Superación profesional del tecnólogo en optometría y óptica en el Tomógrafo de Coherencia Óptica Spectralis / The Professional Upgrading of the Technologist in Optometry and Optics with the Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography

En la actualidad, se vive en una sociedad en la que el conocimiento es el principal motor de desarrollo y crecimiento económico. Para que una persona tenga capacidad de producir conocimientos y de aprendizaje permanente, se requiere tener habilidades en el uso de tecnología avanzada, las cuales se logran con la superación profesional para poder aplicarlos en beneficio de toda la sociedad. La superación profesional posibilita a los profesionales estar actualizados y actualizables en las tecnologías avanzadas que facilitan mantenerse competentes y competitivos en cualquiera de los escenarios. En ese sentido, el desarrollo de las habilidades en el uso de tecnología avanzada significa aprender un lenguaje único, incorporar nuevas reglas y utilizar nuevas experiencias para aprender a interaccionar con eficacia en ese mundo. La tecnología de la salud requiere de profesionales con un perfil amplio e integrador, los cuales, mediante la superación profesional, se apropien de conocimientos y desarrollen habilidades en el uso de tecnología avanzada(AU)

Nowadays, life is experienced in a society in which knowledge is the main engine of development and economic growth. In order for a person to have the capacity to produce knowledge and learn permanently, it is necessary to have skills in the use of advanced technology, achieved through professional upgrading in order to apply them for the benefit of society as a whole. Professional upgrading makes it possible for professionals to be updated and updatable in advanced technologies that make it easier for them to remain competent and competitive in any of the scenarios. In that respect, the development of skills in the use of advanced technology means learning a unique language, incorporating new rules and using new experiences to learn how to interact effectively in this world. Health technology requires professionals with a broad and integrative profile, who, through professional upgrading, appropriate knowledge for themselves and develop skills in the use of advanced technology(AU)

Methodology and application of process analytical technology (PAT) for traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing:a review / 中国中药杂志

Owing to the advancement in pharmaceutical technology, traditional Chinese medicine industry has seen rapid development. Preferring conventional manufacturing mode, pharmaceutical enterprises of traditional Chinese medicine have no effective process detection tools and process control methods. As a result, the quality of the final products mainly depends on testing and the quality is inconsistent in the same batch. Process analytical technology(PAT) for traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing, as one of the key advanced manufacturing techniques, can break through the bottleneck in quality control of medicine manufacturing, thus improving the production efficiency and product quality and reducing the material and energy consumption. It is applicable to the process control and real-time release of advanced manufacturing modes such as intelligent manufacturing and continuous manufacturing. This paper summarized the general idea of PAT for traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing. Through the analysis of the characteristics and status quo of the technology, we summed up the methodology for the continuous application and improvement of PAT during the whole life-cycle of traditional Chinese medicine. The five key procedures(process understanding, process detection, process modeling, process control, and continuous improvement) were summarized, and the application was reviewed. Finally, we proposed suggestions for the technical and regulatory challenges in implementing PAT in traditional Chinese medicine industry. This paper aims to provide a reference for development and application of PAT in advanced manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing, and continuous manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine industry.

A framework for advanced technology medicines from the perspective of community pharmacists; with or without technology

Abstract Nowadays, the number of medicines manufactured using advanced technologies such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and 3D printing is increasing along with the accelerated pace of technological change. Evaluating high technology medicines from the perspective of community pharmacists is important for the quality of the pharmacy practice. The aim is to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of community pharmacists regarding advanced technology medicines and to examine the social and ethical aspects from the pharmacist's perspective. A face-to-face cross-sectional survey was conducted with each of the 879 community pharmacists in Istanbul using a stratified sampling method. In this context, the gaps in pharmacists' knowledge of high technology medicines were determined. It has been found that the pharmacists' level of knowledge and willingness to learn new technologies differs according to the current education levels of the pharmacists and diversity in patient profiles. The pharmacists should close the knowledge gaps and update their information about medicines that are manufactured via the implementation of advanced technologies. The more pharmacists adapt to technology, the better guidance they can offer to society. This will also ensure that communication between the pharmacist and the patient to be built on trust, and significantly improve pharmacy practice.

Ureteral calculi: treatment options under advanced technology / 대한비뇨기과학회지

To determine the optional and objective criteria for choosing the appropriate treatment modality or ureteral calculi. we reviewed 210 patients (215 ureteral calculi) initially treated with expectation (78 calculi), ESWL (82 calculi). ureteroscopic removal (31 calculi). stone basket (7 calculi) and surgery (17 calculi) and the results of each treatment were compared. N 78 calculi treated with expectation 58 (74.4% ) passed spontaneously. The duration of 50% and 75% cumulative spontaneous passage (CSP) of proximal ureteral calculi ( or =6 mm) were 5 weeks (p=0.0087). The duration of 50% and 75% CSP of distal ureteral calculi ( or =7 mm) were 4 weeks and 11 weeks (p=0.01 75). The overall success rate of ESWL was 88.5% and the success rates of upper. middle and lower ureteral calculi were 92.2%. 70.6% and 94.7%. The duration of passage of calculi fragmented by ESWL was 1 to 16 weeks (mean: 4 wks). The overall success rate of ureteroscopic removal was 87.5% and the rate increased to 93.1% when only lower ureteral calculi were included. Stone basket was successful in 4 calculi out of 7. In conclusion, it is preferable to treat the proximal ureteral calculi smaller than 6mm and distal calculi smaller than 7mm with expectation until 3 months and 5 weeks, respectively. Otherwise ESWL is appropriate for proximal ureteral calculi and ureteroscopic removal for lower ureteral calculi. Although advanced technology for the management of ureteral calculi has been developed, traditional therapy has the proper role in contemporary practice.