPD from March- May 2016.@*Design@#The study utilized a before-and-after study design on the effectiveness of Patient-Held Immunization Record and Immunization Express Lane in increasing vaccination utilization among adult patients at FMC-OPD.@*Data Collection@#To determine baseline vaccination rate, chart reviews were done after each consult day. The sociodemographic data and vaccination data were gathered using the data obtained from the vaccination logbook. @*Results@#66 adult patients who were vaccinated during the implementation of vaccination strategies were mostly elderly, married, with no work, college graduate, Manila resident, known hypertensive, informed by physician regarding vaccination, and obtained vaccination during clinic consults. Pneumococcal vaccine had the highest proportion (84%) of administered vaccine. Prior to the intervention, baseline vaccination rate yielded 0.04%. After implementation of the combined vaccination strategies, the generated vaccination was 1.17%. There was a 28.25% increase in vaccination rate.@*Conclusion@#The use of combined vaccination strategies, consisting of Patient-Held Immunization Record and Immunization Express Lane was effective in increasing the vaccination rate among adult patients at the FMC-OPD.